scholarly journals Mesocosm Experiments at a Tunnelling Construction Site for Assessing Re-Use of Spoil Material as a By-Product

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Anna Barra Caracciolo ◽  
Paola Grenni ◽  
Livia Mariani ◽  
Jasmin Rauseo ◽  
Martina Di Lenola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Extract ◽  
Earth Pressure ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Pressure Balance ◽  
Foaming Agents ◽  
Main Compound ◽  
Final Destination ◽  
Soil Mesocosms ◽  
Earth Pressure Balance ◽  
Boring Machines

Mechanized excavation of tunnels with Earth Pressure Balance-Tunnel Boring Machines requires the use of foaming agents. The latter contain the anionic surfactant sodium lauryl ether sulphate (SLES) as the main compound. The re-use as a by-product of excavated soil containing foaming agents (spoil material) can pose a risk for soil and particularly for aquatic ecosystems if they are close to the spoil material final destination site. This work reports the chemical results (SLES residual concentrations) and ecotoxicological effects (battery of five tests) of 28 day-mesocosm studies performed at a tunnelling construction site. The soil mesocosms were set up with two different lithologies, which contained four different foaming agent products at the highest amounts used for excavation. The decrease in SLES concentrations and the ecotoxicological tests were performed in soil and its water extract (elutriate) at different times (0, 7, 14, 28 d). Elutriates were prepared in order to simulate a possible SLES leaching from soil to water. The results showed a decrease in SLES over time and different ecotoxicological responses depending not only on the initial amount of each product, but also on the soil lithology and organism tested (aquatic or terrestrial). This study showed how only site-specific ecotoxicological evaluations can ensure a safe management of the spoil material, making possible the re-use of soil and avoiding production of waste.

SELECTION AND CALCULATION OF CUTTING HEAD FOR EARTH PRESSURE BALANCE TUNNEL BORING MACHINES

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-149
Author(s):  
A.V. Polyakov ◽  
◽  
A.B. Zhabin ◽  
P.N. Chebotarev ◽  
W.H. Khachaturian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Earth Pressure ◽  
Pressure Balance ◽  
Tunnel Boring Machines ◽  
Tunnel Boring ◽  
Cutting Head ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
Earth Pressure Balance ◽  
Boring Machines

Considered selection and calculation of cutting head for earth pressure balance tunnel boring machines. The conditions of choice of the working body are defined. The possible types of cutting heads and the features of choosing the type of their supports and drive mechanisms are described. The dependence for the calculation of the torque on the working body is given. The recommendations on the choice of the degree of openness of the cutting head, the type of destructive tool, expansion devices and seals of the bearing units of the drive of the working body depending on the ground conditions of penetration.

scholarly journals CHOOSING TBM FOR TABRIZ SUBWAY USING MULTI CRITERIA METHOD

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamaladdin Edalat ◽  
Mohammad Javad Vahdatirad ◽  
Hadi Ghodrat ◽  
Sarah Firouzian ◽  
Amin Barari
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Earth Pressure ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Pressure Balance ◽  
Underground Engineering ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
Earth Pressure Balance ◽  
Boring Machines ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
High Level

The world of underground engineering and construction has acquired a wide‐ranging and high‐level experience on tunnel construction with Tunnel Boring Machines (TBM) and nowadays remarkable progresses are traceable in the number of tunnels that are becoming longer, going deeper, and growing larger in diameter and in other words becoming more difficult to realize. Tabriz‐one of the big cities in northern west of Iran has four subway lines which are under construction or investigation. The phase1 design of Tabriz urban railway line 2 (TURL2) has completely been done. Method statement of this line in the length of about 20 km and much interference due to tunneling in urban area dictates the application of TBM. Two kinds of TBM such as EPB (earth pressure balance) and SS (slurry shield) are usually used for urban areas. In this paper, the process of choosing TBM for TURL2 using MCA method (Multi Criteria Analysis) is expressed. Generally in this method some technical, economical and environmental parameters affected the TBM type are identified and taken into account by assigned weights related to the case study. Finally the results show that EPB‐TBM will be more appropriate choice for TURL2 excavation. Santrauka Potemine intinerija ir statyba labai išplito bei igijo aukšto lygmens patirti tuneliu statyboje emus naudoti tuneliu gretimo mašinas (TGM). Šis statybos būdas taikytas statant daug tuneliu, kurie vis ilgeja, gileja ir plateja pagal skersmeni, t. y. statyba realizuojama sunkiau. Tabrize – viename iš didtiausiu šiaures vakaru Irano miestu – yra keturios statomos arba planuojamos statyti metro linijos. Tabrizo miesto geletinkelio 2‐os linijos (TMG2L) pirmoji projektavimo faze yra baigta. Jos ilgis – 20 km, daug jos atkarpu eina po teme. Poteminems atkarpoms pastatyti gali būti naudojamos dvieju tipu TGM. Tai temes slegines pusiausvyros mašina (TSPM) arba suspensijos skydo mašinos (SSM). Šiame straipsnyje nagrinejamas TGM pasirinkimas tarp TSPM ir SSM taikant daugiatiksli sprendimu priemimo metoda (DSPM). Šiam metodui pritaikyti apibretiami tam tikri techniniai, ekonominiai ir aplinkos rodikliai, darantys itaka TGM tipui. Rodikliams priskiriami svoriai. DSPM taikymo rezultatai parode, kad TSPM yra tinkamesne TMG2L kasti.

