Effects of Maize Residue Biochar Amendments on Soil Properties and Soil Loss on Acidic Hutton Soil

Soil acidification is a serious challenge and a major cause of declining soil and crop productivity in the Eastern parts of South Africa (SA). An incubation experiment investigated effects of different maize residue biochar rates on selected soil properties and soil loss in acidic Hutton soils. Biochar amendment rates were 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% (soil weight) laid as a completely randomized design. Soil sampling was done on a 20-day interval for 140 days to give a 5 × 7 factorial experiment. Rainfall simulation was conducted at 60, 100 and 140 days after incubation to quantify soil loss. Relative to the control biochar amendments significantly improved soil physicochemical properties. After 140 days, biochar increased soil pH by between 0.34 to 1.51 points, soil organic carbon (SOC) by 2.2% to 2.34%, and microbial activity (MBC) by 496 to 1615 mg kg−1 compared to control. Soil aggregation (MWD) changes varied from 0.58 mm to 0.70 mm for the duration of the trial. Soil loss significantly decreased by 27% to 70% under biochar amendment compared to control. This indicates that maize residue biochar application has the potential to improve the soil properties and reduce soil loss in the degraded acidic Hutton soil.

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Leaching of Picloram in ultisol under different rainfall volumes

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582011000500021 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 29 (spe) ◽

pp. 1129-1136 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

E.C Assis ◽

A.A Silva ◽

L D'Antonino ◽

M.E.L.R Queiroz ◽

L.C Barbosa

Keyword(s):

Liquid Chromatography ◽

High Performance ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Soil Sampling ◽

Horizontal Position ◽

Leaching Potential ◽

Excess Water ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Plot Design

The present study aimed to evaluate the leaching potential of Picloram in Ultisol columns under different rainfall amounts. For such, 30 treatments were evaluated (one soil associated with three levels of rainfall and ten depths).The experiments were arranged in a split-plot design, in a completely randomized design, with four replications. PVC columns of 10 cm in diameter and 50 cm in length were filled with these soils, moistened, and placed upright for 48 hours to drain the excess water. The herbicide was applied and rainfall simulations were carried out at specified intensities, according to the treatments, to force Picloram leaching. After 72 hours, all the columns were arranged in a horizontal position and opened lengthwise. Then, soil sampling was carried out every 5 cm of depth for subsequent herbicide extraction and quantification and analysis by high performance liquid chromatography. The remaining soil samples were placed in plastic pots, and, at the respective depths, the indicator species Cucumis sativus was sown. Twenty-one days after the emergence (DAE) of the indicator plants, evaluations were conducted to verify the symptoms of toxicity caused by Picloram in the plants. It was concluded that Picloram leaching is directly dependent on the volume of rain applied. The herbicide reached the deepest regions in the soil with the highest intensity of rain. The results obtained by bioassay were in agreement with those found by liquid chromatography.

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Effect of Nanoparticle Phosphate Rock and Phosphate Solubilizing Fungi on Soil P-Potential, P-Retention, Organic Carbon and Base Saturation on Cilembu’s Inceptisols

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1044.143 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1044 ◽

pp. 143-150

Author(s):

Muhammad Amir Solihin ◽

Pujawati Suryatmana ◽

Fajri Syahid Nurhakim ◽

Rina Devnita ◽

Mahfud Arifin

Keyword(s):

Soil Properties ◽

Crop Production ◽

Phosphate Rock ◽

Base Saturation ◽

Organic P ◽

Soil P ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Phosphate Solubilizing ◽

P Retention

Intensive agricultural cultivation on Cilembu’s Inceptisols has become several soil properties problem for crop production. Nanoparticle phosphate rock and phosphate solubilizing fungi have ability to increase some soil properties content. The research aimed to observe the effect of nanoparticle phosphate rock and phosphate solubilizing fungi on soil P-potential, P-retention, C-organic and base saturation on Cilembu’s Inceptisols. The experiment arranged in Completely Randomized Design. The nanoparticle phosphate rock consisted of 4 levels. The phosphate solubilizing fungi consisted of 2 levels, and 2 replication. Soil P-Potential, P-Retention, C-organic, and Base Saturation were observed. The factors was observed after one month incubation on soil. Results showed that there were an interaction between nanoparticle phosphate rock and phosphate solubilizing fungi on the C-organic after one month incubation. Nanoparticle phosphate rock had affected on C-organic, P-potential and base saturation significantly, but had not affected on P-retention. Utilization of phosphate solubilizing fungi as soil ameliorant had affected significantly on P-potential and C-organic, but had not affected on P-retention and base saturation. Nanoparticle phosphate rock with a dose of 6% had the best effect on increase P-potential and base saturation

