scholarly journals Crop Coefficients and Transpiration of a Super Intensive Arbequina Olive Orchard using the Dual Kc Approach and the Kcb Computation with the Fraction of Ground Cover and Height

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Paço ◽  
Paula Paredes ◽  
Luis Pereira ◽  
José Silvestre ◽  
Francisco Santos

The SIMDualKc model was used to simulate crop water requirements for a super high density olive orchard in the region of Alentejo, Portugal. This model uses the dual crop coefficient approach to estimate and partitioning the actual crop evapotranspiration (ETc act) and therefore to perform the soil water balance. The model was calibrated with 2011 tree transpiration using trunk sap flow measurements and was validated using similar data from 2012 and tested with 2013 data. Low root mean square errors (RMSE < 0.53 mm·d−1) and acceptable modelling efficiency indicators (EF > 0.25) were obtained. Further validation was performed comparing modelled ETc act with eddy covariance measurements. These indicators support the appropriateness of using SIMDualKc to guide irrigation management. The basal crop coefficient (Kcb) curves obtained with SIMDualKc for those 3 years were compared with the Kcb values computed with the Allen and Pereira approach (A&P approach) where Kcb is estimated from the fraction of ground cover and plant height considering an adjustment factor for crop stomatal control (Fr). Fr values were obtained through a trial and error procedure through comparing the Kcb estimated with this approach and with SIMDualKc. The Kcb curves obtained by both methods resulted highly correlated, which indicates that the A&P approach may be used in the irrigation management practice to estimate crop water requirements. Results of performing the soil water balance with SIMDualKc have shown that soil evaporation is a large fraction of ETc act, varying between 41% and 45% for the 3 years under study. Irrigation, applied with a drip system, represented 39 to 56% of ETc act, which shows the great importance of irrigation to achieve the water requirements of super intensive olive orchards. Nevertheless, the analysis has shown that the irrigation management adopted at the orchard produces a water deficit larger than desirable, with a ratio of ETc act to non-stressed crop evapotranspiration (ETc) varying from 70% to 94% during the mid-season, when that ratio for a eustress irrigation management could be around 90%.

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Barros Silva ◽  
José Leonaldo de Souza ◽  
Ricardo Araújo Ferreira Júnior ◽  
Marcos Alex dos Santos ◽  
Renan Cantalice de Souza ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT: Determining actual crop evapotranspiration (ETa) is paramount for irrigation management. The principal measurement methods and physical models generally require crop and weather data that are not readily available. We determined the crop coefficient (Kc) of sweet oranges during the initial development stage and evaluated the performance of the Poulovassilis semi-empirical model coupled with a simple soil water balance for estimating the ETa. The ETa was inferred from the variation in the soil water content over time, measured by time-domain reflectometry. In the Poulovassilis model, the ETa is obtained by multiplying the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) by an adjustment coefficient (ca), which accounts for a reduction in the evapotranspiration caused by soil water depletion. Soil water storage was obtained using the daily and 10-day soil water balances, computed by considering inputs and outputs of water from the system. The empirical parameter, ca, was determined using inverse modeling. The optimal ca value obtained through inverse modeling was 0.05 and 0.03 for the daily and 10-day soil water balances, respectively. The model performed better for the daily soil water balance than the 10-day balance, with performance comparable with the other ETa models. Average Kc during the sweet orange initial crop stage was 0.85.


Irriga ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcio José De Santana ◽  
Uander Da Costa Pereira ◽  
José Daniel Cambraia Beirigo ◽  
Stefany Silva De Souza ◽  
Talita Mendes Campos ◽  
...  

