Effect of Probiotics on the Performance and Intestinal Health of Broiler Chickens Infected with Eimeria tenella

Coccidiosis is an important parasitic disease of poultry with great economic importance. Due to drug resistance issues, the study was conducted to investigate how probiotics (Lactobacillus plantarum or L. plantarum) affected oocysts per gram of feces (OPG), fecal scores, feed conversion ratio (FCR), immunomodulatory effect in terms of the cell-mediated and humoral immune response. Serum chemistry (ALT, AST, LDH, and creatinine) was measured in different treated chicken groups. mRNA expression levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD 1 and CAT), peptide transporter 1 (PepT 1), and tight junction proteins (ZO and CLDN 1) were also examined in chicken groups infected with Eimeria tenella (E. tenella). Chickens supplemented with L. plantarum 1 × 108 CFU (colony-forming unit) showed an improved cell-mediated and humoral immune response, compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Probiotics also enhanced the performance of antioxidant enzymes, PepT 1, and tight junction proteins, and improved serum chemistry (AST, ALT, and LDH), compared with control-infected, non-medicated chickens. However, no significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed in CLDN 1 expression level and creatinine in all treated chicken groups. These findings demonstrated that probiotics supplementation in the feed can protect the birds against E. tenella infection.

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Humoral Response to Microbial Biomarkers in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10215153 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (21) ◽

pp. 5153

Author(s):

Seyedesomaye Jasemi ◽

Gian Luca Erre ◽

Maria Luisa Cadoni ◽

Marco Bo ◽

Leonardo A. Sechi

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Immune Response ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Humoral Response ◽

Human Endogenous Retrovirus ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Bivariate Correlation ◽

Microbial Biomarkers ◽

Significant Difference

Background/Objective: Chronic humoral immune response against multiple microbial antigens may play a crucial role in the etiopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We aimed to assess the prevalence and magnitude of antibody response against various bacterial and viral immunogen peptides in the sera of RA patients compared with the general population. Methods: Polyclonal IgG antibodies (Abs) specific for peptides derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis (RgpA, Kpg), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (LtxA1, LtxA2), Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP4027), Epstein–Barr virus (EBNA1, EBVBOLF), and human endogenous retrovirus (HERV-W env-su) were detected by ELISA in serum samples from 148 consecutive RA patients and 148 sex and age-matched healthy controls (HCs). In addition, the presence of a relationship between the positivity and the titer of antibodies and RA descriptors was explored by bivariate correlation analysis. Results: RA patients exhibit a higher prevalence of humoral immune response against all tested peptides compared to HCs with a statically significant difference for MAP4027 (30.4% vs. 10.1%), BOLF (25.7% vs. 8.1%), RgpA (24.3% vs. 9.4%), HERV W-env (20.3% vs. 9.4%), and EBNA1 (18.9% vs. 9.4%) peptides. Fifty-three (35.8%) out of 148 RA serum and 93 (62.8%) out of 148 HCs were negative for all pathogen-derived peptides. There was a significant correlation between OD values obtained by ELISA test against all peptides (p < 0.0001). We also found an increased titer and prevalence of Abs against LtxA1 and LtxA2 in seropositive vs. seronegative RF (p = 0.019, p = 0.018). Conclusion: This study demonstrates a significantly increased humoral response against multiple pathogens in patients with RA and implies that they could be an important factor in the pathogenesis of the disease. Therefore, the role of each individual pathogen in RA needs to be further investigated.

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Ketamine-induced ulcerative cystitis and bladder apoptosis involve oxidative stress mediated by mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.00607.2014 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 309 (4) ◽

