scholarly journals An Investigation of Stormwater Quality Variation within an Industry Sector Using the Self-Reported Data Collected under the Stormwater Monitoring Program

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3185
Author(s):  
Maryam Salehi ◽  
Khashayar Aghilinasrollahabadi ◽  
Mitra Salehi Esfandarani
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The Self ◽  
Stormwater Quality ◽  
Discharge Characteristics ◽  
Industry Sector ◽  
Pollutant Discharge ◽  
Reported Data

Storm runoff pollutants are among the major sources of surface water impairments, globally. Despite several monitoring programs and guidance on stormwater management practices, there are many streams still impaired by urban runoff. This study evaluates an industry sector’s pollutant discharge characteristics using the self-reported data collected under Tennessee Multi Sector Permit program. The stormwater pollutant discharge characteristics were analyzed from 2014 to 2018 for an industry sector involving twelve facilities in West Tennessee, USA. The data analysis revealed the presence of both organic and inorganic contaminants in stormwater samples collected at all twelve industrial facilities, with the most common metals being magnesium, copper, and aluminum. The principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to better understand the correlation between water quality parameters, their origins, and seasonal variations. Furthermore, the water quality indexes (WQIs) were calculated to evaluate the stormwater quality variations among studied facilities and seasons. The results demonstrated slight variations in stormwater WQIs among the studied facilities ranging from “Bad” to “Medium” quality. The lowest seasonal average WQI was found for spring compared to the other seasons. Certain limitations associated with the self-reported nature of data were identified to inform the decision makers regarding the required future changes.

scholarly journals Fluctuations of Phytophthora and Pythium spp. in Components of a Recycling Irrigation System

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (12) ◽  
pp. 1500-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Bush ◽  
Chuanxue Hong ◽  
Erik L. Stromberg
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Selective Media ◽  
Irrigation Reservoir ◽  
Phytophthora Spp ◽  
Detection Technology ◽  
Pollutant Discharge

Stringent standards of water quality have prompted many horticultural enterprises to limit pollutant discharge associated with nutrient and pesticide applications. Collecting and recycling effluent is a method that has been implemented by many operations to contain pollutants; however, plant pathogens may be spread through recycled effluent. In this study, Phytophthora and Pythium spp. present in a water-recycling irrigation system at a perennial container nursery in southwestern Virginia were characterized using filtering and baiting techniques with two selective media. Members of Phytophthora were identified to species, whereas Pythium spp. were identified to genus only. Pythium spp. were recovered more frequently and in greater numbers than Phytophthora spp. Phytophthora capsici, P. citricola, P. citrophthora, P. cryptogea, P. drechsleri, and P. nicotianae were recovered in filtering assays. Only P. cryptogea and P. drechsleri were identified from baits placed on the surface of the irrigation reservoir, whereas P. cactorum, P. capsici, P. citricola, P. citrophthora, P. cryptogea, and P. drechsleri were recovered at depths, specifically at 1 and 1.5 m. This research provides data for development of detection technology and management practices for plant pathogens in irrigation water and may lead to improvements in conventional assay protocols.

scholarly journals EVALUATING SURFACE WATER QUALITY AND WATER MONITORING PARAMETERS IN THE TIEN RIVER, VIETNAMESE MEKONG DELTA

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Thanh Giao Nguyen ◽  
Vo Quang Minh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Monitoring ◽  
Water Quality Parameters

The study aimed to evaluate the surface water quality of the Tien River and identify water quality parameters to be monitored using the water quality monitoring data in the period of 2011 - 2019. The water samples were collected at five locations from Tan Chau to Cho Moi districts, An Giang province for three times per year (i.e., in March, June, and September). Water quality parameters included temperature (oC), pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), total suspended solids (TSS), nitrate (NO3--N), orthophosphate (PO43--P), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and coliforms. These parameter results were compared with the national technical regulation on surface water quality QCVN 08-MT: 2015/BTNMT, column A1. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify the sources of pollution and the main factors affecting water quality. The results of this study showed that DO concentration was lower and TSS, BOD, PO43--P, coliforms concentrations in the Tien river exceeded QCVN 08-MT: 2015/BTNMT, column A1. pH, temperature, and NO3--N values were in accordance with the permitted regulation. The water monitoring parameters were seasonally fluctuated. DO, BOD, TSS, and coliforms concentrations were higher in the rainy season whereas NO3--N and PO43--P were higher in the dry season. The PCA results illustrated that pH, TSS, DO, BOD, PO43--P and coliforms should be included in the monitoring program. Other indicators such as temperature and NO3--N could be considered excluded from the program to save costs. 

scholarly journals Insights from Water Quality of High Andean Springs for Human Consumption in Peru

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 2650
Author(s):  
David Choque-Quispe ◽  
Sandro Froehner ◽  
Carlos A. Ligarda-Samanez ◽  
Betsy S. Ramos-Pacheco ◽  
Diego Elio Peralta-Guevara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Illegal Mining ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Frequent Monitoring ◽  
Permissible Levels

