scholarly journals Disinfection of Dental Chair Water Using Aqueous Chlorine Dioxide

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 3442
Author(s):  
Li-Lin Wei ◽  
Chan-Chih Hu ◽  
Chu-Wei Hsu ◽  
Chun-Wei Pen ◽  
Li-Yu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Water System ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Legal Standards ◽  
Dental Chair ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Closed Water

Chlorine dioxide is a safe, environmentally friendly disinfecting agent. In this study, aqueous chlorine dioxide (ACD) was used to improve the water quality of dental chairs. However, chlorine dioxide is readily released from ACD solutions under open atmosphere conditions. Described herein is a water purification and disinfection system using ACD. The system was designed, fabricated, and integrated into an existing dental chair water system. This system is referred to as an ACD dental chair. Because ClO2 readily degasses from ACD, there needs to be a way to maintain and measure the ACD solution in real time. In our studies, we found that pH and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) change as a function of chlorine dioxide concentration and are easily controlled and measured. The dosing of the ACD was designed to begin at 800 mV and stop dosing at 810 mV in the ACD dental chair. Through use of this continuous monitoring and automatic dosing system, the water ORP was controlled between 800 and 860 mV. This range is the effective concentration of chlorine dioxide that is without chlorine-like odor and microorganism growth. The ACD dental chair controlled the total bacterial count to <5 CFU/mL and the chlorite concentration was less than 0.0004 mg/L, meeting legal standards of Taiwan, the USA, and China. In addition to the application of ACD in dental chairs, it may also be used in closed water systems for food, cosmetics, beverages, and other industries.

scholarly journals Controlling CH4 Emissions from Integrated Vertical-Flow Constructed Wetlands by Using Potassium Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) as Oxidant

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongbing Luo ◽  
YaLi Guo ◽  
Xiaoling Liu ◽  
Aiping Pu ◽  
Ke Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Water System ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Blank Group ◽  
Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential ◽  
Stem Leaf ◽  
Potassium Peroxymonosulfate

Abstract It is very important to control methane emissions to reduce global warming. In this study, an attempt was made to adjust the oxidation-reduction potential (Eh) by adding different mass of potassium peroxymonosulfate (PMS) (0 g, 31.25 g, 62.5 g, 125 g, 250 g and 500 g) to reduce methane from integrated vertical-flow constructed wetlands (IVCW). Results show that the reduced CH4 emission from IVCW was the highest with decreased by 43.5% compared to blank group (PMS=0), when adding 125g PMS. Importantly, the reduced CH4 from the root-water system of IVCW was higher than that of the stem-leaf system of IVCW, when adding PMS. It’s found that Eh not only has a significant correlation with CH4 flux, but also has a significant relationship between PMS quality, DO, water temperature and sampling time (yEh= -0.44XPMS + 6.82XDO + 0.38t - 264.1, R2 = 0.99). It concludes that PMS, as an oxidant, is a very feasible method for controlling methane emissions from IVCW. Further research may combine other methods such as microbiology, physical control and hydrology control for mitigating the CH4 emissions from constructed wetlands.

scholarly journals Electrochemical behavior of the catalyst with kaolinite-bentonite substrate in water

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Cvetkovic ◽  
Jelena Purenovic ◽  
Aleksandra Zarubica
Keyword(s):  
Water System ◽  
Porous Ceramics ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Stationary Potential ◽  
Water Characteristics ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential ◽  
Bentonite Clays ◽  
Alloyed Aluminium ◽  
Aluminium Silicate

Due to the fact that oxidation-reduction potential and rH2 value of every water are its crucial features, numerous efforts have been made to use electrochemical means for water preparation. In this paper, we report the results of electrochemical influence research of magnesium-aluminium silicate catalyst, in the form of ceramics made of kaolinite and bentonite clays, on the rH2, pH and EOR changes of the waters of particular characteristics in the wanted direction. Particularly, the possibility of changing "active water" characteristics was investigated. The composite made with micro alloyed aluminium exhibits a very negative stationary potential and its interaction with water results in water reduction. Addition of some active components to the mixture of kaolin and bentonite can provide clay mixtures, which after sintering at high temperatures produce very porous ceramics with microcrystalline and amorphous regions of stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric new oxides and some metallized surface (in our case-mainly with magnesium surplus). Nonstoichiometric oxide mixtures and metallized amorphous ceramics regions show high electrochemical and chemical activities in contact with water. This leads to redox potential changes and appearance of Mg2+ ions in the magnesium aluminium silicate-water system.

