scholarly journals The Impacts of the Geographic Distribution of Manufacturing Plants on Groundwater Withdrawal in China

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1158
Author(s):  
Yanting Zheng ◽  
Huidan Yang ◽  
Jinyuan Huang ◽  
Linjuan Wang ◽  
Aifeng Lv
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Spatial Regression ◽  
High Water ◽  
Groundwater Withdrawal ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Manufacturing Plants ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Water Transmission

The overexploitation of groundwater in China has raised concern, as it has caused a series of environmental and ecological problems. However, far too little attention has been paid to the relationship between groundwater use and the spatial distribution of water users, especially that of manufacturing factories. In this study, a factory scatter index (FSI) was constructed to represent the spatial dispersion degree of manufacturing factories in China. It was found that counties and border areas between neighboring provinces registered the highest FSI increases. Further non-spatial and spatial regression models using 205 provincial-level secondary river basins in China from 2016 showed that the scattered distribution of manufacturing plants played a key role in groundwater withdrawal in China, especially in areas with a fragile ecological environment. The scattered distribution of manufacturing plants raises the cost of tap water transmission, makes monitoring and supervision more difficult, and increases the possibility of surface water pollution, thereby intensifying groundwater withdrawal. A reasonable spatial adjustment of manufacturing industry through planning and management can reduce groundwater withdrawal and realize the protection of groundwater. Our study may provide a basis for water-demand management through spatial adjustment in areas with high water scarcity and a fragile ecological environment.

scholarly journals Using smart meters to identify social and technological impacts on residential water consumption

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara Beal ◽  
Rodney A. Stewart ◽  
Anneliese Spinks ◽  
Kelly Fielding
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Community Education ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
High Water ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Residential Water Consumption ◽  
End Use ◽  
Demographic Surveys

Studies have shown that householders' perceptions of their water use are often not well matched with their actual water use. There has been less research, however, investigating whether this bias is related to specific types of end use and/or specific types of socio-demographic and socio-demographic household profiles. A high resolution smart metering study producing a detailed end use event registry as well as psycho-social and socio-demographic surveys, stock inventory audits and self-reported water diaries was completed for 250 households located in South-east Queensland, Australia. The study examined the contributions of end uses to total water use for each group identified as ‘low’, ‘medium’ or ‘high’ water users. Analyses were conducted to examine the socio-demographic variables such as income, percentage of water efficient stock, family size and composition, that characterise each self-identified water usage group. The paper concludes with a discussion of the general characteristics of groups that overestimate and underestimate their water use and how this knowledge can be used to inform demand management policy such as targeted community education programmes.

scholarly journals Application of an Innovative Model for the Risk Management of COVID-19 in a Multinational Manufacturing Company

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5771
Author(s):  
Piero Lovreglio ◽  
Angela Stufano ◽  
Francesco Cagnazzo ◽  
Nicola Bartolomeo ◽  
Ivo Iavicoli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Manufacturing Plants ◽  
Model Combining ◽  
Innovative Model ◽  
Global Prevention ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Physician Team ◽  
The Eu

The COVID-19 incidence in 61 manufacturing plants in Europe (EU), North America (NA) and Latin-America (LATAM) was compared with the incidence observed in the countries where the plants are located in order to evaluate the application of an innovative model for COVID-19 risk management. Firstly, a network of local and global teams was created, including an external university occupational physician team for scientific support. In July 2020, global prevention guidelines for the homogenous management of the pandemic were applied, replacing different site or regional procedures. A tool for COVID-19 monitoring was implemented to investigate the relationship between the incidence rates inside and outside the plants. In the period of May–November 2020, 565 confirmed cases (EU 330, NA 141, LATAM 94) were observed among 20,646 workers with different jobs and tasks, and in the last two months 85% EU and 70% NA cases were recorded. Only in 10% of cases was a possible internal origin of the contagion not excluded. In the EU and NA, unlike LATAM, the COVID-19 incidence rates inside the sites punctually followed the rising trend outside. In conclusion, the model, combining a global approach with the local application of the measures, maintains the sustainability in the manufacturing industry.

