scholarly journals Application of the Organic Waste-Based Sorbent for the Purification of Aqueous Solutions

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3101
Author(s):  
Olga Cheremisina ◽  
Tatiana Litvinova ◽  
Vasiliy Sergeev ◽  
Maria Ponomareva ◽  
Julia Mashukova
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sorption Material ◽  
Sorption Purification ◽  
Nitrogen Desorption ◽  
Equilibrium Phases

The effective purification of large-capacity wastewater from heavy non-ferrous metals and organic pollutants using inexpensive sorption technology remains a crucial task. Analyzing the current objectives of sustainable development, biochar obtained from chicken manure has prospects as a source for sorption purification of industrial wastewater. To determine the characteristics of organic material and the composition of the initial and equilibrium phases, the following analysis methods were used: volumetric, complexometric, pH-metric, X-ray fluorescence, chromatographic, spectrophotometric, luminescence-photometric and X-ray diffraction. The thermal nitrogen desorption method was used for determining the specific surface area and pore sizes with the Quantachrome Nova 1000e automatic analyzer. The sorption properties of the reprocessing product of the fresh poultry manure were investigated in relation to organic and inorganic compounds: phenols, benzene, ketones, cations of lead, mercury, manganese and iron. Based on the results obtained, technical conditions were developed for the use of the reprocessed organic waste-based product as a sorption material for household, industrial and technological wastewater purification from organic and inorganic components.

scholarly journals Ti/RuO2-IrO2-SnO2 Anode for Electrochemical Degradation of Pollutants in Pharmaceutical Wastewater: Optimization and Degradation Performances

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Guozhen Zhang ◽  
Xingxing Huang ◽  
Jinye Ma ◽  
Fuping Wu ◽  
Tianhong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Oxide Coating ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Pharmaceutical Wastewater ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Dimensionally Stable Anodes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Cod Removal Rate

Electrochemical oxidation technology is an effective technique to treat high-concentration wastewater, which can directly oxidize refractory pollutants into simple inorganic compounds such as H2O and CO2. In this work, two-dimensionally stable anodes, Ti/RuO2-IrO2-SnO2, have been developed in order to degrade organic pollutants from pharmaceutical wastewater. Characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the oxide coating was successfully fabricated on the Ti plate surface. Electrocatalytic oxidation conditions of high concentration pharmaceutical wastewater was discussed and optimized, and the best results showed that the COD removal rate was 95.92% with the energy consumption was 58.09 kW·h/kgCOD under the electrode distance of 3 cm, current density of 8 mA/cm2, initial pH of 2, and air flow of 18 L/min.

First (3 + 2)-dimensional superspace approach to the structure of levyclaudite-(Sb), a member of the cylindrite-type minerals

2006 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 775-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Evain ◽  
Vaclav Petricek ◽  
Yves Moëlo ◽  
Colette Maurel
Keyword(s):  
Energy Minimization ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Layer Compound ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Density Modulation ◽  
Wavelength Control ◽  
A Charge ◽  
Positively Charged

The structure of synthetic levyclaudite-(Sb), approximately (Pb1 − y Sb y S)1.357[Sn1 − x (Cu2) x S2], has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction on the basis of the (3 + 2)-dimensional superspace approach. This misfit-layer compound, of the cylindrite type, results from the combination of two heavily modulated triclinic Q and H subsystems with a common q wavevector and only one shared reciprocal axis (stacking direction). The Q pseudo-tetragonal layer, ∼(Pb0.70Sb0.30S), derived from the NaCl archetype, is positively charged; the H pseudo-hexagonal layer, ∼(Sn0.85Cu0.30S2), derived from the CdI2 archetype, is negatively charged, owing to the replacement of Sn4+ in an octahedral coordination by Cu+ pairs in an opposite triangular coordination. The analysis shows a strong transverse displacive modulation of the two layers, referred to as a `mondulation', correlated to a maximal Sb site occupation factor in the concavity of the Q layer undulation. The wavelength control of the `mondulation' obeys the vernier principle (14cQ ≅ 13cH ), which would correspond to an energy minimization through a charge transfer density modulation wave, common to all two-dimensional misfit-layer inorganic compounds.

scholarly journals Solvothermally derived Me2(H2O)4(5SSA)3·DMF and Me2(H2O)4(4NSA)2·DMF: Application as Biginelli reaction catalysts

Chemija ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrius Laurikėnas ◽  
Fatma Yalçin ◽  
Robertas Žilinskas ◽  
Ayse Uztetik Morkan ◽  
Albinas Žilinskas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solvothermal Synthesis ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Biginelli Reaction ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hybrid Compounds ◽  
Phase And Chemical Composition ◽  
Scanning Electron

The solvothermal synthesis between Me(NO3)x ∙ yH2O (Mex+ = Fe3+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Cu2+) and respectively 4-nitrosalycilic (4NSA) and 5-sulfosalicylic (5SSA) acids produced hybrid organic-inorganic compounds composed of Mex+ ions and organic fragments which include three different functional groups, carboxylic, hydroxyl and sulfonic, each coordinated to the Mex+ ions. The phase and chemical composition, microstructure and properties of Me2(H2O)4(5SSA)3·DMF and Me2(H2O)4(4NSA)2·DMF (DMF – dimethylformamide) hybrid compounds were evaluated and discussed. The synthesised materials were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The catalytic properties of the obtained compounds were also investigated.

scholarly journals A deep-learning technique for phase identification in multiphase inorganic compounds using synthetic XRD powder patterns

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Woong Lee ◽  
Woon Bae Park ◽  
Jin Hee Lee ◽  
Satendra Pal Singh ◽  
Kee-Sun Sohn
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Learning Technique ◽  
Xrd Patterns

