Characteristics of the most common deficiencies in the structure of the Russians’ nutrition and enriching additives for target foods

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
S.L. Lyublinskiy ◽  
S.A. Livinskaya ◽  
Yu.I. Sidorenko ◽  
A.A. Livinskiy
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Heme Iron ◽  
Intestinal Cells ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Modern Medical Practice ◽  
Complete Protein

Among alimentary diseases, those that are caused by a lack of complete protein, calcium, iodine, and iron rank fi rst. In modern medical practice, various preparations based on inorganic and organic compounds of iodine, calcium, and iron are widely used to treat these diseases. Patients have to take large, non-physiological doses. Meanwhile, an uncontrolled amount of inorganic compounds enters the intestinal cells by passive diff usion, destroying the cell walls and leading to numerous side eff ects, which practically negates the positive eff ect of the drug. The article describes the technology for obtaining bioorganic iodine and heme iron. The characteristics of bioavailable additives intended for use in a wide range of food products are provided.

Volatile organic compounds in barite-hosted fluid inclusions from the 3.5 Ga old Dresser Formation, Western Australia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Thiel ◽  
Jan-Peter Duda ◽  
Alfons M. van den Kerkhof ◽  
Joachim Reitner ◽  
Helge Mißbach
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Fluid Inclusions ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Artefact Formation

<p>The c. 3.5 Ga Dresser Formation of the East Pilbara Craton (Western Australia) contains large amounts of blackish barite. These rocks produce an intense sulfidic odor when crushed, resulting from abundant primary fluid inclusions. In part, the black barites are interbedded with sulfidic stromatolites. Using Raman spectroscopy, microthermometry, and two different online GC–MS approaches, we characterized in detail the chemical composition of the barite-hosted fluid inclusions. Our GC–MS techniques were based on (i) thermodecrepitation at 150-250°C and (ii) solid phase microextraction (SPME)–GC–MS at reduced temperature (50°C), thereby minimizing external contamination and artefact formation. Major fluid inclusion classes yielded mainly H<sub>2</sub>O, CO<sub>2</sub>, and H<sub>2</sub>S in varying abundance, along with minor amounts of COS and  CS<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>, and CH<sub>4</sub> (< 1%). Notably, we also detected a wide range of volatile organic compounds, including short–chain ketones and aldehydes, thiophenes, and various organic (poly)sulfides. Some of these compounds (CH<sub>3</sub>SH, acetic acid) have previously been invoked as initials agents for carbon fixation under primordial conditions, but up to now their presence had not been observed in Precambrian materials. Based on our findings, we hypothesize that hydrothermal seepage of organic and inorganic compounds during Dresser times provided both, catabolic and anabolic substrates for early microbial metabolisms.</p>

scholarly journals Mixed Metal-Organic Dyes With Dual Electrophores: Designing More Robust Dyes for Light-Harvesting Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Huynh
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Light Harvesting ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Redox Active ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Redox Stability ◽  
Decomposition Pathway

Donor-π-spacer-acceptor architectures are a favourable motif in the design of dyes for light harvesting applications. Organic compounds offer cost-effectiveness and synthetic design versatility, while inorganic compounds possess long term redox stability and wide range for absorption. Uniting both types of molecules allows utilization of these properties. Several projects were undertaken with the theme of a hybrid dye system and study of their redox stability. Chapter 1 gives a brief overview of the inorganic and organic compounds that paved the research in DSSC dyes. Chapter 2 details a review on copper(I) dyes in the literature and preliminary synthesis towards a D-π-A templated copper(I) dye. Chapter 3 looks into the robust potential of novel BODIPY dyes that utilize ferrocene as an electron rich donor. Chapter 4 represents a series of BODIPY-redox active donor dyads, the study of their redox stability provide insight on the decomposition pathway of these conjugates.

scholarly journals Compilation and evaluation of gas-phase diffusion coefficients of reactive trace gases in the atmosphere: volume 2. Organic compounds and Knudsen numbers for gas uptake calculations

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 5461-5492 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Tang ◽  
M. Shiraiwa ◽  
U. Pöschl ◽  
R. A. Cox ◽  
M. Kalberer
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Gas Uptake ◽  
Phase Diffusion ◽  
Knudsen Numbers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cloud Particles

Abstract. Diffusion of organic vapours to the surface of aerosol or cloud particles is an important step for the formation and transformation of atmospheric particles. So far, however, a database of gas phase diffusion coefficients for organic compounds of atmospheric interest has not been available. In this work we have compiled and evaluated gas phase diffusivities (pressure-independent diffusion coefficients) of organic compounds reported by previous experimental studies, and we compare the measurement data to estimates obtained with Fuller's semi-empirical method. The difference between measured and estimated diffusivities are mostly < 10%. With regard to gas-particle interactions, different gas molecules, including both organic and inorganic compounds, exhibit similar Knudsen numbers (Kn) although their gas phase diffusivities may vary over a wide range. Knudsen numbers of gases with unknown diffusivity can be approximated by a simple function of particle diameter and pressure and can be used to characterize the influence of diffusion on gas uptake by aerosol or cloud particles. We use a kinetic multi-layer model of gas-particle interaction to illustrate the effects of gas phase diffusion on the condensation of organic compounds with different volatilities. The results show that gas-phase diffusion can play a major role in determining the growth of secondary organic aerosol particles by condensation of low-volatility organic vapours.