pp. F318-F331 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Keh-Min Liu ◽

Shu-Mien Chuang ◽

Cheng-Yu Long ◽

Yi-Lun Lee ◽

Chao-Chuan Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Tight Junction ◽

Er Stress ◽

Tight Junction Proteins ◽

Stress Markers ◽

Bladder Cell ◽

Associated Proteins ◽

Junction Proteins

Ketamine abusers develop severe lower urinary tract symptoms. The major aims of the present study were to elucidate ketamine-induced ulcerative cystitis and bladder apoptosis in association with oxidative stress mediated by mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Sprague-Dawley rats were distributed into three different groups, which received normal saline or ketamine for a period of 14 or 28 days, respectively. Double-labeled immunofluorescence experiments were performed to investigate tight junction proteins for urothelial barrier functions. A TUNEL assay was performed to evaluate the distribution of apoptotic cells. Western blot analysis was carried out to examine the expressions of urothelial tight junction proteins, ER stress markers, and apoptosis-associated proteins. Antioxidant enzymes, including SOD and catalase, were investigated by real-time PCR and immunofluorescence experiments. Ketamine-treated rats were found to display bladder hyperactivity. This bladder dysfunction was accompanied by disruptions of epithelial cadherin- and tight junction-associated proteins as well as increases in the expressions of apoptosis-associated proteins, which displayed features of mitochondria-dependent apoptotic signals and ER stress markers. Meanwhile, expressions of mitochondria respiratory subunit enzymes were significantly increased in ketamine-treated bladders. Conversely, mRNA expressions of the antioxidant enzymes Mn-SOD (SOD2), Cu/Zn-SOD (SOD1), and catalase were decreased after 28 days of ketamine treatment. These results demonstrate that ketamine enhanced the generation of oxidative stress mediated by mitochondria- and ER-dependent pathways and consequently contributed to bladder apoptosis and urothelial lining defects. Such oxidative stress-enhanced bladder cell apoptosis and urothelial barrier defects are potential factors that may play a crucial role in bladder overactivity and ulceration.

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Expression and Clinical Significance of Sperm-Associated Antigen 9 in Patients With Endometrial Carcinoma

International Journal of Gynecological Cancer ◽

10.1097/igc.0b013e3182370f2e ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 87-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Peng Yu ◽

Lei Yan ◽

Hui Zhang ◽

Xiaoyan Lin ◽

Xingbo Zhao

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Endometrial Cancer ◽

Endometrial Carcinoma ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Significant Difference ◽

New Type ◽

Grade 3

ObjectiveTo investigate the expression and humoral immune response of sperm-associated antigen 9 (SPAG9) in endometri al carcinoma.MethodsSperm-associated antigen 9 gene expression levels were evaluated in endometrial carcinoma, endometrial hyperplasia, adjacent tissues, and normal endometrial tissues by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot. Sperm-associated antigen 9 concentration in serum samples from 10 healthy women, 20 women with benign diseases, and 50 women with endometrial carcinoma was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results(1) Sperm-associated antigen 9 antibodies were detected in approximately 72% of patients with endometrial cancer but not in healthy controls. (2) A significant difference has been found among pathological types and degrees (P < 0.05), and it was also found to be expressed in transferred lymph nodes. (3) Sperm-associated antigen 9 serum concentration (ng/mL) of patients with endometrial carcinoma is significantly higher than those of the healthy group (P < 0.05). Patients harboring grade 3 endometrial carcinoma were found to have significantly higher SPAG9 concentrations than those of grade 1/grade 2 (P = 0.003).ConclusionsSPAG9 is positively expressed in endometrial cancer, and with a high humoral immune response in patients. It may serve as a new type of endometrial cancer markers for early detection, diagnosis and treatment.

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Study on the Course of Cryptosporidium baileyi Infection in Chickens Treated with interleukin-1 or Indomethacin

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica ◽

10.1556/004.47.1999.2.6 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 207-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

S. Hornok ◽

Z. Széll ◽

Tatjana A. Shibalova ◽

I. Varga

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Skin Test ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Interleukin 1 ◽

Immunological Parameters ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Humoral Responses ◽

Cellular Immune ◽

Cryptosporidium Baileyi

The effects exerted by human recombinant interleukin-1β (hrIL-1β) and the prostaglandin inhibitor indomethacin on the course of Cryptosporidium baileyi infection in chickens were studied. Daily oocyst shedding was monitored by a quantitative method throughout the experiment. Humoral immune response to C. baileyi was assessed by ELISA at 3 weeks of age while the level of cellular immune response to phytohaemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) by a skin test at 23 days of age. Parenteral application of hrIL-1b decreased oocyst shedding to 62%, but the infection ran a similar course in treated and control birds. The PHA-P skin test demonstrated increased cellular immune reaction in chickens receiving IL-1b, but there was no significant difference in the humoral responses of the two groups as detected by ELISA. On the other hand, indomethacin mixed to the feed lessened oocyst shedding to 13.7% and also shortened its duration. Immunological parameters as reflected by PHA-P skin test and ELISA results indicated enhanced cellular but unaltered humoral immune response. These data suggest that the sys- temic application of interleukin-1 can induce partial protection against C. baileyi in chickens and that prolonged, abundant oocyst shedding is due to an indometha- cin-sensitive immunodepression via the prostaglandin pathway.