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Biochar as soil amendment: Impact on chemical properties and corn nutrient uptake in a Podzol

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.1139/cjss-2015-0044 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 96 (4) ◽

pp. 400-412 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

A.B. Syuhada ◽

J. Shamshuddin ◽

C.I. Fauziah ◽

A.B. Rosenani ◽

A. Arifin

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Total N ◽

Fertilized Soil ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Exchangeable Al ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Healthy Growth ◽

The Impact ◽

Biochar Amendment

A study was conducted to investigate the impact of biochar amendment on chemical properties and corn nutrient uptake in a sandy Podzol soil. Four rates of biochar (0, 5, 10, and 15 g kg−1) and two rates of inorganic fertilizer (0 and local recommendation rate for corn) were randomly applied to a completely randomized design with four replicates. Corn was grown for 45 d in a glasshouse using sandy Podzol. The increase in pH of the soil was concomitant with a decrease of exchangeable Al. The fertilized soil significantly increased total N, with a concomitant decrease in soil pH due to a N nitrification. Positive changes did occur in the soil due to biochar application, leading to a significant increase in dry matter yield and corn height. Corn N and K uptakes were significantly increased by the addition of biochar, but the same was not true for Ca and Mg. However, it was found that the concentrations of N, Ca, and Mg in the corn tissue were still lower than their critical level. Our results demonstrate that application of biochar alone is not able to supply enough nutrients for the healthy growth of corn.

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PENGARUH APLIKASI KOMPOS KOTORAN KAMBING DENGAN RESIDU UREA-HUMAT TERHADAP UNSUR P, K SERTA PERTUMBUHAN OKRA (Abelmoshus esculentus L.) PADA ENTISOL, WAJAK MALANG

Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan ◽

10.21776/ub.jtsl.2021.008.1.13 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 101-106

Author(s):

Cahyo Bagus Susanto ◽

Syahrul Kurniawan

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Humic Acid ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Base Saturation ◽

Leaf Number ◽

Exchangeable K ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Goat Manure ◽

Soil Residue

Entisol of Wajak Malang has low base saturation and organic matter and slightly acid. The result of the analysis also showed that soil has nutrient P with high criteria; however, N, K, Ca, Mg, Na contents are low to very low criteria. Application of humic acid at the first planting can leave residual nutrients and can still be used in the second planting. Besides urea-humic, goat manure can also be because it can improve soil properties, organic matter and nutrients contents. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of the application of urea-humic residue with goat manure on the availability of phosphorus, potassium and the growth of okra on an Entisol of Wajak Malang. The combination of treatments consisted of: U1 (soil residue urea-humic 100% + goat manure), UH1 (soil residue of urea-humic 75% + goat manure), UH2 (soil residue of urea-humic 100% + goat manure), UH3 (soil residue of urea-humic 125% + goat manure), UH4 (soil residue if urea-humic 150% + goat manure). The five treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with three replicates. The results showed that urea-humic residue with application goat manure had no significant effect on available P, exchangeable K in the soil, plants height and leaf number of okra on 4, 6 and 8 weeks after planting.

