scholarly journals Enhancing the Adsorption of Lead (II) by Bentonite Enriched with pH-Adjusted Meranti Sawdust

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1875 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mohajeri ◽  
C. Smith ◽  
M. Selamat ◽  
H. Abdul Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Groundwater Contamination ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Adsorption Efficiency ◽  
Ph Changes ◽  
Natural Adsorbents

In recent years, the need for a safe and modern composite barrier for the prevention of groundwater contamination and the provision of geo-environmental protection has been studied together with the need of designing a low-cost and effective liner for isolating landfill contents from the environment. In this study, various mix designs involving two natural adsorbents, Na-bentonite the pH-adjusted sawdust, were prepared for a series of geo-environmental experiments to be carried out to determine the adsorption capacity, buffering capacity, pH changes, and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) changes among others, in the presence of Pb(NO3)2 contaminant concentrations. Generally, the results showed an increase in adsorption capacity in the acidic segment of the treatment. An increase of 58% of the adsorption efficiency of the Na-bentonite in adsorbing the contaminant at the highest concentration was the most important achievement of the system while in the acidic segment.

scholarly journals Enhancing the Adsorption of Lead (II) by Bentonite Enriched with pH-adjusted Meranti Sawdust

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parsa Mohajeri ◽  
Mohammad Razip Selamat ◽  
Hamidi Abdul Aziz ◽  
Carol Smith
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Contamination ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Adsorption Efficiency ◽  
Ph Changes ◽  
Natural Adsorbents

In recent years, the need for safe and modern composite barrier for the prevention of groundwater contamination and the provision of Geo-environmental protection has been studied together with the need of designing low cost and effective liner for isolating landfill contents from the environment. In this study, various mix designs involving two natural adsorbents, the Na-Bentonite and the pH-adjusted sawdust were prepared for a series of Geo-environmental experiments to be carried out to determine the adsorption capacity, buffering capacity, pH changes, and COD changes among others, in the presence of Pb(NO3)2 contaminant concentrations. Generally, the results showed an increase in adsorption capacity in the acidic segment of the treatment. An increase of 58% of the adsorption efficiency of the Na-Bentonite in adsorbing the contaminant at the highest concentration was the most important achievement of the system while in the acidic segment.

scholarly journals Low cost chemical oxygen demand sensor based on electrodeposited nano-copper film

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamdy H. Hassan ◽  
Ibrahim H.A. Badr ◽  
Hesham T.M. Abdel-Fatah ◽  
Esmat M.S. Elfeky ◽  
Ali M. Abdel-Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Copper Film ◽  
Oxygen Demand

A low-cost sensor based on silver nanoparticles for determining chemical oxygen demand in wastewater via image processing analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (43) ◽  
pp. 5577-5583
Author(s):  
Eryka Thamyris Damascena Nóbrega ◽  
Iagê Terra Guedes de Oliveira ◽  
Anderson Dias Viana ◽  
Luiz Henrique da Silva Gasparotto ◽  
Edgar Perin Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Inorganic Pollutants ◽  
Water And Wastewater

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is a quality parameter of superficial water and wastewater that provides information on chemically degradable fractions of organic (and inorganic) pollutants.

scholarly journals The efficiency of the sand filtration unit mixed with different packing materials in drain water treatment in Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Abd el naser I. Ibrahim ◽  
Tarek Ismail M. Sabry ◽  
Ahmed S. El-Gendy ◽  
Sayed I. A. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Drain Water ◽  
Sand Filter ◽  
Filtration Unit

AbstractIn an attempt to improve the quality of the agricultural drain in Egypt for its reuse again in the irrigation, low-cost solution such as sand filter along with/without other filtration media has been used in this research. As a result of that, pilot plant of sand filter mixed with other filtration media was tested for its ability to improve the sand performance in removing the suspended solids and organic matters from agricultural drain water of the Belbeis drain (in Sharkia governorate in Egypt). Sand only, sand mixed with sponge, sand mixed with activated carbon and sand mixed with ceramic cylinders have been tested to find the best media combination and optimum mixing sand/ medium ratio and optimum infiltration rate. The work has been done on four runs. It was found that sand mixed with ceramic cylinders gave the best removal efficiency with respect to total chemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand for solution which were 77, 74%, respectively, whereas sand mixed with sponge had the best removal efficiency with respect to total suspended solids which was 89%. Also, all tested media combination had effluent quality that complied with Egyptian law 48 for the year 1982 regarding the disposal of wastewater into agricultural drains (chemical oxygen demand ≤ 80 mg/l, total suspended solids ≤ 50 mg/l).

