Isolation, Serovar Identification, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Avibacterium paragallinarum from Chickens in China from 2019 to 2020

Infectious coryza is an acute infectious respiratory disease in chickens that is caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum (A. paragallinarum). Infectious coryza has major economic effects due to decreased egg production in growing birds and slowed growth in broilers. In this study, we isolated and identified 40 strains of A. paragallinarum from chickens that showed typical clinical signs of coryza in part of China from 2019 to 2020. Using a hemagglutination-inhibition test, 11 isolates were identified as serovar A, 10 isolates were identified as serovar B, and 19 isolates were identified as serovar C. Antimicrobial sensitivity tests showed that high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were encountered for compounds sulfamethoxine sodium and oxytetracycline hydrochloride. Especially, of the 40 A. paragallinarum isolates, 30% had an MIC value of compound sulfamethoxine sodium of 64 μg/mL, 10% of 128 μg/mL, and 15% of 256 μg/mL. For oxytetracycline hydrochloride, 85% of isolates showed MIC values of 64 μg/mL or more. Excitingly, the MIC values of β-lactamase (amoxicillin, ampicillin, and ceftiofur) were low, with 77.5%, 70%, and 92.5% of isolates having an MIC value of ≤1 μg/mL, respectively. Our results may provide a reference for the treatment of infectious coryza.

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Otitis and meningoencephalitis associated with infectious coryza (Avibacterium paragallinarum) in commercial broiler chickens

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/1040638718792964 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

pp. 784-788 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Manuela Crispo ◽

C. Gabriel Sentíes-Cué ◽

George L. Cooper ◽

Grace Mountainspring ◽

Charles Corsiglia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Animal Health ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Laboratory System ◽

Sequencing Analysis ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Infectious Coryza ◽

Avibacterium Paragallinarum ◽

Commercial Broiler

Infectious coryza, caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum, is an acute respiratory disease of poultry that can result in substantial morbidity, mortality, and economic losses. In March 2017, the Turlock branch of the California Animal Health and Food Safety laboratory system encountered an unusual clinical and pathologic presentation of infectious coryza in 6 live, 29-d-old, commercial broiler chickens that were submitted for diagnostic investigation. Antemortem evaluation revealed severe neurologic signs, including disorientation, torticollis, and opisthotonos. Swollen head–like syndrome and sinusitis were also present. Histologically, severe sinusitis, cranial osteomyelitis, otitis media and interna, and meningoencephalitis were noted, explaining the clinical signs described. A. paragallinarum was readily isolated from the upper and lower respiratory tract, brain, and cranial bones. Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was also detected by PCR, and IBV was isolated in embryonated chicken eggs. Based on sequencing analysis, the IBV appeared 99% homologous to strain CA1737. A synergistic effect between A. paragallinarum and IBV, resulting in exacerbation of clinical signs and increased mortality, may have occurred in this case. A. paragallinarum should be considered among the possible causes of neurologic signs in chickens. Appropriate media should be used for bacterial isolation, and the role of additional contributing factors and/or complicating agents should be investigated in cases of infectious coryza.

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Limitation of the spread and impact of infectious coryza through the use of a continuous disinfection programme

Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research ◽

10.4102/ojvr.v71i1.280 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

R.R. Bragg

Keyword(s):

Untreated Control ◽

Egg Production ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

The Other ◽

Control Groups ◽

Infectious Coryza ◽

Duration Of Infection

The effect of a continuous disinfection programme, using the non-toxic disinfectant Virukill, in layers, on the spread and impact of infectious coryza, caused by Haemophilus paragallinarum was evaluated. In this experiment, both unvaccinated layers and layers vaccinated against infectious coryza were used. Duplicate smaller groups of vaccinated and unvaccinated chickens were challenged with different serovars of both NAD-dependent as well as NAD-independent isolates of Haemophilus paragallinarum. One group of chickens challenged with each of the different bacterial serovars was treated with the continuous disinfection programme, while the other group remained as the untreated controls. The clinical signs of infectious coryza were evaluated over a period of 20 days in each group. The egg production over this period was also evaluated. It was found in all experimental challenges, that the severity of the symptoms was reduced in the birds receiving the continuous disinfection programme. The drop in egg production was also found to be less severe in the treated groups when compared to the untreated control groups. The duration of infection was found to be either unchanged, or shorter in the birds treated with the continuous disinfection programme. In none of the experimental challenges was the duration or expression of clinical signs of IC increased due to the continuous disinfection programme.

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Complete Genome Sequences of Seven Avibacterium paragallinarum Isolates from Poultry Farms in Pennsylvania, USA

Microbiology Resource Announcements ◽

10.1128/mra.00654-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (27) ◽

Author(s):

Maurice Byukusenge ◽

Ruth H. Nissly ◽

Lingling Li ◽

Traci Pierre ◽

Tammy Mathews ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Causative Agent ◽

Complete Genome ◽

Egg Production ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Poultry Industry ◽

Genome Sequences ◽

Content Type ◽

Infectious Coryza ◽

Avibacterium Paragallinarum ◽

Poultry Farms

ABSTRACT Avibacterium paragallinarum, the causative agent of infectious coryza, causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry due to increased culling rates in growing chickens and decreased egg production in layers. We present the complete genome sequences of seven strains of Avibacterium paragallinarum isolated from poultry farms in Pennsylvania during 2019.