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Dynamics of Clomazone Formulations Under Different Applications Conditions

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582019370100076 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

Author(s):

L. TROPALDI ◽

I.P.F.S. BRITO ◽

R.C. DIAS ◽

M.L.B. TRINDADE ◽

C.A. CARBONARI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Rainfall Simulation ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Sugarcane Straw ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Urochloa Decumbens ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Production Areas

ABSTRACT: Maintenance of straw on the soil surface in sugarcane production areas can influence weed occurrence and herbicide dynamics. After application, considerable losses of clomazone can occur as a result of its physicochemical characteristics. For this reason, novel formulations have been developed. In addition to the conventional formulation, microencapsulated formulations are currently available. Thus, the aim of this study was to observe and compare the effect of clomazone formulations under different application conditions. For this purpose, the experiment was carried with 12 treatments in a completely randomized design, with four replications, using clomazone formulations (1,200 g a.i. ha-1), on soils with different moisture levels, in the presence and absence of sugarcane straw, followed or not by rainfall simulation. The treatments were compared by observation of number of emerged plants and phytotoxicity at 7 and 14 DAA, as well shoot dry matter at 14 DAA for Ipomoea nil, Urochloa decumbens and Panicum maximum. In general, the microencapsulated formulation presented a better performance under the less suitable application conditions when compared to the conventional one. However, for the other conditions, both formulations had a similar performance.

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Toxicity of Granules of Bintaro Leaf Extract (Cerbera odollam Gaertn.) on Armyworm (Spodoptera litura Fab.)

BIOEDUKASI ◽

10.19184/bioedu.v16i1.7717 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

Ahmad Habib Sholahuddin ◽

Wachju Subchan ◽

Jekti Prihatin

Keyword(s):

Pest Control ◽

Spodoptera Litura ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Environmental Damage ◽

Crop Failure ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Chemical Pesticides

Grayak caterpillar is insect pests that become pests of various food crops. Grayak caterpillars cause a decrease in crop productivity and even crop failure if they are not controlled. Pest control using chemical pesticides has many adverse effects on the environment. To minimize the occurrence of environmental damage, then it is used pest control using vegetable insecticides. Bintaro Leaf (Cerbera odollam Gaertn.) is potential as a vegetable insecticide. The purpose of this study was to examine the toxicity of granule from Bintaro leaf extract (C. odollam Gaertn.) on armyworms (S. litura Fab.). This research was a laboratory experimental research using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Serial concentrations used in this study were 0% (control), 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%. The results of this study showed that the granules of Bintaro leaf extract (C. odollam Gaertn.) were effective in causing mortality of armyworms (S. litura Fab.) at 1.5% concentration by 60% and included in toxic category. The value of LC50-48 hour granule from Bintaro leaf extract (C. odollam Gaertn) was 1.41%. Keywords: Spodoptera litura Fab. , Granula extract of Cerbera odollam Gaertn., Vegetable Insecticide.

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Evaluation of antioxidant enzymes activity in canola under salt stress

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE ◽

10.24297/jaa.v2i2.4249 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 88-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jafar Abili ◽

Sajjad Zare

Keyword(s):

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Arid Regions ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Salinity Levels ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Semi Arid

Salinity is one of the major stresses in arid and semi-arid regions causing adverse effects at physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels, limiting crop productivity. In this research, three canola cultivars (Licord, Talayeh, Zarfam) were compared at 5 salinity levels (control, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM) for their catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, superoxide dismutase activity,proline and yield in a completely randomized design with 3 replications. In our study, we found that NaCl concentrations greater than 150 and 200 mM caused the irreversible disorders. Increased salt concentrations led to significant changes in the levels of antioxidative enzymes and proline in three canola cultivars. Also, yield rates in three varieties decreased in the presence of NaCl concentrations.

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Formulation of Biochar-Based Phosphorus Fertilizer and Its Impact on Both Soil Properties and Chickpea Growth Performance

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12229528 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (22) ◽

pp. 9528

Author(s):

