scholarly journals Runoff Characteristics and Soil Loss Mechanism in the Weathered Granite Area under Simulated Rainfall

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 3453
Author(s):  
Tianyu Sun ◽  
Longzhou Deng ◽  
Kai Fei ◽  
Xiaojuan Fan ◽  
Liping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Loss ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Enrichment Ratio ◽  
Stream Power ◽  
Loss Mechanism ◽  
Weathered Granite ◽  
Sediment Size ◽  
Artificial Rainfall ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Hilly Region

Soils developed from the parent materials of highly weathered granite are particularly susceptible to soil erosion. Therefore, it is of great significance to conduct in-depth research on runoff characteristics and soil loss mechanisms in weathered granite areas. Using the weathered granite area in the hilly region of southeastern China as the research object, we conducted indoor artificial rainfall simulation experiments involving three slope steepnesses (SSs), 8°, 15°, and 25°, and five rainfall intensities (RIs), 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 mm/min. The results showed that sediment load (SL) has positively linear relationships with mean runoff velocity (V), Reynolds number (Re), Froude number (Fr), shear stress (τ), and stream power (w). The eroded sediment was principally composed of silt and clay that accounted for 65.41–73.41% of the total SL. There was a boundary point at 0.02 mm for the particle size distribution (PSD) of the eroded sediment. The enrichment ratio (Er) of sand-grained particles (0.02–2 mm) ranged from approximately 0.45 to 0.65, while the Er of fine-grained particles (<0.02 mm) ranged from approximately 1.37 to 1.80. These results increase our understanding of the relationships among RI, SS, runoff, and soil losses from weathered granite hillslopes, particularly the relationships between different hydraulic parameters and sediment size characteristics.

scholarly journals Effects of Maize Residue Biochar Amendments on Soil Properties and Soil Loss on Acidic Hutton Soil

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Nyambo ◽  
Thembalethu Taeni ◽  
Cornelius Chiduza ◽  
Tesfay Araya
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Incubation Experiment ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Soil Weight ◽  
Biochar Amendment

Soil acidification is a serious challenge and a major cause of declining soil and crop productivity in the Eastern parts of South Africa (SA). An incubation experiment investigated effects of different maize residue biochar rates on selected soil properties and soil loss in acidic Hutton soils. Biochar amendment rates were 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% (soil weight) laid as a completely randomized design. Soil sampling was done on a 20-day interval for 140 days to give a 5 × 7 factorial experiment. Rainfall simulation was conducted at 60, 100 and 140 days after incubation to quantify soil loss. Relative to the control biochar amendments significantly improved soil physicochemical properties. After 140 days, biochar increased soil pH by between 0.34 to 1.51 points, soil organic carbon (SOC) by 2.2% to 2.34%, and microbial activity (MBC) by 496 to 1615 mg kg−1 compared to control. Soil aggregation (MWD) changes varied from 0.58 mm to 0.70 mm for the duration of the trial. Soil loss significantly decreased by 27% to 70% under biochar amendment compared to control. This indicates that maize residue biochar application has the potential to improve the soil properties and reduce soil loss in the degraded acidic Hutton soil.

scholarly journals The effects of Rubus hyrcanus L. and Philonotis marchica (Hedw.) Brid. on soil loss prevention from cutslopes of a forest road

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 337-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Parsakhoo ◽  
M. Lotfalian ◽  
A. Kavian ◽  
S.A. Hosseini ◽  
M. Demir
Keyword(s):  
Soil Loss ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Forest Roads ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
Runoff And Soil Loss ◽  
The City ◽  
Runoff And Sedimentation

The effects of Rubus hyrcanus L. and Philonotis marchica (Hedw.) Bridon on runoff generation and soil loss from cutslopes of forest roads were investigated. The study was conducted at the northern forest of Iran, about 30 km south of the city of Sari. Runoff and sedimentation after each rainfall simulation and chemical and physical soil properties were measured in 14 plots with an area of 0.48 m<sup>2</sup>. The obtained results indicate that the vegetation dominated by Philonotis marchica exhibited the higher runoff coefficient and soil loss, with averages of 27.25% and 92.40&nbsp;g&middot;m<sup>&ndash;2</sup>&middot;h<sup>&ndash;1</sup>(gram per square meter per hour), respectively, in comparison to Rubus hyrcanus. For Philonotis marchica (Hedw.) Brid. the sediment concentration increased quickly at the beginning of rainfall simulations and after 10&ndash;12 min there was a fast decrease in sediment concentration. The peak of sediment concentration was for the Rubus hyrcanus L. in the 13<sup>th</sup>&ndash;15<sup>th</sup> min In conclusion, Rubus hyrcanus L. prevented or decreased the risk of runoff and soil loss from cutslopes of forest roads in our study area. &nbsp;

scholarly journals A rainfall simulation study of erosion of some calcareous soils

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-183 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Runoff And Soil Loss ◽  
Raindrop Impact ◽  
Rain Simulator

In order to study the erodibility characteristics of some calcareous soils from Central Greece, the instability of aggregates of 2.0-4.7 mm in water was studied. Soil loss experiments were also conducted in the laboratory using a rain simulator where soil loss was measured and the soils’ attitude was studied under the conditions of simulated rainfall. It was found that the instability of aggregates is negatively correlated with cation exchange capacity and the total specific surface of soils. Also the calcium carbonate content affects positively the aggregates instability. The process which seems to control dominantly the time that runoff occurs and the runoff and soil loss quantity, is the creation of surface seals with raindrop impact due to large calcium carbonate quantities that are met in the clay fraction.