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Isolasi, Identifikasi, dan Serotyping Avibacterium paragallinarum dari Ayam Petelur Komersial yang Menunjukkan Gejala Snot

Jurnal Sain Veteriner ◽

10.22146/jsv.48489 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 27

Author(s):

Elisabet Tangkonda ◽

Charles Rangga Tabbu ◽

Agnesia Endang Tri Hastuti Wahyuni

Keyword(s):

Cell Morphology ◽

Egg Production ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Agglutination Test ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Acute Respiratory Disease ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Infectious Coryza ◽

Avibacterium Paragallinarum ◽

Serotype B

Infectious coryza (snot) is one of acute respiratory disease in breeders, layers, and broilers caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum (Av. paragallinarum). This disease is very harmful because of its cause decrease in egg production and high morbidity. Snot incident in Indonesia still is reported. Vaccination is one of the best preventive measures, but reports about Av. paragallinarum serotype at the field so lack so that the correspondence between serotype Av. paragallinarum in the field to those used for vaccination is unknown. Av. paragallinarum has strains with different antigenicity and until now known three serotypes there are serotypes A, B and C. Serotypes A and C are pathogenic then serotypes B. The purpose of this study was to isolate, identify and to determine the serotype of Av. paragallinarum from the commercial layer that showing symptoms of snot. Samples were taken from layer which showed symptoms of snot (nasal foul smelling exudate, infra-orbital and wattle swelling, conjunctivitis, and snoring) from some layer farms. Samples were cultured on chocolate agar and then incubated in a candle jar at 37 ᴼC for 18-24 hours. Bacteria colony and cell morphology were observed and performed biochemical tests (catalase, oxidase, urease, indole, and fermentation of carbohydrates) in suspected colonies. Serotypes test was conducted using plate agglutination test (PAT). This study revealed 4 isolates Av. paragallinarum with 2 isolates are serotype B and 2 other are serotype C.

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Comparative Pathology of Experimental Avibacterium Paragallinarum Infection in Chicken and Japanese Quail

10.21203/rs.3.rs-158075/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Aadish Balouria ◽

Sidhartha Deshmukh ◽

Harmanjit Singh Banga ◽

Milind Madhukar Chawak ◽

Shakti Kant Dash ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Animal Model ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Japanese Quail ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Host Susceptibility ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Infectious Coryza ◽

Avibacterium Paragallinarum ◽

Upper Respiratory ◽

Mucosal Immune Responses

Abstract IntroductionAvibacterium paragallinarum (Av.paragallinarum) is the causative agent of infectious coryza (IC) in chicken, an economically devastating disease of poultry industry. Despite the availability of effective vaccines against IC, the infection is rampant in unorganized poultry sector. Moreover, reports of wider host susceptibility in poultry farms and under field conditions are also emerging. Av.paragallinarum affects the upper respiratory tract of birds and has a predilection for the nasal turbinates. However, no study has systematically evaluated the early pathological changes and mucosal immune responses during Av. paragallinarum infection in the nasal turbinates of chicken. Furthermore, the use of Japanese quail as an alternate experimental animal model than chicken in IC remain unexplored. Here, we examined clinical signs, gross and histopathological changes at the nasal turbinates following experimental Av. paragallinarum infection in chicken and Japanese quail. MethodsWe developed a comprehensive scoring system for recording gross and histopathologic lesions during infection. ResultsOur data show that chicken have a higher susceptibility to Av.paragallinarum infection than the Japanese quail. Japanese quail had significantly lower gross as well as histopathology score in nasal turbinates as compared to infected chicken. Importantly, chicken at an early age i.e. 2.5 weeks were able to induce mucosal immune responses against Av. paragallinarum infection. ConclusionOur findings suggest that there are demonstrable differences in the disease pathology and host immune response to Av. paragallinarum infection in chicken and Japanese quail and warrant further investigation for the use of Japanese quail as an animal model for IC.

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STUDY AND CHARACTERIZATION GROWTH OF FOUR MICROALGAE SPECIES AND TEST ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY

Jurnal Zarah ◽

10.31629/zarah.v6i2.625 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 53-58

Author(s):

Marniati Salim

Keyword(s):

Dunaliella Salina ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Sea Water ◽

Basal Medium ◽

Nannochloropsis Oculata ◽

Inhibitory Zone ◽

Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽

Sensitivity Tests ◽

Microalgae Biomass ◽

Chaetoceros Calcitrans

Abstract In this study to the growth characteristics of microalgae (Dunaliella salina, Nannochloropsis oculata, Tetrasel mis chuii & Chaetoceros calcitrans), in different mediums, namely Bold’s Basal Medium (BBM) and BBM modification of sea water. The results obtained from microalgae (N.oculata, T.chuii, C.calcitrans) are better grown on BBM media while microlaga D.salina grows well on BBM modification of sea water. Microalgae biomass is extracted by maceration method in hexane and methanol solvents. Test bacteria used gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative (Escherichia coli). Inhibitory zone diameter results were compared with antimicrobial sensitivity tests according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). From the results of microalgae hexane and methanol extract antibacterial activity tests (D.salina, N.oculata, T.chuii, C.calcitrans) showed that the extract was not too sensitive to inhibit bacterial growth. Keywords: microalgae, medium, antimicrobial

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