scholarly journals Financial Benefits of Mangroves for Surge Prone High-Value Areas

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henk Jan Verhagen
Keyword(s):  
Classical Solution ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Financial Evaluation ◽  
Financial Benefits ◽  
Two Alternatives

In this paper, protection options for a high-value, industrial area along the coast of West Bengal (India) are investigated. The options are designed to protect against cyclone surges with a probability of 1/100 per year. Two alternatives are compared, a classical solution of a dike with a revetment and a solution with a mangrove belt in front of the dike. The results reveal that from a pure infrastructural cash-flow point-of-view, the mangrove solution is at least 25% cheaper than the classical solution with a rock revetment. An important finding is that this conclusion does not need the financial evaluation of the obvious additional ecological advantages that mangroves offer. It is postulated that these results are generally valid for high-value coastal areas under the attack of waves during storm surges.

scholarly journals Effects of climate change on spatiotemporal patterns of tropical cyclone tracks and their implications for coastal agriculture in Myanmar

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Hirano
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Spatiotemporal Patterns ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Rising Sea Levels

AbstractImportant aspects for understanding the effects of climate change on tropical cyclones (TCs) are the frequency of TCs and their tracking patterns. Coastal areas are increasingly threatened by rising sea levels and associated storm surges brought on by TCs. Rice production in Myanmar relies strongly on low-lying coastal areas. This study aims to provide insights into the effects of global warming on TCs and the implications for sustainable development in vulnerable coastal areas in Myanmar. Using TC records from the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship dataset during the 30-year period from 1983 to 2012, a hot spot analysis based on Getis-Ord (Gi*) statistics was conducted to identify the spatiotemporal patterns of TC tracks along the coast of Myanmar. The results revealed notable changes in some areas along the central to southern coasts during the study period. These included a considerable increase in TC tracks (p value < 0.01) near the Ayeyarwady Delta coast, otherwise known as “the rice bowl” of the nation. This finding aligns with trends in published studies and reinforced the observed trends with spatial statistics. With the intensification of TCs due to global warming, such a significant increase in TC experiences near the major rice-producing coastal region raises concerns about future agricultural sustainability.

Relationship among Influencing Factors of Tourism Infrastructure

2020 ◽  
pp. 710-722
Author(s):  
Nilanjan Ray ◽  
Dillip Kumar Das
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Rural Tourism ◽  
Information Centre ◽  
Government Department ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Future Requirement ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
The Government

The primary objectives of this study includes to identify the growth, development of tourism in the state of West Bengal, to study the tourism factors which affect the tourists' satisfaction of West Bengal in general and Kamarpukur in particular, to study the role played by the Government, Department of Tourism, analyze future requirement of tourism infrastructure of Kamarpukur as an important tourism destination in Indian Scenario. For the fulfillment of the basic objectives, data for the study were collected through field survey. The sources of secondary data collected were legal documents, official statistics, reports, publications including data from district information centre. In the originality point of view this study is a sincere attempt to disseminate the required infrastructural framework at Kamarpukur and also encounter the strategies for development of sustainable rural tourism at this destination.

scholarly journals Design of a sustainable polygeneration microgrid for the retrofitting of an industrial site: Ansaldo Energia case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 03009
Author(s):  
Enrico Bianchi ◽  
Stefano Bracco ◽  
Fabio Cannizzaro ◽  
Federico Delfino ◽  
Alessandro Giacchino
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Area ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Industrial Site ◽  
General Validity ◽  
Metropolitan City ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The University ◽  
Energy Infrastructures

The aim of this paper is that of proposing a methodology on how to design a microgrid for an industrial area. In particular, the paper reports the description of a project, jointly developed by the University of Genoa and Ansaldo Energia SpA, to design a polygeneration microgrid for the industrial site of Ansaldo Energia company in the Metropolitan City of Genoa. The microgrid infrastructure integrates different technologies to satisfy the electrical, thermal and cooling demand of the site, among which an important role is played by the cogeneration AE T100 microturbines developed by the company. In the paper, the optimization tool AEN-MGD, developed to optimally design and operate the microgrid, is described and different possible configurations of the microgrid are investigated and analysed from the technical, economic and environmental point of view. The proposed model has a general validity and it can be used to design and operate other similar energy infrastructures.

scholarly journals Economic benefits and treatment progress as determinants of the sustainability of Vietnamese voluntary co-located patients clusters