scholarly journals Determination of the Irrigation Water Supply Services Cost

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Water Charges ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Organizational Mechanisms

The article summarizes and analyzes experience in irrigation water charges fixation. Many countries of the world with developed irrigation systems face problems of lack or inadequacy of financial resources to maintain these systems in an efficient state. There is the necessity to find effective financial and organizational mechanisms to address these problems. The purpose of this article is to summarize and analyse the experience of setting fees for the supply of water for irrigation in various socio-economic conditions and to find out possibilities of improving systems of payment collection for the provision of irrigation services and in particular, for irrigation water supply. The analysis is based on a wide range of conditions specific for both developing and developed countries. In addition, the article attempts to assess the experience of using the amount of payment for irrigation water as an incentive for cost recovery to achieve financial sustainability and demand management for the efficient use of water resources. Quotas, water markets, subsidies, as well as information/educational problems have been considered as incentives of water resources demand management. We have considered special features of the tariffs formation in the Central Asia countries. The study has demonstrated that the two-stake tariff implementation will enable to compensate the irrigation services expenses at the level acceptable for water users in case of cultivation of crops generating an adequate income for the tariff’s financing.

scholarly journals The Determinants of Wage Increases in New Manufacturing Plants in Rural Areas

1981 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Klindt ◽  
Brady J. Deaton ◽  
Maurice R. Landes
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
The South ◽  
Spatial Trend ◽  
Manufacturing Plants ◽  
Industrial Impact ◽  
Wage Increases

The spatial trend of manufacturing industry toward smaller towns and rural areas, particularly in the South and West, appears to be continuing into the 1980s (Haren, 1980). Economic research has been undertaken to examine the reasons for this national shift (Haren, 1970; Beale; Lonsdale et al.), the influence of community decisions on the location process (Smith et al.; Klindt et al.; Kuehn et al.), and various facets of industrial impact on rural communities (Summers et al.; Reinschmiedt and Jones; Deaton and Landes).

scholarly journals Drinking water consumption patterns in Canadian communities (2001–2007)

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Roche ◽  
A. Q. Jones ◽  
S. E. Majowicz ◽  
S. A. McEwen ◽  
K. D. M. Pintar
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Water Users

A pooled analysis of seven cross-sectional studies from Newfoundland and Labrador, Waterloo and Hamilton Regions, Ontario and Vancouver, East Kootenay and Northern Interior Regions, British Columbia (2001 to 2007) was performed to investigate the drinking water consumption patterns of Canadians and to identify factors associated with the volume of tap water consumed. The mean volume of tap water consumed was 1.2 L/day, with a large range (0.03 to 9.0 L/day). In-home water treatment and interactions between age and gender and age and bottled water use were significantly associated with the volume of tap water consumed in multivariable analyses. Approximately 25% (2,221/8,916) of participants were classified as bottled water users, meaning that 75% or more of their total daily drinking water intake was bottled. Approximately 48.6% (4,307/8,799) of participants used an in-home treatment method to treat their tap water for drinking purposes. This study provides a broader geographic perspective and more current estimates of Canadian water consumption patterns than previous studies. The identified factors associated with daily water consumption could be beneficial for risk assessors to identify individuals who may be at greater risk of waterborne illness.

Non-Carcinogenic Risks Induced by Metals in Drinking Source Groundwater of North Jiangsu (China)

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 590-596
Author(s):  
Qin Yuan Zhu ◽  
Ning Liu ◽  
Xin Qian ◽  
Li Yang ◽  
Ming Zhong Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
High Water ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Metallic Elements ◽  
The North ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

This study investigated the levels of eight metallic elements in groundwater of 15 tap water treatment plants (TWTPs) located in the North of Jiangsu Province, China during 2007–2009, and evaluated the non-carcinogenic risks posed by the metals. Among the metals, Zn had the highest concentration (105.3 μg L−1), while Pb contributed most (40.3%) to the average hazard index (HI) of 15 TWTPs, followed by Cd (33.8%) and Mn (12.2%). Each metal, except Pb, had an average concentration below the permissible limit of China, WHO, EU and USA. Both hazard quotients of individual metals and HI of total non-carcinogenic risk in each TWTP were lower than 1, indicating that these pollutants provided negligible public health risk for local residents. Non-carcinogenic risks induced by metals showed temporal and spatial variations, revealing that low HIs occurred more frequently in high water seasons, and the three TWTPs of Xinan, Suqian and Biantang had relatively higher HIs.