Comparison of predicted and actual states in tunnels: lessons to be learned from the Gerede Water Transmission Tunnel, Turkey

2020 ◽  
pp. qjegh2020-060
Author(s):  
Ahmet Apaydin
Keyword(s):  
Water Pressure ◽  
Earth Pressure ◽  
High Water ◽  
Pressure Balance ◽  
Earth Pressure Balance Shield ◽  
Completion Date ◽  
Earth Pressure Balance ◽  
Boring Machines ◽  
Water Transmission ◽  
Route Cost

The Gerede Tunnel is a large inter-basin project in Turkey. As with many long tunnels, some of the predictions in the project report and the tender contract have not been realized. Completion of the tunnel has been delayed for more than twice the time given in the tender contract. Unexpectedly complex geological–tectonic–hydrogeological conditions and the selection of tunnel-boring machines (TBMs) are the main reasons for this long delay. There were some discrepancies between the predicted and actual geology. The groundwater pressure encountered was much higher than expected. Plastic clays in the limestone and breccia and loose agglomerates with a high water pressure in the faults decreased the advance rate and led to several long stoppages. One of the three double-shield TBMs became stuck in the tunnel and could not be recovered. The last quarter of the tunnel was excavated more slowly, but without severe problems, by a modified earth pressure balance shield TBM. As a result, the TBM type, drive direction, length, route, cost and completion date of the Gerede Tunnel have all changed.

scholarly journals A Rapid Experimental Procedure to Assess Environmental Compatibility of Conditioning Mixtures Used in TBM-EPB Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4138
Author(s):  
Irene Bavasso ◽  
Giorgio Vilardi ◽  
Diego Sebastiani ◽  
Anita Di Giulio ◽  
Marta Di Felice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Earth Pressure ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Pressure Balance ◽  
Tunnel Boring Machines ◽  
Soil Humus ◽  
Bacillus Clausii ◽  
Earth Pressure Balance ◽  
Boring Machines ◽  
Short Time

Earth Pressure Balance (EPB) Tunnel Boring Machines (TBM) are currently the most widely used machines to perform tunnel excavation, particularly in urban areas. This technology involves the injection of chemicals as conditioning mixtures, which commonly raises concerns limiting the reuse of soils after excavation. This study deals with the prospect of a simplified, rapid and replicable methodology for the evaluation of the biodegradability of these conditioning mixtures. For this purpose, the biodegradation of three commercial conditioning mixtures was investigated in closed bottle tests by investigating the effect of different mixtures dosages and two different inocula (soil humus and Bacillus Clausii). While using soil humus as inoculum, a comparative study of biodegradation of the three investigated mixtures was successfully carried out; in the case of Bacillus Clausii, it was not possible to make a comparison between the different formulations in a short time. The adoption of soil humus satisfied only the criteria of rapid test, while the Bacillus Clausii, as specific inoculum, can meet the criteria of replicable results. For this reason, in the second part of this experimental study, a rapid and replicable procedure was proposed and validated. A kinetic study of organic carbon removal was also carried out.

