Mental disorders in patients with tuberculosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Andrey Rashchupkin ◽  
Vitaliy Maksyutov
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Mental And Behavioral Disorders

Mental and behavioral disorders, as well as tuberculosis, are included in the list of socially significant diseases. In this regard, the topic of studying the clinical picture of mental disorders that occur in patients with tuberculosis is always an urgent topic.

Assessing Mental and Behavioral Disorder Impairment: Overview of Sixth Edition Approaches

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Norma Leclair ◽  
Steve Leclair ◽  
Robert Barth
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Impairment ◽  
Central Nervous System Damage ◽  
Brain Functioning ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Mental And Behavioral Disorders

Abstract Chapter 14, Mental and Behavioral Disorders, in the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Sixth Edition, defines a process for assessing permanent impairment, including providing numeric ratings, for persons with specific mental and behavioral disorders. These mental disorders are limited to mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and psychotic disorders, and this chapter focuses on the evaluation of brain functioning and its effects on behavior in the absence of evident traumatic or disease-related objective central nervous system damage. This article poses and answers questions about the sixth edition. For example, this is the first since the second edition (1984) that provides a numeric impairment rating, and this edition establishes a standard, uniform template to translate human trauma or disease into a percentage of whole person impairment. Persons who conduct independent mental and behavioral evaluation using this chapter should be trained in psychiatry or psychology; other users should be experienced in psychiatric or psychological evaluations and should have expertise in the diagnosis and treatment of mental and behavioral disorders. The critical first step in determining a mental or behavioral impairment rating is to document the existence of a definitive diagnosis based on the current edition of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The article also enumerates the psychiatric disorders that are considered ratable in the sixth edition, addresses use of the sixth edition during independent medical evaluations, and answers additional questions.

Determining Impairment and Disability for Mental and Behavioral Disorders

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Norma J. Leclair ◽  
Steven W. Leclair ◽  
Christopher R. Brigham
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Supported Employment ◽  
Mental Health Program ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Behavioral Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Impairment ◽  
Rehabilitation Centers ◽  
Impairment Ratings ◽  
Mental And Behavioral Disorders

Abstract The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Chapter 14, Mental and Behavioral Disorders, focuses on the particularly challenging process of evaluating a person with a mental or behavioral disorder. This chapter is unique: It does not include numeric impairment ratings because no precise methods exist for assessing impairment in mental disorders. This article focuses on the process of gathering qualitative data and relevant information to substantiate the behavioral impairment assessment, for which the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition–Text Revised (DSM-IV-TR) is used. Impairment ratings in the AMA Guides reflect “consensus-derived estimates that reflect the severity of the impairment and the degree to which the impairment decreases an individual's ability to perform common activities of daily living [ADL]” and designates four relevant areas to consider: ADL; social functioning; concentration, persistence, and pacing; and deterioration or decompensation in complex or work-like settings. The validity of an impairment classification depends on the process used to collect and analyze the data, including clinical treatment records, hospital discharge summaries, community mental health program activity reports, patient and family interviews, reports from work evaluation or rehabilitation centers, supported employment records, and workplace evaluations. Defining maximum medical improvement in patients with mental and behavioral disorders is difficult and, in some instances, may be impossible.

Multiaxial Diagnosis of Mental and Behavioral Disorders

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Norma J. Leclair ◽  
Steven W. Leclair ◽  
Christopher R. Brigham
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Behavioral Disorder ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Five Axes ◽  
Mental And Behavioral Disorders

Abstract Most health care professionals who diagnose and treat mental disorders use the diagnostic criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition–Text Revised (DSM-IV-TR), which uses a multiaxial system to ensure a comprehensive assessment and evaluation of the patient's presenting symptoms, general medical condition, psychosocial and environmental problems, and level of function. The five axes are mental disorders; personality and mental disorders; general medical conditions; psychosocial and environmental problems, and global assessment of functioning (GAF) scale. Psychosocial and environmental problems may affect diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of mental disorders; the problems or stressors can contribute to the development of a mental disorder or can be the result of a mental disorder. The multiaxial assessment process should result in the following; documentation of the primary and any secondary mental and behavioral disorders; definition of physical disorders that may be present and indication if they are related to or influence the mental and behavioral disorders; identification of environmental stressors that may affect, contribute to, complicate, or exacerbate the mental and behavioral disorder; and a rating of the person's psychological, social, and occupational functioning. A table shows the GAF scale (ratings by deciles from 1 to 100; higher numbers indicate fewer problems) and does not include impairments that result from physical or environmental limitations.

scholarly journals Bipolar Disorder: Comorbidity with Other Mental Disorders

Psychiatry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
S. N. Vasilieva ◽  
G. G. Simutkin ◽  
E. D. Schastnyy ◽  
E. V. Lebedeva ◽  
N. A. Bokhan
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Research ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
High Level ◽  
Mental And Behavioral Disorders

