scholarly journals Effect of Vegetation Restoration on Soil Hydrology in Karst Area of Southwest China: Inspiration from Barrel Planting Experiments

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1719
Author(s):  
Ziqi Liu ◽  
Rong She ◽  
Kangning Xiong ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
Lulu Cai
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Vegetation Restoration ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Stable Range ◽  
Soil Hydrology ◽  
Soil Moisture Storage ◽  
Moisture Storage ◽  
Zanthoxylum Bungeanum

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of different vegetation restoration types on soil hydrology characteristics in the Karst Plateau Gorge and to clarify the soil moisture (θ) use characteristics. A barrel experiment was conducted to monitor θ and the water potential (Ψ) of three vegetation types (Zanthoxylum bungeanum (ZB), Zea mays L. (ZM), and Sophora tonkinensis (ST), Abandoned land (AL)) was used as a control to explore θ use conditions of each vegetation type. A larger surface permeability led to lower moisture storage. The soil moisture storage showed the law of ZM > ST > AL > ZB. The soil moisture storage also had obvious characteristics in dry-wet seasons. As a typical drought-tolerant crop, ZB responded more obviously to rainfall and had the highest effective replenishment amount and efficiency. Two processes were clearly involved in decreasing soil moisture, which could be divided into three stages of changes: a consumption period (CP), a moisture supplying period (SP), and a relatively stable period (RSP). CP occurred primarily in November to April, when θ was prone to water stress and required proper artificial replenishment. SP was characterized by limited rainfall replenishment in January and May, which significantly increased θ. During the rainy season, corresponding with RSP, θ fluctuated within a relatively stable range. At the end of the CP, the water shortage was more severe. In actual agricultural production, attention should be given to reasonable artificial recharge. This research aims to provide a theoretical basis for karst θ management.

Characteristics of soil moisture storage from 1979 to 2017 in the karst area of China

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanhong Deng ◽  
Shijie Wang ◽  
Xiaoyong Bai ◽  
Guangjie Luo ◽  
Luhua Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Soil Moisture Storage ◽  
Moisture Storage

Estimating extractable soil moisture content for Australian soils from field measurements

Soil Research ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 531 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Ladson ◽  
J. R. Lander ◽  
A. W. Western ◽  
R. B. Grayson ◽  
Lu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Soil Moisture Storage ◽  
Moisture Storage ◽  
Extractable Soil

The amount of water that can be stored in soil and evaporated or actively used by plants is a key parameter in hydrologic models and is important for crop and pasture production. Often, the active soil moisture store is estimated from laboratory measurements of soil properties. An alternative approach, described in this paper, is to estimate the extractable soil moisture capacity from direct measurements of soil moisture content in the field. A time series of soil moisture values, over the depth of the soil, shows the actual changes in water content. The difference between the wettest and driest profiles is an estimate of the extractable soil moisture storage. We have gathered data on extractable soil water capacity for 180 locations over Australia and have compared our values with published results from the Atlas of Australian Soils (AAS), derived from profile descriptions and pedo-transfer functions. Our results show that data from the AAS provide a useful lower bound for measured extractable soil moisture storage, but of the sites examined, 42% had values >2 times those in the AAS. In part, this was because total soil depths were underestimated in the AAS results compared with the active depths from the measured data. Active depths are strongly related to vegetation type.

Dark Island heath (Ninety-mile Plain, South Australia). V. The water relationships in heath vegetation and pastures on the Makin sand

1957 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Specht
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Soil Moisture Storage ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Moisture Storage ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Soil Moisture Status

Heath vegetation shows a major flush of growth during the mediterraneantype summer season, a time when calculations of the soil moisture storage by the techniques of Thornthwaite (1948) or Prescott, Collins, and Shirpurkar (1952) indicate that severe drought conditions should oocur. Monthly observations on the moisture status of the Makin sand under heath vegetation and, for comparison, under various pastures are therefore recorded. The problems of obtaining an accurate water balance-sheet for such a heterogeneous vegetation as the heath are discussed. Difficulties in the use of the various techniques for measuring soil moisture in sand, which has a low pF of 1.85 at field capacity, are enumerated. The following relationships were found between the evapotranspiration index (Itr = Etr / Ew0.75) and the available water (W). These data were calculated for 6 ft of sand. (i) Heath vegetation (10–14 years old) log (2.4–Itr) = 0.420–0.0383 W (ii) Heath vegetation (burnt) log (2.4–Itr) = 0.461–0.0380 W (iii) Oenothera odorata Jacq. pasture log (2.4–Itr) = 0.395–0.0269 W (iv) Medicago sativa L. pasture log (2.4–Itr) = 0.390–0.0270 W (v) Ehrharta calycina Sm. pasture log (2.4–Itr) = 0.400–0.0339 W From these equations the mean monthly quantities of rainfall which may be stored in 6 ft of sand under the various treatments described were calculated. Drought conditions are shown to occur in December and January, but are relieved in the later months of summer. Even if the stored moisture below 8 ft is considered, the soil moisture status would be expected to be just sufficient to maintain the vegetation in a "dormant" state, and yet the major growth of the heath vegetation occurs at this time. The calculated mean annual values of Itr range from 0.53 to 0.60 for these perennial communities. Close approximations to the actual soil moisture status can be obtained by substituting these values for K in Prescott's formula for potential evaporation, i.e. Etr = K x Ew0.75. Supplementary data on transpiration, growth, and the root systems of the pastures are also included.

