scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis of the Effects of Natural and Human Factors on a Hydrological System in Zhangweinan Canal Basin

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyang Zhao ◽  
Hongrui Wang ◽  
Qijie Bai ◽  
Yifan Wu ◽  
Cheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Simulation Framework ◽  
Canopy Interception ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Hydrological System

Drought is a water deficit state caused by large-scale climate change that cannot be avoided by a water resource management system. Water scarcity refers to the unsustainable utilization of water resources over a long time, which is the result of water management policies. However, water deficits caused by drought and water scarcity often occur simultaneously and are indistinguishable. This study proposes a model-based simulation framework that can quantitatively distinguish natural factors (drought) from human factors (water scarcity) in a hydrological system. The simulation was applied to the Zhangweinan Canal Basin, based on the runoff sequences from 1950 to 2004. The results show that the runoff curve number, soil depth, soil available water, soil evaporation compensation coefficient, base runoff α coefficient and the maximum canopy interception have the highest sensitivity to runoff, and that the calibrated and validated SWAT model can effectively simulate the runoff process in the Zhangweinan Canal Basin and similar areas. Abrupt changes in human activities in 1975 and water scarcity led to the disappearance of the summer peak runoff period in both wet and dry years. Human factors are the main reason for the change in the hydrological system in the study area; the runoff loss caused by human factors is four times that caused by natural factors according to the proposed variable threshold. This study proposes a model-based simulation framework that can help water resource managers to distinguish the effects of drought and water scarcity in water-stressed areas and adjust management accordingly.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Ibn-Khaldun’s Theory in light of Covid-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Mohammed Musallem Binham Alameri ◽  
◽  
Khawlah M. AL- Tkhayneh
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Ibn Khaldun ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Current Events ◽  
Future Events ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Impact

This argumentative paper presents a new perspective on Ibn-khaldun’s theory of social change in light of Covid-19. It argues that when examining the theory, it can be found that it makes an association between social change and natural factors, such as epidemics and human factors, such as government changes. The target theory which is explored in this study is the cyclical theory of Ibn-khaldun. This study adopts the former theory in order to analyze the effects of Covid-19 on the Arab-Islamic society, and how this theory was able to predict many of the current events and possible future events using social and historical approaches. The paper consists of four parts as follows: First, an overview of Ibn-khaldun’s theory of social change and its philosophy is provided. Second, the role of human factors in social change according to Ibn-khaldun is explored. Third, natural factors affecting social change according to Ibn-khaldun are discussed. Finally, the impact of Covid-19 on our way of life in relation to Ibn-khaldun’s theory of social change is examined.

scholarly journals PEMETAAN ANCAMAN DAN KARAKTERISTIK KEBAKARAN HUTAN DAN LAHAN (KARHUTLA) PROVINSI LAMPUNG

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-27
Author(s):  
RIzki Kurnia Tohir ◽  
Fadlan Pramatana
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Track Record ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Threat Level ◽  
Sensitive Factor ◽  
Incident Reports ◽  
High Threat

Lampung Province has the threat of Forest and Land Fires (FLF) based on incident reports. There is a lack of data on how the threat level of the forest and land fires, so this research is important to do. This study aims to analyze the track record and potential for FLF incidents, to analyze the characteristics and level of the FLF threat. Threat mapping is done by weighting and scoring 11 variables. These variables are divided into natural factors and human factors. The results showed that the equation that gives a weighting of 90% to natural factors. The characteristics of FLF show that natural factors are sensitive factor for the occurrence of FLF in Lampung Province. Mapping of threats shows that the area of ​​low threat class is 244,811.96 ha (8%), medium threat class is 1207,716.15 ha (40%) and high threat class is 1,591,767.42 ha (52%). Three districts had the highest level of threat class, namely Way Kanan, Central Lampung, and East Lampung Districts. The results of the validation of field conditions are indicated by the results of this threat mapping, so that the results of this study can be used as material for consideration by policy makers.