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan-Hoang Vuong
Keyword(s):  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
General Level ◽  
Economic Reason ◽  
The Public ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Perceived Satisfaction ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Financial Benefits

<em>Background</em>. Over the past 15 years or so, in Vietnam, a phenomenon has steadily grown more and more widespread: the forming of co-located patients communities. Poor patients choose to live together, seeking/lending supports from/to one another. Despite the undeniable existence of these communities, little is researched or known about how co-located patients perceive the value of what they receive as cluster members, or how they assess their future connection to the communities they are living in. <br /><em>Materials and Methods.</em> The study employs multiple logistic regressions method to investigate relationships between factors such as perceived satisfaction from community-provided financial means, reported health improvements, along with patients’ shortand longer-term commitments to these communities. <br /><em>Results</em>. The results suggest meaningful empirical relationships: 1) between, on one hand, gender, perceived values and sustainability of patients communities, financial stress faced by patients and the financial benefits they received from the community, and, on the other hand, their propensity to stay connected to it; and 2) between economic conditions, length of stay with a community, general level of satisfaction, health improvements on one hand and long-term commitment to these communities on the other hand. <br /><em>Conclusions</em>. Patients who choose to stick to co-location clusters do so for an economic reason: finding means to fight their financial hardship. This may suggest a degree of complication higher than one would have thought in dealing with poor patients from a social point of view. Concretely, the majority of the public only focuses on charity programs and in-king donations, while ignoring the more sustainable – and, at the same time, more complicated – alternative which is to create suitable income-generating jobs for patient. In addition, patients are not only those who seek to ask for supports but can potentially be the donors contributing to the sustainability of those voluntary communities.

Seaweed Consumption in the Americas

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Lucas Pérez-Lloréns
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Western World ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Seaweed Species ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
High Side

For centuries and from Greenland to Chile, several seaweed species have been staple food for tribes inhabiting coastal areas. However, the current culinary use of seaweeds in the Americas, as well as in the Western world, is still rather anecdotal compared to that in Eastern countries. Most species are completely unexplored from the point of view of their gastronomic and nutritional potentials, since only about 150–200 species out of approximately 10,000 are commonly used in the cuisine of those Asian countries even with the longest tradition, and estimating on the high side this figure drops to just over a dozen in the Western world. In the Americas, very recently, seaweeds are being considered as part of avant-garde culinary activities or innovative gastronomy where so-called phycogastronomy is on the rise. Such culinary tendency eventually will permeate to other casual or midrange restaurants and also to home cuisine, as has already happened in Europe, contributing to the “popularization” of this wonderful and healthy marine produce.

scholarly journals The first phylogenetic analysis of Palpigradi (Arachnida) – the most enigmatic arthropod order

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Giribet ◽  
Erin McIntyre ◽  
Erhard Christian ◽  
Luis Espinasa ◽  
Rodrigo L. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Ribosomal Genes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Two Alternatives

Palpigradi are a poorly understood group of delicate arachnids, often found in caves or other subterranean habitats. Concomitantly, they have been neglected from a phylogenetic point of view. Here we present the first molecular phylogeny of palpigrades based on specimens collected in different subterranean habitats, both endogean (soil) and hypogean (caves), from Australia, Africa, Europe, South America and North America. Analyses of two nuclear ribosomal genes and COI under an array of methods and homology schemes found monophyly of Palpigradi, Eukoeneniidae and a division of Eukoeneniidae into four main clades, three of which include samples from multiple continents. This supports either ancient vicariance or long-range dispersal, two alternatives we cannot distinguish with the data at hand. In addition, we show that our results are robust to homology scheme and analytical method, encouraging further use of the markers employed in this study to continue drawing a broader picture of palpigrade relationships.

Coastal flooding in the Balearic Islands during the 21st century caused by sea level rise and extreme events

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pau Luque Lozano ◽  
Lluís Gómez-Pujol ◽  
Marta Marcos ◽  
Alejandro Orfila
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Coastal Flooding ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Balearic Islands ◽  
Mean Sea Level

