scholarly journals Chemical oxygen demand reduction from coffee processing waste water – A comparative study on usage of biosorbents prepared from agricultural wastes

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-300 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Simultaneous Occurrence ◽  
Agitation Rate ◽  
Intra Particle Diffusion ◽  
Fruit Powder ◽  
Sorghum Stem Powder

<div> <p>The utilization of three novel and distinct agricultural waste materials, namely casuarina fruit powder (CFP), sorghum stem powder (SSP) and banana stem powder (BSP) as low cost adsorbents for reducing chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels of coffee industry wastewater has been examined. Prepared adsorbents were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopic (EDAX) and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_transform_infrared_spectroscopy" target="_blank">Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy</a>. The effects of parameters like adsorbent dose, pH, temperature, agitation rate and time of adsorption on the reduction of COD levels were analyzed for each adsorbent individually and the efficiency order is CFP&gt;SSP&gt;BSP. Based on the extent of compatibility to Freundlich/Langmuir adsorption isotherm and different models (pseudo-first order and second order, Boyd, Weber&rsquo;s and Elovich), simultaneous occurrence of chemisorption and physisorption was proposed. Based on the observations, it is proposed that three kinetic stages involve in adsorption process viz., diffusion of sorbate to sorbent, intra particle diffusion and then establishment of equilibrium. As these three adsorbents exhibit adsorption capacity more than 80%, the adsorbents prepared from agricultural wastes have promising role towards reduction of COD from industrial wastewater to contribute environmental protection. &nbsp;</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

scholarly journals Kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamics investigation on adsorption of divalent copper using agro-waste biomaterials, Musa acuminata, Casuarina equisetifolia L. and Sorghum bicolor

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramya Prasanthi Mokkapati ◽  
Jayasravanthi Mokkapati ◽  
Venkata Nadh Ratnakaram
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Simultaneous Occurrence ◽  
Intra Particle Diffusion ◽  
Fruit Powder ◽  
Casuarinas Fruit Powder ◽  
Sorghum Stem Powder ◽  
Temkin Adsorption Isotherm

Abstract Three novel and distinct agricultural waste materials, viz., Casuarinas fruit powder (CFP), sorghum stem powder (SSP) and banana stem powder (BSP) were used as low cost adsorbents for the removal of toxic copper(II) from aqueous solutions. Acid treated adsorbents were characterized by SEM, EDX and FTIR. Different factors effecting adsorption capacity were analyzed and the efficiency order was BSP>SSP>CFP. Based on the extent of compatibility to Freundlich/Langmuir/D-R/Temkin adsorption isotherm and different models (pseudo-first and second order, Boyd, Weber’s and Elovich), chemisorption primarily involved in the case of CFP and SSP, whereas, simultaneous occurrence of chemisorption and physisorption was proposed in the case of BSP. Based on the observations, it was proposed that three kinetic stages involve in adsorption process viz., diffusion of sorbate to sorbent, intra particle diffusion and then establishment of equilibrium. These adsorbents have promising role towards removal of Cu(II) from industrial wastewater to contribute environmental protection.

scholarly journals Low cost chemical oxygen demand sensor based on electrodeposited nano-copper film

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamdy H. Hassan ◽  
Ibrahim H.A. Badr ◽  
Hesham T.M. Abdel-Fatah ◽  
Esmat M.S. Elfeky ◽  
Ali M. Abdel-Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Copper Film ◽  
Oxygen Demand

scholarly journals Treatment of Landfill Leachate Using Palm Oil Mill Effluent

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tawfiq J. H. Banch ◽  
Marlia M. Hanafiah ◽  
Salem S. Abu Amr ◽  
Abbas F. M. Alkarkhi ◽  
Mohammed Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Aeration Time ◽  
Urban Solid Waste ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