Soil water balance and evapotranspiration of irrigated cotton

1967 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Balance Equation ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Water Balance Equation ◽  
Soil Moisture Storage ◽  
Moisture Storage

In a series of five irrigated cotton sowings (T2, T7, T9, T11, T14) evapotranspiration (Et) was determined for the period between October 1961 and October 1962 by observing frequently the changes in soil moisture storage, calculating through drainage, and solving for evapotranspiration in the water balance equation. Thus a water balance was obtained for each sowing extending over the entire crop.The average evapotranspiration in wet season sowings was of the order of 6·5 mm day−1 and in dry season sowings of the order of 4·5 mm day−1. The highest evapotranspiration values ranged between 10 and 12 mm day−1 in T2, T7 and T9 and between 7 and 9·5 mm day−1 in T11 and T14.

scholarly journals DESAIN INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN LEACHATE (IPL) DI TPA ENTIKONG KABUPATEN SANGGAU

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
YENDI FRIADI
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Soil Moisture Storage ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Moisture Storage ◽  
Unit Unit

ABSTRAK Leachate dapat didefinisikan sebagai cairan yang menginfiltrasi melalui tumpukan sampah dan telah mengekstraksi material terlarut maupun tersuspensi. Sistem instalasi pengolahan leachate bergantung pada debit dan karaktersitik leachate itu sendiri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memperkirakan debit leachate yang dihasilkan oleh TPA Entikong sebagai acuan dasar perancangan/desain instalasi pengolahan leachate, merencanakan sistem instalasi pengolahan  leachate di TPA Entikong Kabupaten Sanggau serta mengetahui anggaran biaya yang diperlukan dalam perancangan IPL berdasarkan sistem pengolahan yang digunakan.Tahapan untuk mengolah dan menghitung data meliputi perhitungan debit leachate dan mendesain/merancang IPL. Debit leachate dihitung dari rata-rata hujan maksimum bulanan, dari data beberapa tahun atau dengan menggunakan metode neraca air yaitu metode pendekatan Thornhtwaite. Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kuantitas leachate dalam metode neraca air ini adalah presipitasi, evapotransipitasi, surface run-off dan soil moisture storage. Proses desain IPL terdiri dari penentuan letak IPL, penentuan jenis pengolahan, penentuan sistem pengolahan yang ada di Indonesia, pemilihan desain IPL, melakukan perhitungan hidroulik terhadap desain sistem IPL terpilih, menentukan layout bangunan IPL, membuat gambar rancangan, perhitungan anggaran biaya serta membuat spesifikasi teknis pembuatan IPL.Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan menggunakan metode Thornthwaite didapat perkolasi tertinggi sebesar 185,43 mm dan diketahui luas area timbunan sampah TPA Entikong sebesar 1,06 Ha maka diperoleh nilai debit leachate sebesar 65,52 m3/hari. Kandungan organik (BOD) yang terdapat dalam leachate mempunyai nilai BOD sebesar 10.000 mg/L, sehingga metode pengolahan biologi sangat tepat digunakan untuk mengolah leachate di TPA Entikong. Sistem pengolahan yang digunakan adalah pengolahan secara biologi. Unit-unit pengolahan leachate TPA Entikong yang direncanakan adalah bak ekualisasi,  kolam anaerobik, kolam fakultatif, kolam maturasi dan constructed wetland. Besarnya total biaya yang dibutuhkan adalah Rp. 1.375.000.000,00 Kata-kata kunci : BOD, Leachate, Thornthwaite