1 RESUMO Um dos métodos de manejo da irrigação mais utilizado é o tanque classe A, necessitando dos valores dos coeficientes de cultura para cálculo da evapotranspiração. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar os coeficientes de cultura (Kc) do tomateiro irrigado para a região de Uberaba, MG. Os dados do balanço de água no solo foram obtidos em uma área experimental com a cultura em tratamentos envolvendo níveis de reposição de água no solo (40%, 70%, 100%, 130%, 160% e 190% da lâmina necessária para elevar a umidade do solo para a condição equivalente à capacidade de campo). Os dados de tensão de água no solo foram coletados nas parcelas de 100% de reposição. A evapotranspiração de referência foi obtida pelo método do tanque classe A e a evapotranspiração da cultura por meio do balanço da água no solo. Concluiu-se que os valores de Kc para as fases inicial, desenvolvimento, intermediário, final e colheita foram, respectivamente, de 0,37; 0,72; 1,03; 1,10 e 0,75. UNITERMOS: Lycopersicon esculentum L., coeficiente de cultura, déficit hídrico.  SANTANA, M.J.; PEREIRA, U.C.; BEIRIGO, J.D.C.; SOUZA, S.S.; CAMPOS, T.M.;VIEIRA, T.A. CROP COEFFICIENT FOR IRRIGATED TOMATO  2 ABSTRACT One of the most utilized irrigation management methods is the class A Pan, which requires crop coefficients to estimate crop evapotranspiration. The objective of this work was to determine crop coefficients  (Kc) of irrigated tomato in the region of Uberaba, MG. Soil water balance data were obtained in an experimental area with the culture under six levels of soil water replacement (40%, 70%, 100%, 130%, 160% and 190% of the depth necessary to raise the soil moisture to the field capacity condition). The soil water tension data were collected in plots of 100% replacement. The reference evapotranspiration was obtained by the class A Pan method and culture evapotranspiration was obtained utilizing soil water balance. Kc values for the initial, development, intermediate, final, and harvest phases were respectively of  0.37; 0.72; 1.03; 1.10 and 0.75. KEY- WORDS: LycopersiconesculentumL., crop coefficient, water deficit.


Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-678
Author(s):  
Alisson Silva ◽  
Valéria Almeida Jatobá ◽  
Francisco Airderson Lima Nascimento ◽  
Allan Radax Freitas Campos ◽  
Jilcélio Almeida

THREE-DIMENSIONAL WATER EXTRACTION IN THE ROOT ZONE OF DRIP-IRRIGATED TOMATO     FRANCISCO AIRDESSON LIMA DO NASCIMENTO¹; ALISSON JADAVI PEREIRA DA SILA²; VALERIA ALMEIDA JATOBA³; ALLAN RADAX FREITAS CAMPOS4 E JILCÉLIO NUNES DE ALMEIDA³   1- Doutorando em Engenharia Agrícola pela Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia (UFRB),  Rua Rui Barbosa, 710, Centro, 44.380-000, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brasil, [email protected];   2- Professor Doutor do Intituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Baiano (IF Baiano), Campus Governador Mangabeira, Rua Waldemar Mascarenhas, 656, Centro, 44350-000, Gov. Mangabeira, Bahia, Brasil, [email protected]; 3- Licenciado(a) em Ciências Agrárias pelo Intituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Baiano (IF Baiano), Campus Senhor do Bonfim, Estrada da Igara, s/n, Zona Rural, 48970-000, Senhor do Bonfim, Bahia, Brasil, [email protected]; 4- Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola pela Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia (URFB),  Rua Rui Barbosa, 710, Centro, 44.380-000, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brasil, [email protected].     1 ABSTRACT   Soil water sensing is a common alternative for irrigation management. Due to the difficulty to determine the spatial-temporal variability of water extraction (WE) in the root zone of a crop it is still arbitrary the definition of number and position of water content sensors to be installed for irrigation management purposes. The main objectives of this work are to use Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) to detail –  in three-dimensions – WE in the root zone of tomato plants cultivated in covered and uncovered soil; and, to evaluate if there are differences in the values of tomato crop evapotranspiration (ET) determined through soil water balance (SWB) with one, two, three and four TDR probe monitoring profiles. The study was carried out under semiarid condition. Tomatoes were grown in the field and two drainage lysimeters were installed in the center of cultivation area. In one lysimeter the soil surface was maintained uncovered, while in the other the soil surface was covered with a black plastic canvas. Eight TDR probes were installed within each lysimeter for the three-dimensional monitoring of soil water content (SWC). WE was estimated with SWC data. It was found that WE in tomato root zone is more intense in regions of greater water availability in the soil, i.e, on wet wet bulb formed inside the soil. There are no differences in the estimation of tomato crop evapotranspiration through soil water balance varying the position of two-dimensional soil water content monitoring. However, when soil water balance is performed in three-dimensions there may be large differences in daily tomato crop evapotranspiration estimation compared to the two-dimensional soil water balance.   Keywords: tomato, sensor placement, irrigation management.      NASCIMENTO, F.A. L.; SILVA, A. J.P.; JATOBA, V.A.;  CAMPOS, A.R.F.; ALMEIDA, J.N EXTRAÇÃO TRI-DIMENSIONAL DE ÁGUA NA ZONA RADICULAR DO TOMATEIRO IRRIGADO POR GOTEJAMENTO   2 RESUMO   O sensoriamento de água no solo é uma comum alternativa para o manejo da irrigação. Devido à dificuldade em se determinar a variabilidade espaço-temporal da extração de água na zona radicular dos cultivos, ainda é arbitrária a definição do número e posicionamento de sensores de água no solo a serem instalados para fins de manejo de irrigação. Diante disso, objetivou-se com o referido trabalho utilizar a Reflectometria no Domínio do Tempo (TDR) para detalhar, em três dimensões, a extração de água pelo tomateiro em cultivo com solo coberto e descoberto, e verificar se existem diferenças nos valores de evapotranspiração da cultura determinados pelo balanço de água no solo com um, dois, três e quatro perfis de monitoramento. O trabalho foi conduzido em condição semiárida nas fases de floração e frutificação da cultura. Montou-se um sistema de aquisição de dados, composto por uma TDR 100 e um datalogger modelo CR 800 para leitura e armazenamento de dados do conteúdo de água no solo. Dois lisímetros de drenagem foram instalados no centro de uma área de cultivo, sendo um mantido com a superfície do solo coberto com lona plástica. Em cada lisímetro, foram distribuídas oito sondas de TDR de modo a formar quatro perfis de monitoramento na zona radicular do tomateiro. A extração de água da zona radicular do tomateiro é mais intensa na região de maior disponibilidade de água, especificamente, na região do bulbo molhado. Não há diferença nos valores de evapotranspiração do tomateiro estimado variando-se a posição do perfil bi-dimensional. Entratanto, ao se comparar valores diários de evapotranspiração do tomateiro estimado com balanço de água no solo realizado em duas e três-dimensões, verificou-se haver  largas diferenças.   Palavras-chave: tomate, extração de água no solo, manejo da irrigação.


