scholarly journals COVID-19 Infection in Pregnancy: PCR Cycle Thresholds, Placental Pathology, and Perinatal Outcomes

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1884
Author(s):  
Estibalitz Laresgoiti-Servitje ◽  
Jorge Arturo Cardona-Pérez ◽  
Rosa Gabriela Hernández-Cruz ◽  
Addy Cecilia Helguera-Repetto ◽  
María Yolotzin Valdespino-Vázquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Universal Screening ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Placental Pathology ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Control Study

(1) This study aimed to evaluate characteristics, perinatal outcomes, and placental pathology of pregnant women with or without SARS-CoV-2 infection in the context of maternal PCR cycle threshold (CT) values. (2) This was a retrospective case-control study in a third-level health center in Mexico City with universal screening by RT-qPCR. The association of COVID-19 manifestations, preeclampsia, and preterm birth with maternal variables and CT values were assessed by logistic regression models and decision trees. (3) Accordingly, 828 and 298 women had a negative and positive test, respectively. Of those positive, only 2.6% of them presented mild to moderate symptoms. Clinical characteristics between both groups of women were similar. No associations between CT values were found for maternal features, such as pre-gestational BMI, age, and symptomatology. A significantly higher percentage of placental fibrinoid was seen with women with low CTs (<25; p < 0.01). Regarding perinatal outcomes, preeclampsia was found to be significantly associated with symptomatology but not with risk factors or CT values (p < 0.01, aOR = 14.72). Moreover, 88.9% of women diagnosed with COVID-19 at <35 gestational weeks and symptomatic developed preeclampsia. (4) The data support strong guidance for pregnancies with SARS-CoV-2 infection, in particular preeclampsia and placental pathology, which need further investigation.

scholarly journals The Association between Hyperhomocysteinemia and Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms in Chinese Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jianqing Deng ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Long Cao ◽  
Qun Wang ◽  
Hongpeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Control Study

Objective. To shed light on the association between hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAAs). Methods. From July 2013 to March 2017, we conducted a matched case–control study involving individuals who presented to the Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital and underwent thoracoabdominal magnetic resonance angiography or computed tomography angiography. A total of 73 patients with TAAAs were enrolled in the case group, and 219 sex-matched subjects without TAAAs were included in the control group. We then examined the relationship between HHcy and TAAAs by logistic regression models and subgroup as well as interaction analyses. Results. Serum total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations and the proportion of HHcy were significantly higher in the patients with TAAAs than in those without TAAAs (P<0.001). Furthermore, the multivariate logistic regression models indicated that participants with HHcy had a 2.14-fold higher risk of TAAAs than those with a normal serum tHcy level (adjusted odds ratio (OR), 2.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–4.56). Similarly, each 1 μmol/L increase in the serum tHcy concentration was associated with a 4% higher risk of TAAAs (adjusted OR, 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–1.07). Subgroup analyses indicated that HHcy tended to be associated with a greater risk of TAAAs in all stratified subgroups (adjusted ORs>1). Furthermore, the interaction analyses revealed no interactive role in the association between HHcy and TAAAs. Conclusions. The present case–control study suggests that HHcy is an independent risk factor for TAAAs. Larger prospective cohort studies are warranted to validate these findings.

scholarly journals Is Gout Associated with Pyoderma Gangrenosum? A Population-Based Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalaf Kridin ◽  
Ralf J. Ludwig ◽  
Dana Tzur Bitan ◽  
Mouhammad Kridin ◽  
Giovanni Damiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pyoderma Gangrenosum ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Significant Independent Predictor ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Control Study

The coexistence of pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) and gout has been reported in individual patients; however, the association between these conditions has not been investigated. We aimed to assess the association between PG and gout and to examine whether the presence of gout predisposes to the development of PG. A population-based case-control study was conducted comparing PG patients (n = 302) with age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched control subjects (n = 1497) with respect to the presence of preceding gout. Logistic regression models were utilized for univariate and multivariate analyses. The prevalence of preceding gout was greater in patients with PG than in control subjects (3.7% vs. 0.7%, respectively; p < 0.001). Gout was associated with a more than fivefold increase in the risk of PG (OR, 5.15; 95% CI, 2.21–11.98). After adjusting for confounding factors, gout emerged as a significant independent predictor of PG (adjusted OR, 4.08; 95% CI, 1.69–9.80). Gout preceded the diagnosis of PG by a median latency of 4.6 years. Patients with gout-associated PG were older, predominantly male, and had a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome than other patients with PG. In conclusion, gout increases the risk of developing PG by more than fivefold. Physicians managing patients with gout and PG should be aware of this emerging association.

