scholarly journals Adjuvants and Antigen-Delivery Systems for Subunit Vaccines against Tuberculosis

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 972
Author(s):  
Abu Salim Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Antigen Delivery ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Subunit Vaccines ◽  
Recombinant Bcg ◽  
New Vaccines ◽  
Antigen Delivery Systems

The only licensed vaccine against tuberculosis is BCG. However, BCG has failed to provide consistent protection against tuberculosis, especially pulmonary disease in adults. Furthermore, the use of BCG is contraindicated in immunocompromised subjects. The research towards the development of new vaccines against TB includes the use of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens as subunit vaccines. Such vaccines may be used either alone or in the prime-boost model in BCG-vaccinated people. However, the antigens for subunit vaccines require adjuvants and/or delivery systems to induce appropriate and protective immune responses against tuberculosis and other diseases. Articles published in this Special Issue have studied the pathogenesis of BCG in children and the use of BCG and recombinant BCG as potential vaccines against asthma. Furthermore, the use of different adjuvants and delivery systems in inducing the protective immune responses after immunization with subunit vaccines has been described.

Guanidinylated cationic nanoparticles as robust protein antigen delivery systems and adjuvants for promoting antigen-specific immune responses in vivo

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (33) ◽  
pp. 5608-5620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan Li ◽  
Gaona Shi ◽  
Xiuyuan Zhang ◽  
Huijuan Song ◽  
Chuangnian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Protein Antigen ◽  
Antigen Delivery ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Immune Adjuvants ◽  
Cationic Nanoparticles ◽  
Antigen Delivery Systems

Guanidinylated nanoparticles could act as effective immune adjuvants to elicit both potent antigen-specific cellular and humoral immune responses.

scholarly journals A Review of Intra- and Extracellular Antigen Delivery Systems for Virus Vaccines of Finfish

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hetron Mweemba Munang’andu ◽  
Øystein Evensen
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Antigen Delivery ◽  
Mhc I ◽  
Mhc Ii ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Long Time ◽  
T Cell Immune Responses ◽  
Antigen Delivery Systems

Vaccine efficacy in aquaculture has for a long time depended on evaluating relative percent survival and antibody responses after vaccination. However, current advances in vaccine immunology show that the route in which antigens are delivered into cells is deterministic of the type of adaptive immune response evoked by vaccination. Antigens delivered by the intracellular route induce MHC-I restricted CD8+ responses while antigens presented through the extracellular route activate MHC-II restricted CD4+ responses implying that the route of antigen delivery is a conduit to induction of B- or T-cell immune responses. In finfish, different antigen delivery systems have been explored that include live, DNA, inactivated whole virus, fusion protein, virus-like particles, and subunit vaccines although mechanisms linking these delivery systems to protective immunity have not been studied in detail. Hence, in this review we provide a synopsis of different strategies used to administer viral antigens via the intra- or extracellular compartments. Further, we highlight the differences in immune responses induced by antigens processed by the endogenous route compared to exogenously processed antigens. Overall, we anticipate that the synopsis put together in this review will shed insights into limitations and successes of the current vaccination strategies used in finfish vaccinology.

Quaternized Cationic Carbon Dots as Antigen Delivery Systems for Improving Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 9449-9461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaomei Huang ◽  
Bowen Li ◽  
Usama Ashraf ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
Xingchang Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Antigen Delivery ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Antigen Delivery Systems

scholarly journals Correction: Guanidinylated cationic nanoparticles as robust protein antigen delivery systems and adjuvants for promoting antigen-specific immune responses in vivo

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (41) ◽  
pp. 6746-6747
Author(s):  
Pan Li ◽  
Gaona Shi ◽  
Xiuyuan Zhang ◽  
Huijuan Song ◽  
Chuangnian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Protein Antigen ◽  
Antigen Delivery ◽  
Cationic Nanoparticles ◽  
Antigen Delivery Systems

Correction for ‘Guanidinylated cationic nanoparticles as robust protein antigen delivery systems and adjuvants for promoting antigen-specific immune responses in vivo’ by Pan Li et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2016, 4, 5608–5620.

Administration routes affect the quality of immune responses: A cross-sectional evaluation of particulate antigen-delivery systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepa Mohanan ◽  
Bram Slütter ◽  
Malou Henriksen-Lacey ◽  
Wim Jiskoot ◽  
Joke A. Bouwstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Antigen Delivery ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Administration Routes ◽  
Particulate Antigen ◽  
Antigen Delivery Systems

scholarly journals Implantable vaccines: a solution for immune system manipulation to any antigenic stimulus

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Ioanna Zerva ◽  
Vasileia Pateraki ◽  
Irene Athanassakis
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Antigen Delivery ◽  
Immune Responsiveness ◽  
Antigenic Stimulus ◽  
Human Pathology ◽  
Check Points ◽  
Antigen Delivery Systems

Effective and side-effect-free vaccines are still difficult tasks to achieve for a great majority of antigenic stimuli. Pathogen manipulation to abort infectivity and antigen delivery to ensure immune responsiveness are the major components vaccine technology tries to resolve. However, the development of an immune response is still a complicated matter, lies on hundreds of parameters and any effort towards activation can easily lead to adverse effects, making immunotherapy very difficult to control. The present review attempts to highlight the major parameters affecting immune responsiveness and show that vaccine technology, except from pathogen manipulation and the development of antigen delivery systems, requires attention to additional check-points. Analyzing the recently described personalized implantable vaccine technology, it becomes obvious that the nature of each antigenic stimulus dictates different responsiveness to the organism, which discourages the use of universal adjuvant and antigen-delivery systems. On the contrary, the ex vivo tuning of the immune response proposed by the implantable vaccine technology, allows controllable amendment of the response. The development of personalized technologies is expected to provide valuable tools for the management of human pathology.

scholarly journals Fusion Cytokines IL-7-Linker-IL-15 Promote Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Subunit Vaccine to Induce Central Memory like T Cell-Mediated Immunity

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 715
Author(s):  
Chunxiang Bai ◽  
Lijun Zhou ◽  
Junxia Tang ◽  
Juanjuan He ◽  
Jiangyuan Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Central Memory ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
Subunit Vaccines ◽  
Ifn Γ

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), is among the most serious infectious diseases worldwide. Adjuvanted protein subunit vaccines have been demonstrated as a kind of promising novel vaccine. This study proposed to investigate whether cytokines interliukine-7 (IL-7) and interliukine-15 (IL-15) help TB subunit vaccines induce long-term cell-mediated immune responses, which are required for vaccination against TB. In this study, mice were immunized with the M. tuberculosis protein subunit vaccines combined with adnovirus-mediated cytokines IL-7, IL-15, IL-7-IL-15, and IL-7-Linker-IL-15 at 0, 2, and 4 weeks, respectively. Twenty weeks after the last immunization, the long-term immune responses, especially the central memory-like T cells (TCM like cell)-mediated immune responses, were determined with the methods of cultured IFN-γ-ELISPOT, expanded secondary immune responses, cell proliferation, and protective efficacy against Mycobacterium bovis Bacilli Calmette-Guerin (BCG) challenge, etc. The results showed that the group of vaccine + rAd-IL-7-Linker-IL-15 induced a stronger long-term antigen-specific TCM like cells-mediated immune responses and had higher protective efficacy against BCG challenge than the vaccine + rAd-vector control group, the vaccine + rAd-IL-7 and the vaccine + rAd-IL-15 groups. This study indicated that rAd-IL-7-Linker-IL-15 improved the TB subunit vaccine’s efficacy by augmenting TCM like cells and provided long-term protective efficacy against Mycobacteria.

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