2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Schons de Ávila ◽  
Mirta Teresinha Petry ◽  
Reimar Carlesso ◽  
Juliano Dalcin Martins ◽  
María Gabriela González ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to simulate the variation of the available soil water during maize crop growth, in two different sowing times (first and second growing season), using a drip irrigation system. The treatments consisted of different irrigation strategies (full to deficit). The SIMDualKc simulation model was used to determine the daily soil water balance and crop evapotranspiration using the dual crop coefficient approach. Soil, climate, crop and irrigation parameters were used as input data. Two experiments were carried out in a rainout shelter composed of two metallic structures (16x10m) in the city of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, during 2010/11 (second crop, season 1) and 2011/12 (first crop, season 2) growing seasons, under no-tillage system. The simulations showed that all the irrigation management strategies used in season 2 resulted in soil water deficit, while only two strategies showed deficit in season 1. Results showed good agreement between observed and simulated soil water data, with an R2 ranging from 0.86 to 0.99 and the root mean square error ranging from 2.7 to 5.6% of the total available water for seasons 1 and 2, respectively. The observed results of water balance showed that maize grown in season 2 presented higher water consumption compared to season 1, due to the higher atmospheric demand of season 2. The SIMDualKc model allowed the partitioning of crop evapotranspiration into soil evaporation and crop transpiration, demonstrating that the vegetative growth subperiod presented the greatest differences between the two seasons compared to the others growth phases.


Author(s):  
Kleiton Rocha Saraiva ◽  
Francisco Marcus Lima Bezerra ◽  
Francisco de Souza ◽  
Luis de França Camboim Neto ◽  
Clayton Moura de Carvalho ◽  
...  

The research aimed to validate the ISAREG model, introducing it to water management studies in irrigation in the State of Ceará, comparing results of experimental research, with results of simulations, carried out with the use of software, analyzing the following variables: crop evapotranspiration, variation of soil water storage and water flow in the soil. A bibliographic survey was carried out to obtain soil, climate and crop information required by the model to perform the soil water balance. Aiming at the validation of ISAREG, the model was fed with the following data: reference evapotranspiration, precipitation, phenological phases of the crop, effective depth of the root system, water availability factor in the soil, crop coefficient and soil information. Subsequently, the irrigation management option "dates and irrigation depths" was selected, and ISAREG performed the simulation of the soil water balance. The ISAREG demonstrated a detailed soil water balance, being validated in this study, because when its results were compared to the experimental ones, there was similarity in the trends of the variables analyzed, despite the reduced correlation verified regarding the variation of water storage in the soil.