Farman Wali ◽

Muhammad Naveed ◽

Muhammad Asaad Bashir ◽

Muhammad Asif ◽

Zulfiqar Ahmad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Properties ◽

Sustainable Use ◽

Ammonium Phosphate ◽

Growth Yield ◽

World Population ◽

Incubation Experiment ◽

Randomized Design ◽

P Fertilizer ◽

The Impact ◽

P Fertilizers

There is no alternative to phosphorus (P) in agriculture as it is second most important plant nutrient after nitrogen. Mineral P fertilizers are derived from rock phosphate (RP) which is finite, non-renewable and geographically restricted to a few countries, thus its shortage likely affects agriculture in near future as the world population is growing at a greater pace. This could increase P inputs in agriculture in order to meet rising food demands which may result in the depletion of RP reserves. Furthermore, P losses from farmlands in case of mineral P fertilizers also demands the sustainable use of P not only because of its finite resources but also the environmental concerns associated with P fertilization such as eutrophication. The present study was designed to formulate biochar-based P fertilizer that would help in the sustainable use of P fertilizer. Biochar(s) were prepared using wheat straw at 350–400 °C pyrolytic temperature followed by enrichment with Di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) taking into account all possible combination of DAP to biochar on the w/w basis (0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0). Enrichment was carried out using two different methods i.e., phosphorus enriched biochar (PEB1) by hot method and cold method (PEB2). An incubation experiment was performed to assess the impact of each biochar on selected properties of soil. The treatments were organized in factorial arrangement under complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Both the amendments were applied at rate of 1% of dry soil on a w/w basis. A significant increase in soil extractable P and total nitrogen (N) was recorded for the ratio 50:50 as compared to control as well of rest of treatments. Similarly, high organic contents were found for both PEB1 and PEB2 at the ratio 50:50. An incubation experiment was followed by pot trial using 50:50 for both PEB1 and PEB2 and split doses of recommended P were applied (0%, 25%, 50% and 100%) with a control under CRD with three replications using chickpea as test crop. Both PEB1 and PEB2 with 50% P have significantly improved crop growth, yield, nodulation, and plant physiological and chemical parameters as compared to a recommended dose of P alone. The result may imply that the integration of P-enriched biochar and chemical fertilizer could be an effective approach to improve chickpea production and soil properties.

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Response of Maize to Different Levels of Zeolite and Nitrogen and Evaluation of Soil Chemical Properties as Influenced by Different Levels of Zeolite and Nitrogen

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2020/v39i3831090 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

C. H. Ravali ◽

K. Jeevan Rao ◽

T. Anjaiah ◽

K. Suresh

Keyword(s):

Soil Properties ◽

Significant Interaction ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Soil Chemical Properties ◽

Available P ◽

College Of Agriculture ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Different Levels

A pot study was conducted during kharif, 2018-19 in College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, PJTSAU, Hyderabad, with the aim to evaluate the response of maize to different levels of zeolite and nitrogen and to know the influence of zeolite on selected soil properties. The treatments consists of combinations of 3 levels of nitrogen (100, 150, 200 kg ha-1) and 4 levels of zeolite (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 t ha-1) along with a control in which only P and K were applied and they were replicated thrice in a factorial completely randomized design. Results indicated that application of zeolite (7.5 t ha-1) and nitrogen (200 kg ha-1) individually had significant effect on N, P, K contents in maize at 30, 60, 90 DAS and at harvest. N and P contents in maize was significantly higher in N200Z7.5 (Nitrogen @ 200 kg ha-1 + Zeolite @ 7.5 t ha-1) however, there was no significant interaction with respect to K content. At harvest, the available P and K were significantly higher in the treatment receiving N100Z7.5.

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ASSESSMENT OF MINED SOILS IN EROSION-DEGRADED FARMLANDS IN SOUTH-EASTERN NIGERIA

Estudos de Biologia ◽

10.7213/reb.v28i65.22169 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 28 (65) ◽

Author(s):

Emmanuel Uzoma Onweremadu

Keyword(s):

Soil Properties ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Degradation Index ◽

Surface Samples ◽

Randomized Design ◽

High Bulk Density ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

High Bulk

This study assessed degradation status of erosion devastated soils as well as ameliorative measures on such soils. Field sampling was aided by morphological landscape changes. Surface samples (0-20 cm) depth were randomly collected from two erosion units and used in conducting a greenhouse experiment using maize (Zea mays L.) as a test crop. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) and rates of ground periwinkle shells (GPS) and sewage sludge (SS) used as treatment. Treatments were replicated 9 times. Statistical tests of difference in soil properties were performed using t-statistic at p < 0.05. Status of soil degradation was evaluated using Land Degradation Index (LDI). Results showed low organic carbon content, and high bulk density and aggregate instability in eroded soils. The LDI values were high in most of physical parameters. The GPS and SS treatments significantly (p < 0.05) improved yield and soil properties except soil pH and aluminium saturation.

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