Seasonal Movement PAtterns of the Eastern Grey Kangaroo in Southern Queensland

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 373 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJE Hill
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Faecal Pellet ◽  
Soil Moisture Storage ◽  
Seasonal Movement ◽  
Grey Kangaroo ◽  
Pellet Counts ◽  
Moisture Storage

A 2-y study was made of seasonal movement patterns of the eastern grey kangaroo, Macropus giganteus Shaw, in the Warwick district of south-eastern, and the Bollon district of south-western, Queensland. Faecal pellet counts were used to obtain indices of kangaroo usage of cleared country adjacent to cover. Kangaroos were sensitive to changes in forage status, particularly pasture phenology. As quality and quantity of forage reserves declined, animals made progressively greater use of cleared areas. This resulted in marked seasonal changes in distribution patterns. Of the variables quantified (rainfall, soil moisture storage and pasture growth), rainfall provided the best correlations with kangaroo usage of cleared country, explaining 55% (P = 0.002) of the variation in distribution at Warwick and 91% (P = 0.001) of that at Bollon.

scholarly journals A Prior Estimation of the Spatial Distribution Parameter of Soil Moisture Storage Capacity Using Satellite-Based Root-Zone Soil Moisture Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 2580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifei Tian ◽  
Lihua Xiong ◽  
Bin Xiong ◽  
Ruodan Zhuang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
River Catchment ◽  
Soil Moisture Storage ◽  
Soil Moisture Data ◽  
Moisture Storage ◽  
The Impact

Integration of satellite-based data with hydrological modelling was generally conducted via data assimilation or model calibration, and both approaches can enhance streamflow predictions. In this study, we assessed the feasibility of another approach that uses satellite-based soil moisture data to directly estimate the parameter β to represent the degree of the spatial distribution of soil moisture storage capacity in the semi-distributed Hymod model. The impact of using historical root-zone soil moisture data from the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission on the prior estimation of the parameter β was explored. Two different ways to incorporate the root-zone soil moisture data to estimate the parameter β are proposed, i.e., one is to derive a priori distribution of β , and the other is to derive a fixed value for β . The simulations of the Hymod models employing the two ways to estimate β are compared with the results produced by the original model, i.e., the one without employing satellite-based data to estimate the parameter β , at three study catchments (the Upper Hanjiang River catchment, the Xiangjiang River catchment, and the Ganjiang River catchment). The results illustrate that the two ways to incorporate the SMAP root-zone soil moisture data in order to predetermine the parameter β of the semi-distributed Hymod model both perform well in simulating streamflow during the calibration period, and a slight improvement was found during the validation period. Notably, deriving a fixed β value from satellite soil moisture data can provide better performance for ungauged catchments despite reducing the model freedom degrees due to fixing the β value. It is concluded that the robustness of the Hymod model in predicting the streamflow can be improved when the spatial information of satellite-based soil moisture data is utilized to estimate the parameter β .

scholarly journals Assessing the Increase in Soil Moisture Storage Capacity and Nutrient Enhancement of Different Organic Amendments in Paddy Soil

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Ahmad Numery Ashfaqul Haque ◽  
Md. Kamal Uddin ◽  
Muhammad Firdaus Sulaiman ◽  
Adibah Mohd Amin ◽  
Mahmud Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Soil Moisture Storage ◽  
Moisture Storage

Increasing soil moisture storage capacity is a strategy that can be implemented to minimize the use of water in paddy rice cultivation. Organic materials from different sources have the potential to increase soil moisture storage and nutrient enrichment. An incubation study was conducted to evaluate the incorporation of five selected organic amendments—as follows: rice husk biochar (RHB), oil palm empty fruit bunch biochar (EFBB), compost (COMP), rice husk ash (RHA), and oil palm bunch ash (PBA), with a control (no amendment) on soil moisture storage and some chemical properties of soil. The soil was incubated with five amendments for 60 days and sampled at 15-day intervals. After completion of the incubation, a greater extent of gravimetric water content was observed from RHB (0.46 g g−1) and EFBB (0.45 g g−1) followed by compost (0.40 g g−1). The addition of organic amendments significantly influenced soil chemical properties. Maximum soil pH was altered by PBA followed by EFBB compared to its initial value (5.01). The inclusion of EFBB finally contributed to the highest amount of total carbon (7.82%) and nitrogen (0.44%). The addition of PBA showed the highest available P and exchangeable K followed by RHB when compared with the amendments. The results indicated that RHB, EFBB, and compost retain more soil moisture compared to ash sources and added soil nutrients, indicating their potential to improve the chemical and hydrological properties of paddy soil.

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