AbstractHere we report a facile, prompt protocol based on deep-learning techniques to sort out intricate phase identification and quantification problems in complex multiphase inorganic compounds. We simulate plausible powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns for 170 inorganic compounds in the Sr-Li-Al-O quaternary compositional pool, wherein promising LED phosphors have been recently discovered. Finally, 1,785,405 synthetic XRD patterns are prepared by combinatorically mixing the simulated powder XRD patterns of 170 inorganic compounds. Convolutional neural network (CNN) models are built and eventually trained using this large prepared dataset. The fully trained CNN model promptly and accurately identifies the constituent phases in complex multiphase inorganic compounds. Although the CNN is trained using the simulated XRD data, a test with real experimental XRD data returns an accuracy of nearly 100% for phase identification and 86% for three-step-phase-fraction quantification.

scholarly journals Characterization of the powder obtained from wasted tires reduced by pyrolysis and thermal shock process

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mis-Fernandez ◽  
J.A. Azamar-Barrios ◽  
C.R. Rios-Soberanis
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Shock ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Shock Process ◽  
Carbon Compounds ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Phase Production

This paper reports on the physicochemical characterization of solid powder obtained directly from wasted tires through pyrolysis and thermal shock process. Two different processes to reduce wasted tires were performed in order to acquire the residuals in powder to be characterized and compared.During this research, three phases were observed when pyrolysis was applied to rubber: the first one a solid black phase formed by organic and inorganic compounds such as zinc oxide (ZnO) and zinc sulphur (ZnS); secondly a gaseous phase containing hydrocarbons i.e. aromatic compounds and, finally, a liquid phase formed by heavy and light oils. By using X-ray diffraction technique, the relationship between temperature and the presence of inorganic compounds was determined varying the temperature of pyrolysis. In addition to X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy were used to fully characterize the samples. Comparing the results observed in both processes, it was found that thermal shock process presents some advantages over the pyrolytic, i.e. energy consume and solid black phase production; however, by pyrolytic egradation a powder richer in carbon compounds is obtained.

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE OF ORGANYLTRIPHENYLPHOSPHONIUM DICYANOARGENTATES: [Ph3P(CH2)3PPh3]2+ [Ag(CN)2]– [Br]– AND [Ph3PR]+ [Ag(CN)2]–, R = CH2CH2OH, CH2C6H4F-4

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Sharutin ◽  
Olga K. Sharutina ◽  
Marina A. Popkova ◽  
Elena I. Danilina
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Characteristic Feature ◽  
Crystal Size ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Tetrahedral Configuration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cyano Groups

The reaction of potassium dicyanoargentate with organyltriphenylphosphonium bromides in an aqueous solution has led to synthesis of complexes [Ph3P(CH2)3PPh3]2+[Ag(CN)2]–[Br]– (1), [Ph3PR]+[Ag(CN)2]–, R = CH2CH2OH (2), CH2C6H4F-4 (3), whose structures have been characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). It is known that the absorption range of cyano groups in IR spectra of organic and inorganic compounds is in the form of a narrow interval of 2200-2000 cm-1, which points at the absence of strong surroundings influence on vibrations of these bonds. The absorption bands in the range 1450-1435 cm-1 peculiar to the P-Ph bands that are present in the spectra of compounds 1, 2, 3 are apparent in the range 1437-1439 cm-1. The XRD data have been obtained at 293 K on a Bruker D8 QUEST automatic four-circle diffractometer: crystals 1 (C41H36AgBrN2P2, М 806.44, triclinic syngony, crystal size 0.72 × 0.37 × 0.3 mm), 2 (C22H20AgN2OP, M 467.24, triclinic syngony, crystal size 0.8 × 0.52 × 0.35 mm), 3 (C27H21AgFN2P, M 531.30, monoclinic syngony, crystal size 0.28 × 0.23 × 0.22 mm). According to the XRD data, crystals 1, 2, 3 contain organyltriphenylphosphonium cations and linear dicyanoargentate anions. Besides, bromide anions are observed in crystal 1. A characteristic feature of complexes with the [Ag(CN)2]− anions is their perspective utility for development of new nano- and liquid crystal systems. The organyltriphenylphosphonium cations have a distorted tetrahedral configuration: the CPC angles vary within the range 106.70(8)° - 113.37(9)°. In the [Ag(CN)2]−anions the CAgC angles equal 171.75(10)° – 178.37(8)°.

scholarly journals William Lawrence Bragg, 31 March 1890 - 1 July 1971

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 74-143 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Living Cell ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Intensive Work ◽  
Unique Part

Walking along the Backs in Cambridge one day in the autumn of 1912 William Lawrence Bragg had an idea that led immediately to a dramatic advance in physics and has since transformed chemistry, mineralogy, metallurgy and, most recently, biology. He realized that the observations of X-ray diffraction by a crystal, which had been reported by von Laue and his associates earlier in that year, can be interpreted very simply as arising from reflexion of the X-rays by planes of atoms in the crystal and hence that the X-ray observations provide evidence from which the arrangement of atoms in the crystal may be determined. A few weeks of intensive work on simple inorganic compounds were enough to demonstrate the correctness of these ideas but the development of the method, at first in association with his father and later as the leader or guiding influence of a host of workers, was the labour of a lifetime. When he died on 1 July 1971, X-ray crystallography had revealed the arrangement of atoms in matter of all kinds from the simplest of salts to the macromolecules of the living cell. The story of his life is very largely the story of that achievement and the circumstances that led to his unique part in it.

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