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Influence of endurance exercise training on antioxidant enzymes, tight junction proteins, and inflammatory markers in the rat ileum

BMC Research Notes ◽

10.1186/s13104-015-1500-6 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

A. Maleah Holland ◽

Hayden W. Hyatt ◽

Ashley J. Smuder ◽

Kurt J. Sollanek ◽

Aaron B. Morton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Tight Junction ◽

Endurance Exercise ◽

Inflammatory Markers ◽

Tight Junction Proteins ◽

Rat Ileum ◽

Endurance Exercise Training ◽

Junction Proteins

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SARS-CoV-2 Infection Elicits A Greater Humoral Immune Response In The Second Wave Than The First Wave In Morocco

10.21203/rs.3.rs-518276/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sayeh Ezzikouri ◽

Hind Majidi ◽

Soad Redwane ◽

Nadia Meziane ◽

Abdellatif Zahir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Response Dynamics ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Age Related ◽

Significant Difference ◽

One Year ◽

Different Strains ◽

Second Wave

Abstract Purpose: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). One year has passed since the first COVID-19 case, and concerns have emerged regarding new variants, meaning that characterizing antibody-mediated immune response dynamics is of paramount importance. Here, we evaluated the humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in subjects during the first and second waves of the pandemic in Morocco. Methods: We assessed humoral immune response in samples from 94 seropositive individuals in the first wave (February to August 2020) and 596 seropositive individuals in the second wave (December 2020 to January 2021). Plasma samples were collected from volunteer blood donors and their levels of serum IgG to SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein (NP) were determined using architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay.Results: Our results revealed an increase of humoral immunity during the second wave than first wave (3.897 ± 0.079 vs. 2.842 ± 0.153, respectively, p<0.0001). Notably, we found an age-related gradient in antibody level, with higher antibody index in subjects at 45 years old and above (p= 0.01451). However, no significant difference was found according to gender (p= 0.8629). Conclusions: Our data highlighted an important issue regarding antibody-mediated immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection during the second wave and this issue might have arisen due to the dynamics of different strains circulating during the progress of the pandemic.

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SARS-CoV-2 Infection Elicits a Greater Humoral Immune Response in the Second Wave Than the First Wave

10.21203/rs.3.rs-419367/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sayeh Ezzikouri ◽

Hind Majidi ◽

Soad Redwane ◽

Nadia Meziane ◽

Abdellatif Zahir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Response Dynamics ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Age Related ◽

Significant Difference ◽

One Year ◽

Different Strains ◽

Second Wave

Abstract PurposeSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). One year has passed since the first COVID-19 case, and concerns have emerged regarding new variants, meaning that characterizing antibody-mediated immune response dynamics is of paramount importance. Here, we evaluated the humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in subjects during the first and second waves of the pandemic in Morocco. MethodsWe assessed humoral immune response in samples from 94 seropositive individuals in the first wave (February to August 2020) and 596 seropositive individuals in the second wave (December 2020 to January 2021). Plasma samples were collected from volunteer blood donors and their levels of serum IgG to SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein (NP) were determined using architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay.ResultsOur results revealed an increase of humoral immunity during the second wave than first wave (3.897 ± 0.079 vs. 2.842 ± 0.153, respectively, p<0.0001). Notably, we found an age-related gradient in antibody level, with higher antibody index in subjects at 45 years old and above (p= 0.01451). However, no significant difference was found according to gender (p= 0.8629). ConclusionsOur data highlighted an important issue regarding antibody-mediated immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection during the second wave and this issue might have arisen due to the dynamics of different strains circulating during the progress of the pandemic.

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Humoral Immune Response During Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.102.suppl_3.iii-95 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 102 (suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Anno Diegeler ◽

Nicolas Doll ◽

Thomas Rauch ◽

Dorothea Haberer ◽

Thomas Walther ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Operative Approach ◽

Surgical Trauma ◽

Off Pump ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Background —The introduction of limited approaches to the heart and the avoidance of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) aim to reduce the invasiveness of CABG by decreasing the systemic release of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8, as well as the anti-inflammatory agent IL-10. This study compares the humoral immune response in patients undergoing CABG with standard, minimally invasive, and “off-pump” techniques. Methods and Results —Thirty patients were divided into 3 operative groups: full sternotomy approach plus CPB (group A); full sternotomy approach, off pump (group B); and limited left anterior thoracotomy, off pump (group C). Plasma levels of TNF-α receptors p55 and p75, IL 6, IL-8, and IL-10 were taken at baseline, during CPB, and at 4, 24, and 48 hours and 6 days after surgery. A significant increased release of activated complement factors C5a and C3d, IL-8, and IL-10 was observed in patients subjected to CPB (group A) during the initial period and for a short time after perfusion ( P <0.05). TNF-α receptors p55 and p75 showed a prolonged elevation (up to 48 hours) in the CPB group compared with the 2 off-pump groups. IL-6 showed no different release among the 3 surgical groups throughout the entire period. There was no significant difference in any parameter measured in relation to the type of operative approach. Conclusions —There is an inflammatory, as well as an anti-inflammatory, response during CABG that is related to the general surgical trauma. The release of immune mediators is enhanced by the use of CPB during various perioperative and postoperative phases. The type of operative approach did not influence this immune response.

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