&lt;p&gt;Sea-level rise induces a permanent loss of land with widespread ecological and economic impacts, most evident in urban and densely populated areas. The eventual coastline retreat combined with the action of waves and storm surges will end in more severe damages over coastal areas. These effects are expected to be particularly significant over islands, where coastal zones represent a relatively larger area vulnerable to marine hazards.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Managing coastal flood risk at regional scales requires a prioritization of resources and socioeconomic activities along the coast. Stakeholders, such as regional authorities, coastal managers and private companies, need tools that help to address the evaluation of coastal risks and criteria to support decision-makers to clarify priorities and critical sites. For this reason, the regional Government of the Balearic Islands (Spain) in association with the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Environment has launched the Plan for Climate Change Coastal Adaptation. This framework integrates two levels of analysis. The first one relates with the identification of critical areas affected by coastal flooding and erosion under mean sea-level rise scenarios and the quantification of the extent of flooding, including marine extreme events. The second level assesses the impacts on infrastructures and assets from a socioeconomic perspective due to these hazards.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this context, this paper quantifies the effects of sea-level rise and marine extreme events caused by storm surges and waves along the coasts of the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean Sea) in terms of coastal flooding and potential erosion. Given the regional scale (~1500 km) of this study, the presented methodology adopts a compromise between accuracy, physical representativity and computational costs. We map the projected flooded coastal areas under two mean sea-level rise climate change scenarios, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. To do so, we apply a corrected bathtub algorithm. Additionally, we compute the impact of extreme storm surges and waves using two 35-year hindcasts consistently forced by mean sea level pressure and surface winds from ERA-Interim reanalysis. Waves have been further propagated towards the nearshore to compute wave setup with higher accuracy. The 100-year return levels of joint storm surges and waves are used to map the spatial extent of flooding in more than 200 sandy beaches around the Balearic Islands by mid and late 21st century, using the hydrodynamical LISFLOOD-FP model and a high resolution (2 m) Digital Elevation Model.&lt;/p&gt;

Evaluating Formal Approaches to Planned Maintenance

1995 ◽  
Vol 209 (6) ◽  
pp. 475-480
Author(s):  
P L Primrose ◽  
D J Bowler ◽  
R Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Financial Evaluation ◽  
Significant Cost ◽  
Maintenance Strategies ◽  
Financial Benefits ◽  
Optimum Approach ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Cost Implications

There are a number of formal approaches available for companies wishing either to introduce planned maintenance strategies or to rationalize existing ones. In addition to providing major financial benefits, however, such approaches may also have significant cost implications. This paper describes how financial evaluation can be used to select the optimum approach and implementation philosophy. It details how such an evaluation has to consider improvements in maintenance department efficiency and the effect these improvements can have on the overall performance of the company. The company-wide costs and benefits of formal approaches to planned maintenance are examined; contrary to established opinion, it is demonstrated that these can be both identified and quantified. Check-lists of such factors are provided.

Odour impact of a waste management plant in the Barcelona area, characterised by VDI3940 field observations, Gaussian ISCST modelling and CALPUFF modelling

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Feliubadaló ◽  
Anton P. Van Harreveld ◽  
Robin Ormerod
Keyword(s):  
Circulation Pattern ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Residential Area ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Exposure Study ◽  
Wind Velocities ◽  
Urban Solid Waste ◽  
German Standard

From May 2006 to December 2006 an odour exposure study using field panel observations according to German standard EN3940 was carried out around an installation for reception and sorting of urban solid waste and treatment of the organic fraction using anaerobic digestion and composting, with a capacity of 240.000 tonnes of waste annually. The exposure study covered an area of 2000 × 4000 meters, including the residential area of Ripollet, the Can Salvatella industrial estate and a rural area with various animal production facilities. The results were compared with the German criteria for residential and industrial areas of 10% and 15% odour hours respectively. These criteria were exceeded in the vicinity of the installation, including part of the industrial area of Can Salvatella, but not exceeded in the residential area of Ripollet. The odour impact was also modelled using dispersion modelling. Two models were applied, ISCST as an example of the more traditional Gaussian plume model and CALPUFF in 3 dimensional mode as an example of more advanced modelling. The meteorology in the area is challenging, from the modelling point of view, with frequent calms and low wind velocities, combined with a pronounced day/night circulation pattern. The results of the three methods of odour impact assessment are applied and the model results are compared and validated against the observed odour frequencies over the six month period of the study. The Gaussian ISCST model proved to be unable to effectively predict the odour footprint as determined by direct field observations of exposure, overestimating the distance of impact substantially in the direction of prevailing winds. The CALPUFF model in 3D mode did predict the area of measurable odour hour frequencies quite well. The 98 percentile for 3 ouE·m-3 appears to be a bit more restrictive than the German &lt;10% odour hours criterion applied in German regulation.

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