Author(s):  
Jesús Garrido-Rubio ◽  
Alfonso Calera Belmonte ◽  
Lorena Fraile Enguita ◽  
Irene Arellano Alcázar ◽  
Mario Belmonte Mancebo ◽  
...  

Abstract. Temporal series maps of irrigated areas, and the corresponding irrigation water requirements based on remote sensing, is a recognized tool contributing to water governance at different scales, from water user associations to whole river basin districts. These thematic cartographies offer a first estimation of the crop irrigation requirements, and a biophysical based approach of the temporal and spatial distribution of the crop water use in the cultivated areas. This work describes the operational application of these methodologies, providing valuable information for water governance and management purposes. The basic products obtained in the whole Spanish part of the Iberian Peninsula during the period 2014–2017 were: (i) annual maps of irrigated crops based on time series of multispectral satellite imagery; and (ii) the direct remote sensing-based water accounting, by quantifying agricultural water flows (e.g. rainfall, irrigation, evapotranspiration, drainage and recharge), through a remote sensing-based soil water balance. Hence this paper provides a remote sensing based water accounting approach, which relies on dense time series of multispectral imagery acquired by the multisensor constellation arranged by Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 satellites, jointly with meteorological data and agronomic knowledge. Then, based on these purpose and approach, annual and monthly maps of net irrigation water requirements have been elaborated at the most practical spatial and temporal scales for water governance purposes over big areas such river basin districts. This work summarizes the methodologies used and discuss the technical and non-technical feasibility of the proposed approach.


2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Thorp ◽  
Alison Thompson ◽  
Sara Harders ◽  
Andrew French ◽  
Richard Ward

Improvement of crop water use efficiency (CWUE), defined as crop yield per volume of water used, is an important goal for both crop management and breeding. While many technologies have been developed for measuring crop water use in crop management studies, rarely have these techniques been applied at the scale of breeding plots. The objective was to develop a high-throughput methodology for quantifying water use in a cotton breeding trial at Maricopa, AZ, USA in 2016 and 2017, using evapotranspiration (ET) measurements from a co-located irrigation management trial to evaluate the approach. Approximately weekly overflights with an unmanned aerial system provided multispectral imagery from which plot-level fractional vegetation cover ( f c ) was computed. The f c data were used to drive a daily ET-based soil water balance model for seasonal crop water use quantification. A mixed model statistical analysis demonstrated that differences in ET and CWUE could be discriminated among eight cotton varieties ( p < 0 . 05 ), which were sown at two planting dates and managed with four irrigation levels. The results permitted breeders to identify cotton varieties with more favorable water use characteristics and higher CWUE, indicating that the methodology could become a useful tool for breeding selection.


2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 2407-2414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greco de Guimaraes Cardoso Gabriel ◽  
Campos de Oliveira Renato ◽  
Batista Teixeira Marconi ◽  
Sergio Dorneles Milton ◽  
Marcos Oliveira Domingos Romenig ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
João G. A. Lima ◽  
José Espínola Sobrinho ◽  
José F. de Medeiros ◽  
Paula C. Viana ◽  
Rudah M. Maniçoba

ABSTRACT Sorghum is of significant economic importance for Northeastern Brazil, since it exhibits high growth rates in regions with irregular rainfall distribution and high temperatures, and is an alternative to corn, which has greater water requirements. Despite being a traditional crop in the region, there are few studies on irrigation management in the Apodi plateau. The aim of this study was to determine the evapotranspiration of the crop and the crop coefficient (Kc) for the different stages of sorghum growth in two cycles, and establish the relationship between the Kc and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) obtained by radiometry. Two weighing lysimeters were used to estimate crop evapotranspiration (ETc). Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was estimated by the Penman-Monteith method (FAO) and the crop coefficient determined using two methodologies: simple Kc and dual Kc. Total crop evapotranspiration in the two cycles was 452 and 557 mm. The ETc value was 23% higher in the second cycle compared to the first. The maximum Kc values for the first and second cycles were 1.21 and 1.35, respectively, using the dual Kc methodology. The linear relationship found between the Kc values and the NDVI allows monitoring and estimating the water requirements of the crop.


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