The headwaters of the high Andean basin in Peru accumulate water from the mist, rain, snow, and hail, and it is transported superficially and underground to low-lying areas, mostly used for drinkable purposes. The natural water in these areas might be altered due to legal and illegal mining extraction. The aim of the study was to evaluate the water quality for human consumption. Seventeen water samples were examined from Andahuaylas (A), San Jerónimo (S), Talavera (T), and Chiara (CH) districts located between 2813 and 4004 m altitude in the Andes. We used physicochemical, microbiological, and metal parameters, and the results were compared to permissible levels established by the WHO and ECA-Peru to examine samples collected in the dry and rainy seasons in 2019. Application of principal component analysis (PCA) identified areas and conditioning parameters. Extractive mining activity influences the quality of springs due to the presence of metals, especially antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb), values of which are higher than values permissible for human consumption, being higher in the dry season (p < 0.05). In addition, the presence of cations and particulate matter affects physico-chemical parameters, for example turbidity. PCA showed that parameters for water characterization are season-independent, and water quality in the springs would be conditioned by the presence of metals, especially in Andahuaylas and Talavera zones, as well as the parameters that are associated with dissolved solids in the water (turbidity and fluorides). A frequent monitoring program of springs and groundwater is recommended, with the purpose to protect water from contamination and guarantee safe water availability in low-lying and urbanized areas.

scholarly journals Water Quality of Inflows to the Everglades National Park over Three Decades (1985–2014) Analyzed by Multivariate Statistical Methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Wan ◽  
Xiaohui Fan
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
National Park ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Everglades National Park ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus

The Everglades, a vast subtropical wetland, dominates the landscape of south Florida and is widely recognized as an ecosystem of great ecological importance. Data from seven inflow sites to the Everglades National Park (ENP) were analyzed over three decades (1985–2014) for temporal trends by the STL (integrated seasonal-trend decomposition using LOESS) method. A cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied for the evaluation of spatial variation. The results indicate that the water quality change trend is closely associated with rainfall. Increasing rainfall results in increasing flow and thus, decreasing concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus. Based on 10 variables, the seven sampling stations were classified by CA into four distinct clusters: A, B, C, and D. The PCA analysis indicated that total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) are the main pollution factors, especially TN. The results suggest that non-point sources are the main pollution sources and best management practices (BMPs) effectively reduce organic nitrogen. However, TN and TP control is still the focus of future work in this area. Increasing the transfer water quantity can improve the water quality temporarily and planting submersed macrophytes can absorb nitrogen and phosphorus and increase the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in water, continuously improving the water quality.

scholarly journals Monitoring water quality of the Sergipe River basin: an evaluation using multivariate data analysis

RBRH ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
José do Patrocinio Hora Alves ◽  
Lucas Cruz Fonseca ◽  
Raisa de Siqueira Alves Chielle ◽  
Lúcia Calumby Barreto Macedo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Multivariate Data Analysis ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Multivariate Data ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Data Matrix

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the efficiency of the water quality monitoring network of the Sergipe river basin, using multivariate data analysis, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The PCA was applied to a data matrix consisting of 12 sampling stations and mean concentrations of 23 water quality parameters, obtained in four sampling campaigns from June/2013 to November/2015. All 12 sampling stations were considered as main (weight>0.7) and therefore should remain in the monitoring program. The PCA pointed out that of the 23 measured parameters, only 16 are essential for water quality assessment, in the dry period and 17 in the rainy season. The HCA separated the stations of the monitoring network in 4 groups according to the water quality characteristics, considering the natural and anthropogenic impacts. The main impacts were originated from natural sources (mineral constituents) and the anthropogenic contributions were associated with urban input, sewage, industrial dumps and surface runoff from agricultural areas.

scholarly journals Assessment of Surface Water Quality and Monitoring in Southern Vietnam Using Multicriteria Statistical Approaches

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giao Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Huynh Thi Hong Nhien
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Allowable Limit ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Entropy Weighted ◽  
Industrial Zones ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The study was conducted to analyze water quality fluctuations in the South of Vietnam using monitoring data at 58 locations, measured 8 times per year, analyzing 16 water quality indicators in 2020. The study has used national technical regulations on surface water quality (QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT, column A1), water quality index (WQI), cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA) and Entropy weighted methods to analyze surface water quality. The results showed that the water quality was contaminated with organics (low DO while TSS, BOD, COD was high), nutrients (mainly N-NH4+) and Fe. Pb at some locations exceeded the allowable limit. Cd, Hg and As were within the allowable limits of QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT, column A1. DO, TSS, BOD, COD, N-NH4+, Fe, EC, TDS, Cl- were seasonally fluctuated. WQI classified water quality from bad to very good (WQI=42-100) due to the impact of hydrological conditions, navigation, wastewater and waste from industrial zones, and fishing ports. The findings presented that it is possible to reduce the 11 sampling locations of cluster 1-6, reduce the frequency of monitoring from 8 to 5 times per year, while still ensuring representativeness of water quality over time, reducing the monitoring costs by 56.5%. The PCA identified five major potential sources explaining 87.3% and 8 minor sources explaining only 12.7% of water quality variation. Temperature, pH, EC, DO, BOD, COD, N-NH4+, N-NO2-, Fe, Cl-, Pb need to be monitored, while adding indicators P-PO43-, TP, TN, coliforms into the future monitoring program. The study shows that the medium and bad water quality are concentrated in Dong Nai, Ho Chi Minh City and Long An, so the relevant environmental management agencies needs to find solutions to improve the water quality in those areas. The current results can assist in decision-making related to environmental quality monitoring in the southern region of Vietnam.