Inhibition of Microbial Growth and Enrichment of γ-Aminobutyric Acid during Germination of Brown Rice by Electrolyzed Oxidizing Water

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHAN-HUI LU ◽  
YAN ZHANG ◽  
LI-TE LI ◽  
REMPEL B. CURTIS ◽  
XIAO-LIN KONG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Germinated Brown Rice ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Aerobic Plate Count

Electrolyzed oxidizing water (EOW) has been regarded as a potential environmentally friendly broad spectrum microbial decontaminant. EOW with a pH of 3.0 and oxidation reduction potential of 1,079.0 mV were generated by the electrolysis of a dilute NaCl solution (20 mM) in an electrochemical cell. The effects of EOW, 1% NaClO solution, and alkaline electrolyzed water on controlling microbial growth, germination ratio, and enrichmentof γ-aminobutyric acid in germinated brown rice (GBR) were evaluated in this study. Results show that EOW was the most effective at inhibiting microbial growth during germination. Rinsing the rice grains with EOW at 12-h intervals resulted in aerobic plate count reductions of 4.82 log CFU/g, while soaking resulted in bacterial count reductions of 5.38 log CFU/g after 72 h of germination. Moreover, EOW significantly enriched γ-aminobutyric acid content in GBR (P &lt; 0.05); content was increased 1.6 times in grain rinsed with EOW and 1.8 times in grain soaked in EOW. The findings indicate that EOW is a feasible disinfectant for industrial GBR production.

scholarly journals In situ measurements of oxidation–reduction potential and hydrogen peroxide concentration as tools for revealing LPMO inactivation during enzymatic saccharification of cellulose

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Kadić ◽  
Anikó Várnai ◽  
Vincent G. H. Eijsink ◽  
Svein Jarle Horn ◽  
Gunnar Lidén
Keyword(s):  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Enzymatic Saccharification ◽  
The State ◽  
Enzyme Inactivation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Process Economics ◽  
Complete Inactivation ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential

Abstract Background Biochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to simple sugars at commercial scale is hampered by the high cost of saccharifying enzymes. Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) may hold the key to overcome economic barriers. Recent studies have shown that controlled activation of LPMOs by a continuous H2O2 supply can boost saccharification yields, while overdosing H2O2 may lead to enzyme inactivation and reduce overall sugar yields. While following LPMO action by ex situ analysis of LPMO products confirms enzyme inactivation, currently no preventive measures are available to intervene before complete inactivation. Results Here, we carried out enzymatic saccharification of the model cellulose Avicel with an LPMO-containing enzyme preparation (Cellic CTec3) and H2O2 feed at 1 L bioreactor scale and followed the oxidation–reduction potential and H2O2 concentration in situ with corresponding electrode probes. The rate of oxidation of the reductant as well as the estimation of the amount of H2O2 consumed by LPMOs indicate that, in addition to oxidative depolymerization of cellulose, LPMOs consume H2O2 in a futile non-catalytic cycle, and that inactivation of LPMOs happens gradually and starts long before the accumulation of LPMO-generated oxidative products comes to a halt. Conclusion Our results indicate that, in this model system, the collapse of the LPMO-catalyzed reaction may be predicted by the rate of oxidation of the reductant, the accumulation of H2O2 in the reactor or, indirectly, by a clear increase in the oxidation–reduction potential. Being able to monitor the state of the LPMO activity in situ may help maximizing the benefit of LPMO action during saccharification. Overcoming enzyme inactivation could allow improving overall saccharification yields beyond the state of the art while lowering LPMO and, potentially, cellulase loads, both of which would have beneficial consequences on process economics.

scholarly journals The Negative Impact of Varicocele on Basic Semen Parameters, Sperm Nuclear DNA Dispersion and Oxidation-Reduction Potential in Semen

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5977
Author(s):  
Kamil Gill ◽  
Michal Kups ◽  
Patryk Harasny ◽  
Tomasz Machalowski ◽  
Marta Grabowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Sperm Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Infertile Men ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential ◽  
Sperm Dna

Since varicocele is so common in infertile men, this study intends to analyse the relationships between varicocele and conventional semen characteristics, sperm nuclear DNA dispersion and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) in semen. Varicocele-positive and varicocele-negative infertile men (study groups) showed significantly lower standard sperm parameters and higher sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) and ORP in semen than healthy volunteers and subjects with proven fertility (control groups). A lower proportion of low SDF levels (0–15% SDF) and higher incidence of high SDF levels (>30% SDF), as well as a higher prevalence of high ORP values (>1.37 mV/106 sperm/mL), were found in the study groups vs. the control groups. Moreover, infertile men had significantly lower odds ratios (ORs) for low SDF levels and significantly higher ORs for high SDF levels and high ORP. SDF and ORP were negatively correlated with sperm number, morphology, motility and vitality. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was found between SDF and ORP. The obtained results suggest that disorders of spermatogenesis may occur in varicocele-related infertility. These abnormalities are manifested not only by reduced standard semen parameters but also by decreased sperm DNA integrity and simultaneously increased oxidative stress in semen.

scholarly journals The effect of seaweed extract on tomato plant growth, productivity and soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashmath Inayath Hussain ◽  
Naga Kasinadhuni ◽  
Tony Arioli
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Tomato Plant ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Seaweed Extract ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Soil Biology

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of seaweed extract (SWE) made from the brown algae Durvillaea potatorum and Ascophyllum nodosum on plants and soil. The application of SWE to soil growing tomato plants showed dual effects. SWE comprehensively improved tomato plant growth (flower clusters, flower number, fruit number, root length, root and shoot dry weight, SPAD) and increased plant productivity (yield and quality). Similarly, SWE application effected soil biology at the soil root zone by increasing total bacterial count and available soil nitrogen and impacting bacterial community diversity with an increase in certain bacterial families linked to soil health. A broader understanding of the effects of SWE on the plant-soil ecosystem may offer breakthrough approaches for sustainable food production.

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