scholarly journals Distribution of Biominerals and Mineral-Organic Composites in Plant Trichomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Jürgen Ensikat ◽  
Maximilian Weigend
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Differential Distribution ◽  
Dimensional Distribution ◽  
Plant Surfaces

Biomineralization is a common phenomenon in plants and has been shown to be chemically, functionally and topologically diverse. Silica and calcium carbonate have long been known as structural plant biominerals and calcium phosphate (apatite)–long known from animals–has recently been reported. Strikingly, up to three different biominerals may occur in a single trichome in, e.g., Urticaceae and Loasaceae, and in combination with organic compounds, can form organic/inorganic composite materials. This article presents an extension of previous studies on the distribution of these biominerals in Loasaceae trichomes with a focus on their spatial (three-dimensional) distribution and co-localization with organic substances. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with high-resolution EDX element analyses of sample surfaces and sections illustrate the differential distribution and composition of the different biomineral phases across cell surfaces and cell walls. Raman spectroscopy additionally permits the identification of organic and inorganic compounds side by side. All three biominerals may be found in a nearly pure inorganic phase, e.g., on the plant surfaces and in the barbs of the glochidiate trichomes, or in combination with a larger proportion of organic compounds (cellulose, pectin). The cell lumen may be additionally filled with amorphous mineral deposits. Water-solubility of the mineral fractions differs considerably. Plant trichomes provide an exciting model system for biomineralization and enable the in-vivo study of the formation of complex composite materials with different biomineral and organic compounds involved.

scholarly journals Compilation and evaluation of gas phase diffusion coefficients of reactive trace gases in the atmosphere: Volume 2. Diffusivities of organic compounds, pressure-normalised mean free paths, and average Knudsen numbers for gas uptake calculations

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 5585-5598 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Tang ◽  
M. Shiraiwa ◽  
U. Pöschl ◽  
R. A. Cox ◽  
M. Kalberer
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Phase Diffusion ◽  
Knudsen Numbers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Gas Molecules ◽  
Cloud Particles

Abstract. Diffusion of organic vapours to the surface of aerosol or cloud particles is an important step for the formation and transformation of atmospheric particles. So far, however, a database of gas phase diffusion coefficients for organic compounds of atmospheric interest has not been available. In this work we have compiled and evaluated gas phase diffusivities (pressure-independent diffusion coefficients) of organic compounds reported by previous experimental studies, and we compare the measurement data to estimates obtained with Fuller's semi-empirical method. The difference between measured and estimated diffusivities are mostly < 10%. With regard to gas-particle interactions, different gas molecules, including both organic and inorganic compounds, exhibit similar Knudsen numbers (Kn) although their gas phase diffusivities may vary over a wide range. This is because different trace gas molecules have similar mean free paths in air at a given pressure. Thus, we introduce the pressure-normalised mean free path, λP ≈ 100 nm atm, as a near-constant generic parameter that can be used for approximate calculation of Knudsen numbers as a simple function of gas pressure and particle diameter to characterise the influence of gas phase diffusion on the uptake of gases by aerosol or cloud particles. We use a kinetic multilayer model of gas-particle interaction to illustrate the effects of gas phase diffusion on the condensation of organic compounds with different volatilities. The results show that gas phase diffusion can play a major role in determining the growth of secondary organic aerosol particles by condensation of low-volatility organic vapours.

Strongly Coupled Redox-Linked Conformational Switching at the Active Site of the Non-Heme Iron-Dependent Dioxygenase, TauD

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher John ◽  
Greg M. Swain ◽  
Robert P. Hausinger ◽  
Denis A. Proshlyakov
Keyword(s):  
Active Site ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Heme Iron ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Strongly Coupled ◽  
Non Heme Iron ◽  
Reversible Redox ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Complex Structural

2-Oxoglutarate (2OG)-dependent dioxygenases catalyze C-H activation while performing a wide range of chemical transformations. In contrast to their heme analogues, non-heme iron centers afford greater structural flexibility with important implications for their diverse catalytic mechanisms. We characterize an <i>in situ</i> structural model of the putative transient ferric intermediate of 2OG:taurine dioxygenase (TauD) by using a combination of spectroelectrochemical and semi-empirical computational methods, demonstrating that the Fe (III/II) transition involves a substantial, fully reversible, redox-linked conformational change at the active site. This rearrangement alters the apparent redox potential of the active site between -127 mV for reduction of the ferric state and 171 mV for oxidation of the ferrous state of the 2OG-Fe-TauD complex. Structural perturbations exhibit limited sensitivity to mediator concentrations and potential pulse duration. Similar changes were observed in the Fe-TauD and taurine-2OG-Fe-TauD complexes, thus attributing the reorganization to the protein moiety rather than the cosubstrates. Redox difference infrared spectra indicate a reorganization of the protein backbone in addition to the involvement of carboxylate and histidine ligands. Quantitative modeling of the transient redox response using two alternative reaction schemes across a variety of experimental conditions strongly supports the proposal for intrinsic protein reorganization as the origin of the experimental observations.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Characterization of Coagulase Positive Staphylococci from Food Products and Human Specimens in Egypt