scholarly journals PELINDIAN UNSUR KALIUM (K) DAN NATRIUM (Na) MATERIAL VULKANIK HASIL ERUPSI GUNUNG MERAPI 2010 (Simulasi Laboratorium)

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Taufiq Perak Sanjaya ◽  
Jauhari Syamsiyah ◽  
Dwi Priyo Ariyanto ◽  
Komariah Komariah
Keyword(s):  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Volcanic Material ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Artificial Rainfall ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Sample Depth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

<p>This research was conducted at the Greenhouse Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University Surakarta, in March 2011. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the rainfall (synthetic) the number of elements Potassium (K) and Sodium (Na) were leached in volcanic material from the eruption of Mount Merapi. This study used artificial rainfall simulation approach to treatment is based on the phenomenon of the eruption of Mount Merapi, Yogyakarta, Central Java by examining the leaching elements Sodium (Na) and Potassium (K) are swapped in the above-ground volcanic material Andisol. The experiments in this study using a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 3 to 5 treatments the sample depth artificial rain (water sprinkling) in 3 replications, namely 1 (22 mm x 1 day (22 mm)), 2 (22 mm x 10 days (220 mm)), 3 (22 mm x 20 days (440 mm)), 4 (22 mm x 30 days (660 mm)), 5 (22 mm x 45 days (990 mm)), and control ( 45 days field) with 3 replicates each. The variables measured were pH H2O, available K and Na, K and Na total, CEC, texture. Analysis of the data using the F test at the level of 95% or Kruskal-Wallis, to compare the mean between treatments using DMR test at the level of 95% or Mood Median, whereas to determine the relationship between variables used correlation test. The results showed that administration of rainfall of 22 mm / day is able to affect the leaching of potassium and sodium in the volcanic material from day 10. Leaching was significantly visible on day 30 with a decrease in available K and Na volcanic material at a depth of 0-15 cm in diameter (K 23.08%) (23.08% Na) and at a depth of 15-30 cm (K 21, 42%) (23.08% Na), and the addition of K and Na are available at a depth of &gt;30 cm in the form of land Andisol (K 16.67%) (23.53% Na) from the previous treatment.</p>

scholarly journals Investigating transport capacity equations in sediment yield modelling for the Cariri semi-arid region of Paraiba-PB/Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 367 ◽  
pp. 374-381
Author(s):  
E. E. De Figueiredo ◽  
C. C. R. A. Souto ◽  
Z. C. Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
The State ◽  
Transport Capacity ◽  
Stream Power ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Physically Based Model ◽  
Sediment Size ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract. In the semi arid Cariri region of the state of Paraiba, Brazil, runoff is of the Hortonian type generated by excess of rainfall over infiltration capacity, and soil erosion is governed by rainfall intensity and sediment size. However, the governing sediment transport mechanism is not well understood. Sediment transport generally depends on the load of sediment provided by soil erosion and on the transport capacity of the flow. The latter is mainly governed by mechanisms such as water shear stress, or stream power. Accordingly, the load of sediment transported by the flow may vary depending on the mechanism involved in the equation of estimation. Investigation of the sediment transport capacity of the flow via a distributed physically-based model is an important and necessary task, but quite rare in semi-arid climates, and particularly in the Cariri region of the state of Paraíba/Brazil. In this study, the equations of Yalin, Engelund &amp; Hansen, Laursen, DuBoys and Bagnold have been coupled with the MOSEE distributed physically based model aiming at identifying the mechanisms leading to the best model simulations when compared with data observed at various basin scales and land uses in the study region. The results obtained with the investigated methods were quite similar and satisfactory suggesting the feasibility of the mechanisms involved, but the observed values were better represented with Bagnold’s equation, which is physically grounded on the stream power, and we recommend it for simulations of similar climate, runoff generation mechanisms and sediment characteristics as in the study region.

scholarly journals Mulching with Terrace Strengthen on Surface Runoff, Erosion, and Sediment Enrichment Ratio

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Trinugraheni Trinugraheni ◽  
Jaka Suyana ◽  
Sumarno Sumarno
Keyword(s):  
Land Degradation ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Enrichment Ratio ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Annona Squamosa ◽  
Randomized Block Design

<p>Land degradation causes increase erosion on agricultural land. Andisol soil contains more fractions sand making aggregate easily dispersed. Soil loss due to erosion can lead to nutrients loss needed by plants. Corn stem mulching to reduce erosion and runoff.Corn stem mulch can be combined with terrace strengthen to decrease surface runoff and erosion.The study used randomized block design with 4 treatments and repeated 3 times as a block so that there are 12 experimental unit. Category of group iscabbage, red lentils and white lentils. The results showed that corn stem mulch 12 ton-1ha with kalanjana + annona able to reduce 4,5% of surface runoff, erosion 15,5%.Corn stem mulch 4 ton-1ha with Vetiverazizanioides+Annona squamosa as terrace strengthen withSER (Sediment Enrichment Ratio) has a (C-organic = 0,94; N-total = 1,04; P-total = 2,21; P-available = 1,40; K-total of 0,87; K-available 0,73) and suppresses loss nutrients in the Andisol soil.</p>

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