scholarly journals Potential of Microalgae Cultivation in Dairy Wastewater as a Step in Low-Cost Biofuel Production

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Basma Abbas Abdulmajeed ◽  
Arwa Raad Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Microalgae Cultivation ◽  
Chlorella Sp

The present study addresses adopting the organic and nutritious materials in dairy wastewater as media for cultivation of microalgae, which represent an important source of renewable energy. This study was carried out through cultivation of three types of microalgae; Chlorella sp., Synechococcus, and Anabaena. The results shows the success the cultivation of the Synechococcus and  Chlorella Sp, while the Anabaena microalgae were in low-growth level. The highest growth was in the Synechococcus farm, followed by Chlorella and Anabaena. However, the growth of Synechococcus required 10 days to achieve this increase that represents a negative indicator of the adoption of this type of microalgae in this media to meet the desired aims. While Chlorella needs less than two days to start growing. Moreover, the data obtained from the experiment show that removal of chemical oxygen demand in Chlorella cultures was (72%) more than that obtained from cultivation of other microalgae. Thus this microalgae is more efficient in wastewater treatment than other types.  

scholarly journals Low-Cost Single Chamber MFC Integrated With Novel Lignin-Based Carbon Fiber Felt Bioanode for Treatment of Recalcitrant Azo Dye

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoom Fatima ◽  
Yohannes Kiros ◽  
Robina Farooq ◽  
Rakel W. Lindström
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Side Reaction ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Geobacter Sulfurreducens ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Carbon Fiber Felt

A flow through anaerobic microbial fuel cell (MFC) was designed and optimized for efficient treatment of recalcitrant textile wastewater. The membrane-less MFC was first time fabricated with a unique combination of electrodes, a novel bioanode of synthesized lignin-based electrospun carbon fiber supporting a biofilm of Geobacter sulfurreducens for acetate oxidation and an air-breathing cathode, consisting of a pyrolyzed macrocycle catalyst mixture on carbon bonded by polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The effects of different organic loadings of acetate along with Acid Orange (AO5), operation time and ionic strength of auxiliary salts (conductivity enhancers) were investigated and responses in terms of polarization and degradation were studied. In addition, the decomposition of the organic species and the degradation of AO5 along with its metabolites and degraded products (2-aminobenzenesulfonic acid) were determined by chemical oxygen demand (COD) analysis, UV-Vis spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography (UV-HPLC) techniques. SEM and TEM images were also used to find out the biocompatibility of the microbes on lignin-based electrospun carbon felt anode and the morphology of the cathode. Reduction and breakage of the azo bond of AO5 occurs presumably as a side reaction, resulting in the formation of 2-aminobenzenesulfonic acid and unidentified aromatic amines. Maximum current density of anode 0.59 Am−2 and power density of 0.12 Wm−2 were obtained under optimized conditions. As a result, decolouration of AO5 and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency was 81 and 58%, respectively. These results revealed that the low-cost MFC assembly can offer significant potential for anaerobic decolouration of recalcitrant textile wastewater.

KİŞ ÇAYININ DİB ÇÖKÜNTÜLƏRİ

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-105
Author(s):  
E.S Qənbərov ◽  
R.B., Hümbətova ◽  
G.M Qasımova ◽  
C.H. Haqverdiyeva
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Ion Content ◽  
Content Ratio ◽  
Surrounding Areas