Sanitary landfilling is the most common method of removing urban solid waste in developing countries. Landfills contain high levels of organic materials, ammonia, and heavy metals, thereby producing leachate which causes a possible future pollution of ground and surface water. Recently, agricultural waste was considered a co-substratum to promote the biodegradation of organics in industrial wastewater. The use of low-cost and natural materials for wastewater treatment is now being considered by many researchers. In this study, palm oil mill effluent (POME) was used for treating stabilized leachate from old landfill. A set of preliminary experiments using different POME/leachate ratios and aeration times was performed to identify the setting of experimental design and optimize the effect of employing POME on four responses: chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), color, and ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N). The treatment efficiency was evaluated based on the removal of four selected (responses) parameters. The optimum removal efficiency for COD, TSS, color, and NH3-N was 87.15%, 65.54%, 52.78%, and 91.75%, respectively, using a POME/leachate mixing ratio of 188.32 mL/811.68 mL and 21 days of aeration time. The results demonstrate that POME-based agricultural waste can be effectively employed for organic removal from leachate.

A low-cost sensor based on silver nanoparticles for determining chemical oxygen demand in wastewater via image processing analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (43) ◽  
pp. 5577-5583
Author(s):  
Eryka Thamyris Damascena Nóbrega ◽  
Iagê Terra Guedes de Oliveira ◽  
Anderson Dias Viana ◽  
Luiz Henrique da Silva Gasparotto ◽  
Edgar Perin Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Inorganic Pollutants ◽  
Water And Wastewater

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is a quality parameter of superficial water and wastewater that provides information on chemically degradable fractions of organic (and inorganic) pollutants.

scholarly journals Enhancing the Adsorption of Lead (II) by Bentonite Enriched with pH-Adjusted Meranti Sawdust

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1875 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mohajeri ◽  
C. Smith ◽  
M. Selamat ◽  
H. Abdul Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Groundwater Contamination ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Adsorption Efficiency ◽  
Ph Changes ◽  
Natural Adsorbents

In recent years, the need for a safe and modern composite barrier for the prevention of groundwater contamination and the provision of geo-environmental protection has been studied together with the need of designing a low-cost and effective liner for isolating landfill contents from the environment. In this study, various mix designs involving two natural adsorbents, Na-bentonite the pH-adjusted sawdust, were prepared for a series of geo-environmental experiments to be carried out to determine the adsorption capacity, buffering capacity, pH changes, and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) changes among others, in the presence of Pb(NO3)2 contaminant concentrations. Generally, the results showed an increase in adsorption capacity in the acidic segment of the treatment. An increase of 58% of the adsorption efficiency of the Na-bentonite in adsorbing the contaminant at the highest concentration was the most important achievement of the system while in the acidic segment.

scholarly journals The efficiency of the sand filtration unit mixed with different packing materials in drain water treatment in Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Abd el naser I. Ibrahim ◽  
Tarek Ismail M. Sabry ◽  
Ahmed S. El-Gendy ◽  
Sayed I. A. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Drain Water ◽  
Sand Filter ◽  
Filtration Unit

AbstractIn an attempt to improve the quality of the agricultural drain in Egypt for its reuse again in the irrigation, low-cost solution such as sand filter along with/without other filtration media has been used in this research. As a result of that, pilot plant of sand filter mixed with other filtration media was tested for its ability to improve the sand performance in removing the suspended solids and organic matters from agricultural drain water of the Belbeis drain (in Sharkia governorate in Egypt). Sand only, sand mixed with sponge, sand mixed with activated carbon and sand mixed with ceramic cylinders have been tested to find the best media combination and optimum mixing sand/ medium ratio and optimum infiltration rate. The work has been done on four runs. It was found that sand mixed with ceramic cylinders gave the best removal efficiency with respect to total chemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand for solution which were 77, 74%, respectively, whereas sand mixed with sponge had the best removal efficiency with respect to total suspended solids which was 89%. Also, all tested media combination had effluent quality that complied with Egyptian law 48 for the year 1982 regarding the disposal of wastewater into agricultural drains (chemical oxygen demand ≤ 80 mg/l, total suspended solids ≤ 50 mg/l).

scholarly journals Potential of Microalgae Cultivation in Dairy Wastewater as a Step in Low-Cost Biofuel Production

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Basma Abbas Abdulmajeed ◽  
Arwa Raad Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Microalgae Cultivation ◽  
Chlorella Sp