scholarly journals Water Treatment for Hemodialysis in Benghazi Medical Center (BMC)

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-62
Author(s):  
Asmaa A. Alfarisi ◽  
Hadir Gawili ◽  
Areej O. AlFerjany ◽  
Soha B. AlTalhi ◽  
Aisha A. Gandrah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
High Water ◽  
Healthy Person ◽  
Management Program ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Microbiological Test ◽  
Dialysis Water

Background: A single 4-hour dialysis treatment can require up to 400 liters of water per week for dialysis patients compare that with healthy person who drinks less than 15 liters of water per week. Therefore, it is clearly important to know and monitor the chemical and microbiological purity of the dialysis water. Aims: Determine the physicochemical and bacteriological characteristics of water used by hemodialysis services Isolate and identify fungi present in water systems of hemodialysis units in Benghazi Medical center (BMC) in Benghazi, Libya. Methods: Analysis study carried out in hemodialysis unit in BMC collected samples from each places (A & B) sections. Results: Six samples that target to chemical analysis and 32 samples for microbiological test, Chemical parameters of study area A and B for drinking and dialysis water were within international standards, but there was a minute of Calcium elevation in area B that was 3.3mg/l. No contamination with bacteria observed in all samples in section (A), the counts of yeasts and filamentous fungi investigated in the tap water, in the treated water, and dialysis machine in section B and Penicillium spp was the most frequent fungi. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that the tap and dialysis water success to meet the all-chemical and microbiological requirements in (A) area inside hospital of Benghazi center. In generally to prevent the risk of contaminants for hemodialysis patients need to a high water quality management program and development of water treatment system in hemodialysis centers.

scholarly journals The Validity Of Gibrats Law: Evidence From Manufacturing Industry In Iran: 1995-98

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali Feizpour ◽  
Vahid Mahmoudi ◽  
Ebrahim Soltani
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Transition Matrices ◽  
Manufacturing Plants ◽  
Gibrat’S Law ◽  
Gibrat's Law

Using transition matrices, in this paper we have shown that Gibrat’s Law is rejected for manufacturing plants in Iran over the period 1995-98. We find that size is an important variable in the study of plant growth for manufacturing industries in Iran.

scholarly journals Assessing public participation in water conservation and water demand management in water stressed urban areas: Insights from the City of Gweru, Zimbabwe

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
WINMORE KUSENA ◽  
Sumaiya Desai ◽  
Beckedhal Heinz ◽  
Chemura Abel
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
User Participation ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Water User ◽  
Water Users ◽  
The City

<p>The paper investigates the level of water user participation in water conservation and demand management in Gweru. Data was solicited from a combination of user opinion and key informants selected from the local authority and citizen representative groups. A household survey including 489 residents was carried out in the different categories of residential areas in the city. Several water conservation and demand management measures were identified. However compliance with the measures was poor. The majority of respondents (98%) were never consulted and did not participate in water decisions. Only a few respondents (2%) participated in water conservation and demand management consultation meetings, an indicator that decision-making was the sole prerogative of the local authority. Awareness in water conservation across residential suburbs was incredibly low irrespective of the socio-economic status of high literacy level recorded in the city. To explain the anomaly, respondents reported low participation (p = 0.078) in water conservation trainings which may have translated into limited conservation literacy. The findings also revealed poor communication channels between the local authority and residents such that water users felt disrespected and disregarded. Unfortunately no initiatives were in place to encourage and enable water user participation in water management. Water conservation and demand management will remain a problem in Gweru as long as there is no point of participation for various stakeholders, especially water users. Active participation channels must be opened in order to create water conservation awareness and good relations for effective participation and sustainable water service delivery.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document