ЗНАЧЕНИЕ ГИДРОГЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПРИРОДНЫХ ПАМЯТНИКОВ В РАЗВИТИИ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ТУРИЗМА

Since the very beginning of tourism, nature has been the main driving force behind travel. Obviously, natural monuments are one of the attractive places for tourists. Today ecotourism based on natural monuments and attractions has become one of the leading sectors of the economy in many countries of the world. Travels associated with natural monuments are now the most promising and intensively developing areas of recreational activities. Keywords: ecotourism, natural monuments, hydro-geological monuments, mineral spring, kyahriz

SEL VƏ DAŞQIN AXINLARINDA DAĞ ÇAYLARI MƏCRASININ YUYULMA DƏRİNLİYİNİN TƏYİNİ

The article is dedicated to the determination of the wash depth of mountain rivers in floods and overflows. As well-known, hydrotechnical equipment is exposed to destructive damages of the floods and overflows. The undersurface of bridge basement and coast guards are washed away, the surface of drainage devices in water supply and dams (Düker) at river crossings are opened up. Therefore, the protection of the equipment against the destructive damage of the floods and overflows should be ensured. To this aim, first of all, the depth of the fortification of the equipment basement in riverbeds and the width through which the river can flow should be determined and the works of installing coast guards should be accordingly implemented. Since the flow regime of rivers due to floods in the course of mountain riverbeds dramatically changes, the width, depth, roughness and cross-sectional area of the riverbed also changes. To that reason, in the smallest case, calculation formulas includes the average width and wash depth of the riverbed in the course of the floods and overflows, average diameter of undersurface soils, the slope of the location of hydrotechnical structures, velocity due to the average diameter of the riverbed soils and so on. The article contains the analyses of theoretical and practical materials about the floods and overflows in mountain rivers. For the rivers flowing through the southern hills of Great Caucasus Mountains, the expressions for determining the riverbed parameters and hydrological parameters of rivers are used. According to the expressions, average width due to non-washing of the riverbed in floods in accordance with flood flow and slope of the studied part of the riverbed, the average depth of the riverbed crossing the flood, the average velocity of the flow and the wash depth in accordance with them are determined. basing on all these, the determining method of the wash depth of mountain riverbeds in floods have been worked out and determining the wash depth have been recorded. The studied methodology can be used in determining the riverbed parameters in floods and overflows. Keywords: Flood, riverbed deformation, mountain river, wash depth, average diameter of undersurface sediments, riverbed stability, flood velocity

ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТЬ ГОДОВОГО СТОКА РЕКИ АЛАЗАНИ (ГАНЫХ)

The analysis of spatial and temporal regularities of the annual runoff of the transboundary river Alazani (Ganikh), which flows through the territory of Georgia and Azerbaijan, has been carried out. The series on the average annual water discharge of 6 hydrological gauges for the period from 1925 to 2017/2019 was used. It was found that for the researched rivers, the fluctuations of the average annual water discharges are in phase, however, the absence of strict synchronicity in the fluctuations of the annual runoff leads to a decrease in the spatial correlation coefficients. In the studied series of river Alazani (Ganikh) both on the territory of Georgia and Azerbaijan, there is no trend; however, for a number of annual runoff of the Ayrichai River, the main tributary of the r. Alazani (Ganikh), a significant positive trend was revealed. It should be noted that the reason for the nonstationarity is the climate change, the impact of which on runoff has become noticeable in recent decades. It was found that the variance of the second half of the analyzed series increased. The annual runoff of the Alazani (Ganikh) River has changed very little over 1991-2017 / 2019 compared with the period 1961-1990. For the Ayrichai River, the second period is characterized by increased water content. Keywords: River Alazani (Ganikh), Annual runoff, Water discharge, Transboundary river, Runoff change.

VİLƏŞÇAY SU ANBARININ SUYUNUN KEYFİYYƏTİNİN KİMYƏVİ GÖSTƏRİCİLƏRƏ GÖRƏ QİYMƏTLƏNDİRİLMƏSİ

The article is devoted to the assessment of water quality according to chemical indicators in the vileshchay water reservoir, which is the main source of drinking water supply in Masalli region. The study used the results of the analysis of water samples covering the years 1994-2017 of the Shikhlar hydrological station operating on the vileshchay, the main source of nutrition of the reservoir. The basic ions and water hardness were determined. The results of the analysis were compared with the existing Sanitary Norms and Regulations, as well as with the World health Organization's permissible Solidarity limit, and the results obtained were analyzed. unlike other lankaran rivers, vileshchay water belongs to the chlorine class of the sodium and potassium group, as the river is dominated by chlorine from anions and sodium and potassium from cations during the year. Keywords: Vileshchay reservoir, water quality, ionic composition, water hardness, permissible concentration limit.

CEYRANBATAN SU ANBARI SUYUNUN SANİTAR-KİMYƏVİ VƏ HİDROBİOLOJİ XÜSUSİYYƏTLƏRİ

The article presents fragments of the research with some sanitarychemical and hydrobiological characteristics of the water of the Jeyranbatan reservoir, which has an exceptional role in the production of water by the population of baku and Absheron region. At the same time, the commented materials contain information on the hydro-ecological condition of the water of the Jeyranbatan reservoir, which provides drinking water to about 65% of the population of the region. During the assessment of the aquatic environment in the samples taken in the spring of 2020, important indicators such as initial product and destruction parameters were identified. The research was conducted with methods widely used in international practice. Research has been carried out to develop practical recommendations for the study of saprophytic bacteria, which are considered autochthonous microbiota, as well as a number of physiological groups of azotobacter, phenol-absorbing, denitrating, cellulose-degrading bacteria and fungi in water samples. Key words: Jeyranbatan water reservoir, biogenic elements, production, destruction, autochthon, microbiota.

KİŞ ÇAYININ DİB ÇÖKÜNTÜLƏRİ

Transportations of rivers are composed of small fractions with high adsorption capacity. These particles settle in the beds and on the banks of the rivers during displacement and collects complex chemical compounds. particles that are equal to or smaller than 0.02 mm in size have good adsorption capacity. but as a result of further hydraulic and hydro-chemical impacts, these particles desorbs and pollute water for the second time. In Germany, the content of bottom sediments is examined every 3 to 5 years during monitoring of the studies of river water. During the monitoring, samples of bottom sediment taken from different spots of the river are analyzed and based on the results of these analyses, polluted parts of the river are determined. Comparison of measured value of the elements with the norms accepted is made to determine which part of the river is polluted. Classification is provided based on the pollution degree of the bottom sediments. Adsorption of salts and organic substances by the bottom sediments shows the adsorption capacity of the bottom sediments. Thus, taking into account the abovementioned, it is planned to determine and compare the adsorption capacity of the bottom sediments in difference locations of the Kish River. Studies of the bottom sediments of the Kish River are provided. Study of the chemical composition of the bottom sediments in the rivers determines the adsorption capacity of the bottom sediments. It is known that during spring and autumn when the water level is higher in the rivers, the water received by the river washes the suspended solids from the riverbed and surrounding areas. These suspended solids are composed of organic and inorganic matters. Analyses were conducted to study the content of the bottom sediments of the Kish River. During the analyses, anions (CL– , SO2+4, HCO– 3) and cations (Na++K+ , Mg2+, Ca2+), their groups and classes according to O.A.Alyokin, relationships, some chemical characteristics, salt content, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), bacteriological parameters were studied. The results of the analyses were compared and the amount of the salts adsorbed by the bottom sediments of this river was determined. Key words: water objects, bottom sediments, ion content, ratio of anionsand cations, salt content, chemical oxygen demand (COD) biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5).