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Eman E. Abdeen ◽  
Walid S. Mousa ◽  
Sarah Y. Abdelsalam ◽  
Hanim S. Heikal ◽  
Reyad R. Shawish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Chain ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Human Samples ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Minced Meat ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococci

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains have veterinary and public health importance as they are responsible for a wide range of difficult to treat infections and food poisoning. Two hundred samples (50 samples each of minced meat, beef luncheon, Karish cheese, and human samples (pus swab from open wounds)) were cultured, and MRSA strains were identified using disk diffusion tests and mecA gene-based PCR. A total of 35% (70/200) of the examined samples were confirmed as coagulase-positive S. aureus in minced meat (46%), beef luncheon (44%), Karish cheese (44%), and human samples (22%). The MRSA strains showed resistance to amoxicillin (91.4%), penicillin (97.1%), cefoxitin (85.7%), cephradine (82.9%), tetracycline (57.2%), and erythromycin (52.8%). More than half of the tested S. aureus isolates harbored the mecA gene. The sequence analysis of the mecA gene from the minced meat, Karish cheese, and human samples revealed high genetic similarities between the S. aureus isolates from these sources. In conclusion, our findings indicate a risk for the transmission of the mecA gene of S. aureus across the food chain between humans and animal food products. Further studies should focus on finding additional epidemiological aspects of the MRSA strains in food chain.

scholarly journals Bioconservation of Historic Stone Buildings—An Updated Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5695
Author(s):  
Benjamín Otto Ortega-Morales ◽  
Christine Claire Gaylarde
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Original Condition ◽  
Human Health Risks ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Historic Stone

Cultural heritage buildings of stone construction require careful restorative actions to maintain them as close to the original condition as possible. This includes consolidation and cleaning of the structure. Traditional consolidants may have poor performance due to structural drawbacks such as low adhesion, poor penetration and flexibility. The requirement for organic consolidants to be dissolved in volatile organic compounds may pose environmental and human health risks. Traditional conservation treatments can be replaced by more environmentally acceptable, biologically-based, measures, including bioconsolidation using whole bacterial cells or cell biomolecules; the latter include plant or microbial biopolymers and bacterial cell walls. Biocleaning can employ microorganisms or their extracted enzymes to remove inorganic and organic surface deposits such as sulfate crusts, animal glues, biofilms and felt tip marker graffiti. This review seeks to provide updated information on the innovative bioconservation treatments that have been or are being developed.

scholarly journals Optimization Model of Phenolics Encapsulation Conditions for Biofortification in Fatty Acids of Animal Food Products

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 881
Author(s):  
Roberta Tolve ◽  
Fernanda Galgano ◽  
Nicola Condelli ◽  
Nazarena Cela ◽  
Luigi Lucini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Loading Capacity ◽  
Wide Range

The nutritional quality of animal products is strongly related to their fatty acid content and composition. Nowadays, attention is paid to the possibility of producing healthier foods of animal origin by intervening in animal feed. In this field, the use of condensed tannins as dietary supplements in animal nutrition is becoming popular due to their wide range of biological effects related, among others, to their ability to modulate the rumen biohydrogenation and biofortify, through the improvement of the fatty acids profile, the derivate food products. Unfortunately, tannins are characterized by strong astringency and low bioavailability. These disadvantages could be overcome through the microencapsulation in protective matrices. With this in mind, the optimal conditions for microencapsulation of a polyphenolic extract rich in condensed tannins by spray drying using a blend of maltodextrin (MD) and gum Arabic (GA) as shell material were investigated. For this purpose, after the extract characterization, through spectrophotometer assays and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight (UHPLC-QTOF) mass spectrometry, a central composite design (CCD) was employed to investigate the combined effects of core:shell and MD:GA ratio on the microencapsulation process. The results obtained were used to develop second-order polynomial regression models on different responses, namely encapsulation yield, encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, and tannin content. The formulation characterized by a core:shell ratio of 1.5:5 and MD:GA ratio of 4:6 was selected as the optimized one with a loading capacity of 17.67%, encapsulation efficiency of 76.58%, encapsulation yield of 35.69%, and tannin concentration of 14.46 g/100 g. Moreover, in vitro release under varying pH of the optimized formulation was carried out with results that could improve the use of microencapsulated condensed tannins in animal nutrition for the biofortification of derivates.

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