scholarly journals Evaluation of logistic regression models and effect of covariates for case–control study in RNA-Seq analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Hoan Choi ◽  
Adam T. Labadorf ◽  
Richard H. Myers ◽  
Kathryn L. Lunetta ◽  
Josée Dupuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Dietary phytochemical index in relation to risk of glioma: a case-control study in Iranian adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Somaye Rigi ◽  
Mehdi Shayanfar ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Mousavi ◽  
Minoo Mohammad-Shirazi ◽  
Giuve Sharifi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background & aim No study is available that explores the association of dietary phytochemical index (DPI) with glioma. The objective of the current study was to assess this association in Iranian adults. Methods This hospital-based case-control study included 128 newly-diagnosed cases of glioma and 256 age- and sex-matched controls. Data collection on dietary intakes was done using a 123-item validated food frequency questionnaire. Calculation of DPI was done as (dietary energy derived from phytochemical-rich foods (kcal)/total daily energy intake (kcal)) × 100. Logistic regression models were used to examine the association between DPI and glioma. Results Individuals in the top tertile of DPI were more likely to be older and female. Before taking potential confounders into account, subjects in the top tertile of DPI tended to have a 40% reduced chance of glioma than those in the bottom tertile (OR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.35–1.02, P = 0.06). After controlling for age, sex, energy intake, several demographic variables and dietary intakes, the association between DPI and glioma became strengthened (OR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.19–0.97, P = 0.04). Conclusion High intakes of phytochemical-rich foods were associated with a lower risk of glioma in adults. High consumption of phytochemical-rich foods might be recommended to prevent glioma. However, further studies with a prospective design are needed to confirm our findings.

Adipokines and the risk of active TB: a nested case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
A. Z. Soh ◽  
C. T. Y. Tan ◽  
E. Mok ◽  
C. B. E. Chee ◽  
J-M. Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Donated Blood ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Control Study

BACKGROUND: Adipokines are emerging mediators of immune response, and may affect susceptibility to active TB.OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations between adipokines and the risk of active TB.METHODS: In a case-control study nested within a prospective cohort of middle-aged and older adults in Singapore, 280 incident active TB cases who donated blood for research before diagnosis were matched with 280 controls. Serum levels of adiponectin, resistin, leptin and ghrelin were measured. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to compute the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between adipokines and the risk of active TB.RESULTS: Higher levels of leptin and resistin were associated with reduced risk of TB in a dose-dependent manner. Compared to those in the lowest quartile of leptin levels, those in the highest quartile had an OR of 0.46 (95%CI 0.26–0.82; P for trend = 0.009). Similarly, compared to those in the lowest quartile of resistin levels, those in the highest quartile had an OR of 0.46 (95%CI 0.24–0.90; P for trend = 0.03). Adiponectin and ghrelin levels were not associated with TB risk.CONCLUSION: Increased serum levels of leptin and resistin may be associated with reduced susceptibility to active TB infection.

scholarly journals A Case-Control Study of Factors Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Healthcare Workers in Colombia.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merida Rodriguez-Lopez ◽  
Beatriz Parra ◽  
Enrique Vergara ◽  
Laura Rey ◽  
Mercedes Salcedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: Healthcare Workers (HCW) are repeatedly exposed to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection among HCW in one of the largest cities in Colombia. Methods: We conducted a case-control study, where cases had a positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and controls had a negative result. Participants were randomly selected and interviewed by phone. Analyses were performed using logistic regression models. Results: A total of 110 cases and 113 controls were included. Men (AdjOR 4.1 95%CI 1.7-10), Nurses (AdjOR 11.2 95%CI 1.1-119.6), not using a high-performance filtering mask (AdjOR 2.2 95%CI 1-5.1) and inadequate use of personal protective equipment (AdjOR 4.8 95%CI 1.1-19.6) were identified as risk factors. Conversely, graduate (AdjOR 0.1 95%CI 0.01-0.5) and postgraduate (AdjOR 0.05 95%CI 0.004-0.5) education, feeling scared or nervous (AdjOR 0.5 95%CI0.2-0.9), not wearing any of gloves, hat and googles/face shields (AdjOR 0.1 95%CI0.02-0.4), and the use of high-performance filtering or a combination of fabric plus surgical mask (AdjOR 0.2 95%CI 0.1-0.8) outside the workplace were protective factors. Conclusion: This study highlights the protection provided by high-performance filtering mask or double masking among HCW. Individual factors and the difficulties of wearing other protective equipment needs to be considered in designing, implementing and monitoring COVID-19 biosafety protocols for HCW.