scholarly journals Bioaugmentation With a Consortium of Bacterial Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate-Degraders for Remediation of Contaminated Soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludovica Rolando ◽  
Anna Barra Caracciolo ◽  
Paola Grenni ◽  
Livia Mariani ◽  
Jasmin Rauseo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Earth Pressure ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Pressure Balance ◽  
Soil Extracts ◽  
Foaming Agents ◽  
Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate ◽  
Ether Sulfate ◽  
Lauryl Ether ◽  
Boring Machines

The anionic surfactant sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) is the main component of most commercial foaming agents (FAs) used in the excavation of highway and railway tunnels with Earth pressure balance-tunnel boring machines (EPB-TBMs). Several hundreds of millions of tons of spoil material, consisting of soil mixed with FAs, are produced worldwide, raising the issue of their handling and safe disposal. Reducing waste production and reusing by-products are the primary objectives of the “circular economy,” and in this context, the biodegradation of SLES becomes a key question in reclaiming excavated soils, especially at construction sites where SLES degradation on the spot is not possible because of lack of space for temporary spoil material storage. The aim of the present work was to apply a bacterial consortium (BC) of SLES degraders to spoil material excavated with an EPB-TBM and coming from a real construction site. For this purpose, the BC capability to accelerate SLES degradation was tested. Preliminary BC growth, degradation tests, and ecotoxicological evaluations were performed on a selected FA. Subsequently, a bioaugmentation experiment was conducted; and the microbial abundance, viability, and SLES concentrations in spoil material were evaluated over the experimental time (0.5, 3, 6, 24, 48, and 144 h). Moreover, the corresponding aqueous elutriates were extracted from all the soil samples and analyzed for SLES concentration and ecotoxicological evaluations with the bacterium Aliivibrio fischeri. The preliminary experiments showed the BC capability to grow under 14 different concentrations of the FA. The maximum BC growth rates and degradation efficiency (100%) were achieved with initial SLES concentrations of 125, 250, and 500 mg/L. The subsequent bioaugmentation of the spoil material with BC significantly (sixfold) improved the degradation time of SLES (DT50 1 day) compared with natural attenuation (DT50 6 days). In line with this result, neither SLES residues nor toxicity was recorded in the soil extracts showing the spoil material as a by-product promptly usable. The bioaugmentation with BC can be a very useful for cleaning spoil material produced in underground construction where its temporary storage (for SLES natural biodegradation) is not possible.

scholarly journals Assessment of differential subsidence harmful effects on large bridge structures during the underground space development

2021 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 03003
Author(s):  
V.I. Kireeva ◽  
E.M. Volokhov ◽  
M.O. Lebedev
Keyword(s):  
Earth Pressure ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Underground Space ◽  
Pressure Balance ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Work Completion ◽  
Bridge Structures ◽  
Earth Pressure Balance ◽  
Boring Machines ◽  
Harmful Effects

The purpose of the study was to confirm the capability of numerical simulation of soils shift and bridge structures elements deformations during underground construction. The main goal of this simulation was to assess the harmful effects of mining operations on the existing bridge load-bearing elements. Modeling of bridge structures undermining by earth pressure balance tunneling boring machines (EPB TBMs) was carried out both at the design stage for predicting deformations and at the stage of underground work completion.

Geological Adaptive Cutterhead Selection for EPB Shield Based on BP Neural Network

2014 ◽  
Vol 607 ◽  
pp. 118-123
Author(s):  
Lai Kuang Lin ◽  
Yi Min Xia ◽  
Fei He ◽  
Qing Song Mao ◽  
Kui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Bp Neural Network ◽  
Earth Pressure ◽  
Training Model ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Pressure Balance ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Earth Pressure Balance ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Epb Shield

In view of complex and fuzziness of geological adaptive cutterhead selection for earth pressure balance (EPB) shield, a cutterhead selection method based on BP neural network is put forward. Considering the structure characteristics of EPB shield cutterhead, typical cutterhead types are classified and summarized based on cutterhead topology structure and number of spokes. After analyzing the determinants of cutterhead selection, one-to-many mapping relation between cutterhead type and geological parameters is put forward, and then core geologic parameters related to cutterhead selection are concluded. The feasibility of using neural network method to choose the cutterhead type is analyzed, and a BP neural network training model for cutterhead selection is set up and tested in testing sample data. The result shows that the selected cutterhead and the construction cutterhead are basically consistent. The feasibility of this method is proved and it can be theoretical basis for the cutterhead structure design which will improve scientific of cutterhead selection.

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