Abstract: Transportations of rivers are composed of small fractions with high adsorption capacity. These particles settle in the beds and on the banks of the rivers during displacement and collects complex chemical compounds. particles that are equal to or smaller than 0.02 mm in size have good adsorption capacity. but as a result of further hydraulic and hydro-chemical impacts, these particles desorbs and pollute water for the second time. In Germany, the content of bottom sediments is examined every 3 to 5 years during monitoring of the studies of river water. During the monitoring, samples of bottom sediment taken from different spots of the river are analyzed and based on the results of these analyses, polluted parts of the river are determined. Comparison of measured value of the elements with the norms accepted is made to determine which part of the river is polluted. Classification is provided based on the pollution degree of the bottom sediments. Adsorption of salts and organic substances by the bottom sediments shows the adsorption capacity of the bottom sediments. Thus, taking into account the abovementioned, it is planned to determine and compare the adsorption capacity of the bottom sediments in difference locations of the Kish River. Studies of the bottom sediments of the Kish River are provided. Study of the chemical composition of the bottom sediments in the rivers determines the adsorption capacity of the bottom sediments. It is known that during spring and autumn when the water level is higher in the rivers, the water received by the river washes the suspended solids from the riverbed and surrounding areas. These suspended solids are composed of organic and inorganic matters. Analyses were conducted to study the content of the bottom sediments of the Kish River. During the analyses, anions (CL– , SO2+4, HCO– 3) and cations (Na++K+ , Mg2+, Ca2+), their groups and classes according to O.A.Alyokin, relationships, some chemical characteristics, salt content, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), bacteriological parameters were studied. The results of the analyses were compared and the amount of the salts adsorbed by the bottom sediments of this river was determined. Key words: water objects, bottom sediments, ion content, ratio of anionsand cations, salt content, chemical oxygen demand (COD) biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5).

scholarly journals Chemical oxygen demand reduction from coffee processing waste water – A comparative study on usage of biosorbents prepared from agricultural wastes

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-300 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Simultaneous Occurrence ◽  
Agitation Rate ◽  
Intra Particle Diffusion ◽  
Fruit Powder ◽  
Sorghum Stem Powder

<div> <p>The utilization of three novel and distinct agricultural waste materials, namely casuarina fruit powder (CFP), sorghum stem powder (SSP) and banana stem powder (BSP) as low cost adsorbents for reducing chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels of coffee industry wastewater has been examined. Prepared adsorbents were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopic (EDAX) and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_transform_infrared_spectroscopy" target="_blank">Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy</a>. The effects of parameters like adsorbent dose, pH, temperature, agitation rate and time of adsorption on the reduction of COD levels were analyzed for each adsorbent individually and the efficiency order is CFP&gt;SSP&gt;BSP. Based on the extent of compatibility to Freundlich/Langmuir adsorption isotherm and different models (pseudo-first order and second order, Boyd, Weber&rsquo;s and Elovich), simultaneous occurrence of chemisorption and physisorption was proposed. Based on the observations, it is proposed that three kinetic stages involve in adsorption process viz., diffusion of sorbate to sorbent, intra particle diffusion and then establishment of equilibrium. As these three adsorbents exhibit adsorption capacity more than 80%, the adsorbents prepared from agricultural wastes have promising role towards reduction of COD from industrial wastewater to contribute environmental protection. &nbsp;</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

Electrospun polyethersulfone/Ag-Clinoptilolite to remove chemical oxygen demand from real wastewater

2021 ◽  
pp. 096739112110601
Author(s):  
Mojgan Zendehdel ◽  
Faezeh Hossein Nouri
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electrospinning Method ◽  
Edx Analyses ◽  
Dope Solution ◽  
Real Wastewater ◽  
Green Polymer

Ag-Clinoptilolite/Polyethersulfone (PES/Clin/AgNPs) nanofiber was synthesized through the electrospinning method. The effect of solvent, the amount of Ag-Clinoptilolite, and PES were investigated. Parameters such as electric field, spinning distance, and concentration of the dope solution were studied in order to demonstrate their effects on the electrospinning ability and morphology of the nanofiber. The structure of PES/Clin/AgNPs nanofiber was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses. In the optimum conditions, the nanofibers could be prepared at the size of 250–800 nm. Then, their ability to remove chemical oxygen demand (COD) from real wastewater was studied. The result revealed about 85% removal of COD at pH = 10 and in 10 min for PES/Clin/AgNPs (25%). A successful fabrication method using low-cost natural zeolite and the green polymer was introduced. The reusability of the column was assessed.

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