scholarly journals Can Obstetric Risk Factors Predict Fetal Acidaemia at Birth? A Retrospective Case-Control Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Habiba Kapaya ◽  
Roslyn Williams ◽  
Grace Elton ◽  
Dilly Anumba
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Umbilical Artery ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Fetal Monitoring ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Predictive Capacity ◽  
Perinatal Medicine ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Control Study

Background. Despite major advances in perinatal medicine, intrapartum asphyxia remains a leading and potentially preventable cause of perinatal mortality and long-term morbidity. The umbilical cord pH is considered an essential criteria for the diagnosis of acute intrapartum hypoxic events. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether obstetric risk factors are associated with fetal acidaemia at delivery. Methodology. In a case-control study, 294 women with term singleton pregnancies complicated by an umbilical artery cord pH < 7.20 at birth were individually matched by controls with umbilical artery cord pH > 7.20. Groups were compared for differences in maternal, obstetric, and fetal characteristics using logistic regression models presented as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results. The study showed pregestational diabetes (PGDM) [OR: 5.31, 95% CI: 1.15- 24.58, P = 0.018], urinary tract infection (UTI) [OR: 3.21, 95% CI: 1.61- 6.43, P < 0.001], and low Apgar scores to be significantly associated with acidaemia, whereas low maternal BMI [OR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.04-0.87, P = 0.032], pyrexia in labour [OR 0.23; 95% CI 0.12-0.53; P < 0.001], electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) [OR 0.65; 95% CI 0.43-0.99; P = 0.042), and emergency caesarean section [OR 0.42; 95% CI 0.26-0.66; P < 0.001] were found to be protective of acidaemia. Conclusion. Certain obstetric risk factors before and during labour can identify newborns at risk of developing acidaemia. Further research is needed to gain quantitative insight into the predictive capacity of these risks that can inform obstetric clinical management for improved outcomes.

Interaction Between Retinol Intake and ISX rs5755368 Polymorphism in Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Case-control Study Among the Korean Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anh Quynh Bui ◽  
Madhawa Gunathilake ◽  
Jeonghee Lee ◽  
Jae Hwan Oh ◽  
Hee Jin Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Total Study Population ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Control Study

Abstract There is limited evidence about the interaction between retinol intake and the intestine-specific homeobox (ISX) rs5755368 polymorphism in colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. We conducted a hospital-based case-control study to examine whether the ISX rs5755368 genotypes are associated with the effect of dietary retinol consumption on CRC risk. First, to identify the association between dietary retinol and CRC risk, we recruited 923 CRC patients and 1846 controls. Dietary retinol intake was assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. For genetic analysis, genotype data were available for 1419 patients (600 cases and 819 controls) out of the total study population. ISX rs5755368 genotyping was performed using an Illumina MEGA-Expanded Array. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression models. Retinol intake was inversely associated with the development of CRC (OR = 0.49; 95% CI = 0.37–0.63) after adjusting for confounders. Patients with homozygous AA genotype of the ISX rs5755368 polymorphism were less likely to have CRC risk than subjects carrying the G allele (AG+GG) (OR = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.58–0.99). Additionally, a 68% reduced risk of CRC was related to the highest retinol intake among those carrying the rs5755368 AA genotype compared to the risk of participants carrying the G allele consumed the lowest retinol intake (OR = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.20–0.53; P interaction=0.026). In conclusion, our study confirmed a protective role of retinol intake in CRC risk reduction. Moreover, this association was strengthened significantly among individuals carrying the homozygous AA genotype of the ISX rs5755368 polymorphism.

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