The present study addresses adopting the organic and nutritious materials in dairy wastewater as media for cultivation of microalgae, which represent an important source of renewable energy. This study was carried out through cultivation of three types of microalgae; Chlorella sp., Synechococcus, and Anabaena. The results shows the success the cultivation of the Synechococcus and  Chlorella Sp, while the Anabaena microalgae were in low-growth level. The highest growth was in the Synechococcus farm, followed by Chlorella and Anabaena. However, the growth of Synechococcus required 10 days to achieve this increase that represents a negative indicator of the adoption of this type of microalgae in this media to meet the desired aims. While Chlorella needs less than two days to start growing. Moreover, the data obtained from the experiment show that removal of chemical oxygen demand in Chlorella cultures was (72%) more than that obtained from cultivation of other microalgae. Thus this microalgae is more efficient in wastewater treatment than other types.  

scholarly journals Low-Cost Single Chamber MFC Integrated With Novel Lignin-Based Carbon Fiber Felt Bioanode for Treatment of Recalcitrant Azo Dye

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoom Fatima ◽  
Yohannes Kiros ◽  
Robina Farooq ◽  
Rakel W. Lindström
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Side Reaction ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Geobacter Sulfurreducens ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Carbon Fiber Felt

A flow through anaerobic microbial fuel cell (MFC) was designed and optimized for efficient treatment of recalcitrant textile wastewater. The membrane-less MFC was first time fabricated with a unique combination of electrodes, a novel bioanode of synthesized lignin-based electrospun carbon fiber supporting a biofilm of Geobacter sulfurreducens for acetate oxidation and an air-breathing cathode, consisting of a pyrolyzed macrocycle catalyst mixture on carbon bonded by polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The effects of different organic loadings of acetate along with Acid Orange (AO5), operation time and ionic strength of auxiliary salts (conductivity enhancers) were investigated and responses in terms of polarization and degradation were studied. In addition, the decomposition of the organic species and the degradation of AO5 along with its metabolites and degraded products (2-aminobenzenesulfonic acid) were determined by chemical oxygen demand (COD) analysis, UV-Vis spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography (UV-HPLC) techniques. SEM and TEM images were also used to find out the biocompatibility of the microbes on lignin-based electrospun carbon felt anode and the morphology of the cathode. Reduction and breakage of the azo bond of AO5 occurs presumably as a side reaction, resulting in the formation of 2-aminobenzenesulfonic acid and unidentified aromatic amines. Maximum current density of anode 0.59 Am−2 and power density of 0.12 Wm−2 were obtained under optimized conditions. As a result, decolouration of AO5 and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency was 81 and 58%, respectively. These results revealed that the low-cost MFC assembly can offer significant potential for anaerobic decolouration of recalcitrant textile wastewater.

scholarly journals Greener Method for the Removal of Toxic Metal Ions from the Wastewater by Application of Agricultural Waste as an Adsorbent

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabia Baby Shaikh ◽  
Bullo Saifullah ◽  
Fawad Rehman ◽  
Ruqia Iqbal Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Agitation Rate ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Economic Barriers

The presence of inorganic pollutants such as metal ions (Ni2+, Pb2+, Cr6+) in water, probably by long-term geochemical changes and from the effluents of various industries, causes diseases and disorders (e.g., cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, muscular dystrophy, hepatitis, and multiple sclerosis). Conventional methods for their removal are limited by technical and economic barriers. In biosorption, low-cost and efficient biomaterials are used for this purpose. In this study, Brassica Campestris stems from the agriculture waste and has been used for the removal of Ni2+, Cr6+ and Pb2+ ions from an aqueous solution containing all the ions. Effect of different parameters, e.g., pH, contact time, metal ion initial concentration, adsorbent dose, agitation rate and temperature were analyzed and optimized. The adsorbent worked well for removal of the Pb2+ and Cr6+ as compared to Ni2+. The atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) and FTIR investigation of adsorbent before and after shows a clear difference in the adsorbent capability. The highest adsorption percentage was found at 98%, 91%, and 49% respectively, under the optimized parameters. Furthermore, the Langmuir isotherm was found better in fitting to the experimental data than that of the Freundlich isotherm.

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