scholarly journals Macroinvertebrates Reveal Water Quality Differences in Various Agricultural Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 61507
Author(s):  
Agung Sih Kurnianto ◽  
Rufaidah Nur Baiti ◽  
Hari Purnomo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Communities ◽  
Jaccard Similarity

Monitoring benthic communities under different agricultural practices and management could potentially become an important tool to evaluate ecosystem health and stability. Benthic macroinvertebrates have been widely used as water quality bioindicators. This study aims to analyze macroinvertebrates in rice field ecosystems affected by three types of management practices, including conventional, semi-organic, and organic. This study was conducted in Sumberjambe and Kemiri, Jember Regency. Macroinvertebrate samples were collected at three sampling stations for each type of rice field, giving out a total of nine stations. Through Ekman grab, samples were obtained and transferred into a jam jar filled with 70% ethanol using a brush. Six ecological indices were selected to describe the diversity of each station. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using PAST3 software provided the sample's preference towards the stations and the higher taxa (Class). We also analyzed the similarity of the macroinvertebrate communities between the sampling stations using the Jaccard Similarity Index (JSI). A total of 11 families and 4 classes of macroinvertebrates are recorded. The Shannon-Wiener index shows high diversity for stations with organic management practices (1.318), while the Evenness index shows the highest value for conventional stations (0.9449). The Jaccard similarity index value reports two stations with semi-organic stations as well as semi-organic and organic stations having the highest similarity (JSI = 76.47%), while the lowest similarity value is characterized for conventional and organic stations (JSI = 13.19%).

The Impact of Shariah Governance and Corporate Governance on the Risk Management Practices: Evidence from Local and Foreign Islamic Banks in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Sabri Embi ◽  
Zurina Shafii
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Shariah Governance ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of Shariah governance and corporate governance (CG) on the risk management practices (RMPs) of local Islamic banks and foreign Islamic banks operating in Malaysia. The Shariah governance comprises the Shariah review (SR) and Shariah audit (SA) variables. The study also evaluates the level of RMPs, CG, SR, and SA between these two type of banks. With the aid of SPSS version 20, the items for RMPs, CG, SR, and SA were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA). From the PCA, one component or factor was extracted each for the CG, SR, and RMPs while another two factors were extracted for the SA. Primary data was collected using a self-administered survey questionnaire. The questionnaire covers four aspects ; CG, SR, SA, and RMPs. The data received from the 300 usable questionnaires were subjected to correlation and regression analyses as well as an independent t-test. The result of correlation analysis shows that all the four variables have large positive correlations with each other indicating a strong and significant relationship between them. From the regression analysis undertaken, CG, SR, and SA together explained 52.3 percent of the RMPs and CG emerged as the most influential variable that impacts the RMPs. The independent t-test carried out shows that there were significant differences in the CG and SA between the local and foreign Islamic banks. However, there were no significant differences between the two types of the bank in relation to SR and RMPs. The study has contributed to the body of knowledge and is beneficial to academicians, industry players, regulators, and other stakeholders.

A Survey of Nursery Water Quality Best Management Practices

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 501e-502
Author(s):  
Cody J. White ◽  
Michael A. Schnelle ◽  
Gerrit W. Cuperus
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Employee Safety ◽  
Current Water ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Environmentally Sound

A survey was designed to assess high-risk areas with respect to environmental contamination, specifically how it relates to water quality. Oklahoma growers of all economic levels, retail and/or wholesale, were queried at their place of business for their current state of implementing best management practices (BMPs) and other strategic actions that could potentially affect current and future water quality standards. Specific areas such as the physical environment of the nursery, primary pesticides and fertilizers used, Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices, and employee safety training were covered as well as other aspects germane to preserving and protecting current water quality and related environmental issues. More than 75 nurseries were surveyed and given the opportunity to participate in future training at Oklahoma State Univ. Results indicated that nurseries have not fully implemented many BMPs, but have adopted fundamental IPM approaches. The stage is set for the implementation of the next phase of expansion and refinement into ecologically based programs such as propagation and sale of low pesticide input plant materials, improved cultural practices, and the integration of environmentally sound management approaches. As an example, many growers are in the process of phasing out calendar-based pesticide application programs in favor of aesthetic and/or economic threshold-driven pesticide spray programs.

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