scholarly journals A modernização da produção brasileira de coco e a racionalidade do capital

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Leandro Vieira Cavalcante
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Production ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Mots Clés ◽  
Agricultural Modernization ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Scientific Agriculture ◽  
Article Analyse ◽  
Productive Restructuring

ResumoEste artigo analisa o processo de modernização da produção brasileira de coco. O cultivo desse fruto vem sendo significativamente modificado nestas últimas décadas, quando se observa a passagem de um modelo de produção baseado no extrativismo para um modelo inserido em um contexto representado pelo advento da agricultura científica. Isso significa que a produção do fruto deixou de depender quase que exclusivamente de condicionantes naturais e passou a depender sobremaneira de insumos e implementos difundidos com a modernização agrícola, responsáveis por modificar as formas pelas quais o coco vinha sendo produzido até então, dotando-o de uma racionalidade anteriormente não observada.Palavras-chave: Produção de coco; Modernização da agricultura; Reestruturação produtiva da agricultura. AbstractThis article studies the process of modernization of Brazilian coconut production. The production of this fruit has been modified significantly in the last decades. In other words, the production model based on extraction has become into a scientific agriculture model. Thus, the fruit production is no longer dependent on natural factors and came to greatly depend on inputs and implements utilized with agricultural modernization, responsible for modifying the ways in which the coconut had been produced so far, giving it a rationality not previously observed.Keywords: Coconut production; Agricultural modernization; Productive restructuring of agriculture. Résumé           Cet article analyse le processus de modernisation de la production brésilienne de la noix de coco. La culture de ce fruit a été modifiée de façon significative tout au long des dernières décennies, lorsque l'on observe le passage d'un modèle de production basé sur l'extractivisme vers un modèle inséré dans un contexte représenté par l'agriculture scientifique. Cela signifie que la production de ce fruit ne dépend presque plus de conditions naturelles et est venue à dépendre grandement sur les intrants et outils apparus après la modernisation agricole, responsables des changements considérables de la manière dont la noix de coco avait été produite jusqu´à nos jours.  Mots-clés: Production de la noix de coco; Modernisation de l'agriculture; Restructuration productive de l'agriculture.

scholarly journals Smart Water Technology for Efficient Water Resource Management: A Review

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6268
Author(s):  
Aditya Dinesh Gupta ◽  
Prerna Pandey ◽  
Andrés Feijóo ◽  
Zaher Mundher Yaseen ◽  
Neeraj Dhanraj Bokde
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Smart Water

According to the United Nation’s World Water Development Report, by 2050 more than 50% of the world’s population will be under high water scarcity. To avoid water stress, water resources are needed to be managed more securely. Smart water technology (SWT) has evolved for proper management and saving of water resources. Smart water system (SWS) uses sensor, information, and communication technology (ICT) to provide real-time monitoring of data such as pressure, water ow, water quality, moisture, etc. with the capability to detect any abnormalities such as non-revenue water (NRW) losses, water contamination in the water distribution system (WDS). It makes water and energy utilization more efficient in the water treatment plant and agriculture. In addition, the standardization of data format i.e., use of Water Mark UP language 2.0 has made data exchange easier for between different water authorities. This review research exhibits the current state-of-the-art of the on-going SWT along with present challenges and future scope on the mentioned technologies. A conclusion is drawn that smart technologies can lead to better water resource management, which can lead to the reduction of water scarcity worldwide. High implementation cost may act as a barrier to the implementation of SWT in developing countries, whereas data security and its reliability along with system ability to give accurate results are some of the key challenges in its field implementation.

Land use and climate change effects on runoff in the upper Urumqi River watershed: a SWAT model based analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
祖拜代·木依布拉 ZUBAIDA·Muyibul ◽  
师庆东 SHI Qingdong ◽  
普拉提·莫合塔尔 POLAT·Muhtar ◽  
张润 ZHANG Run
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
River Watershed ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Model Based Analysis
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