Failure to diagnose bipolar disorder (BD) in time leads to an increase in suicide risk, worse prognosis of the disease, and an increase in the socioeconomic burden. Aim: to assess the incidence of comorbidity of bipolar disorder (BD) and other mental and behavioral disorders, as well as the sequence of formation of this multimorbidity. Patients and methods: in the Affective States Department of the Mental Health Research Institute TNRMC, 121 patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder were selected for the study group according to the ICD-10 diagnostic criteria. The predominance of women in the study group was revealed (n = 83; 68.6%; p < 0.01). Median age of male patients was 36 [30; 54] years, for females — 47 [34; 55] years. Results: data were obtained on a high level of comorbidity in the study group: in 46.3% of patients, BD was combined with another mental disorder. It was found that personality disorders as a comorbid disorder in type I bipolar disorder are less common than in type II bipolar disorder. Gender differences were found in the incidence of anxiety-phobic spectrum and substance use disorders in bipolar disorder. The features of the chronology of the development of bipolar disorder and associated mental disorders have been revealed. Conclusion: in the case of bipolar disorder, there is a high likelihood of comorbidity with other mental disorders. Certain patterns in the chronology of the formation of comorbid relationships between BD and concomitant mental and behavioral disorders were revealed.

scholarly journals Hygienic substantiation of measures to optimize living conditions and rehabilitation in new types of institutions for patients with mental disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-319
Author(s):  
V. V. Chorna ◽  
N. I. Gumeniuk ◽  
T. М. Sydorchuk ◽  
V. V. Poliarush ◽  
L. B. Furman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Psychosocial Rehabilitation ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Mental And Behavioral Disorders

Annotation. In contrast to Ukraine, psychosocial rehabilitation in European countries today is gaining considerable popularity for the socialization and reintegration of patients with mental disorders, for their more adaptive self-improvement. The article analyzes the experience in the EU in the latest, modern, psychosocial methods of providing medical care/rehabilitation to patients with mental disorders to improve patient self-management skills, personal reintegration, development of adaptive properties, self-improvement and to reduce health care costs. Hygienic substantiation of measures to optimize living conditions and treatment and rehabilitation process for patients with mental and behavioral disorders. To perform the tasks in the sociological study involved 92 people – relatives of patients with mental disorders using a specially designed questionnaire: “A method of determining the quality of medical care by relatives of a psychiatric patient and the relationship “doctor-relative””. The survey had conducted in January 2020 before the start of quarantine on COVID-19 and the beginning of the second phase of medical reform in the field of psychiatry. The work used content analysis of domestic and foreign scientific sources, bibliosemantic, analytical, and statistical research methods. It has found that the most significant problems faced by patients in providing them with psychiatric care, according to relatives, are the inconsistency of sanitary and hygienic conditions of patients in psychiatric hospitals – 62.6%, low quality of care – 37.3% and inattentive attitude on the part of medical staff – 34.7%. A sociological survey of relatives of patients with mental and behavioral disorders found that patients are referring for treatment only in critical conditions. Treatment of patients with mental and behavioral disorders nowadays, it is necessary to introduce a comprehensive approach, not just psychopharmacological drugs. To do this, each patient must individually develop psychosocial rehabilitation methods: training in music therapy, communication, motivation, sports training, bibliotherapy, art therapy, animal therapy, training to improve social adaptation, activation of independence, as is done in the EU.

scholarly journals Hospital morbidity due to mental and behavioral disorders in the Unified Health System in Sergipe-Brazil in 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
K. M. H. Cavalcante
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Health System ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Unified Health System ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitalizations ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Hospital Morbidity ◽  
Mental And Behavioral Disorders

In Brazil, despite the increasing use of information systems in research on morbidity in hospitalization authorizations, there are few epidemiological studies on hospitalizations for mental and behavioral disorders, although it is known that they imply a high financial cost for assistance in hospitalization. health and disability of the affected. The objective of this study was to describe the frequency of hospital morbidity due to mental and behavioral disorders in the Unified Health System (UHS) in Sergipe in 2018. This is a documentary research based on UHS hospital admissions records provided by the Department of Informatics of the UHS. In Sergipe, the largest number of hospitalizations in 2018 occurred in male patients, aged 30 to 39 years, and its higher frequency was due to schizophrenia, schizotypic and delusional disorders. There was a difference in the second cause of psychiatric hospitalizations in relation to sex. For men, the second most frequent diagnosis in hospitalizations for mental disorders was related to the use of other psychoactive substances, while for women were those of mood. These hospitalizations motivated by mental and behavioral disorders in 2018 occurred mainly in the capital Aracaju (95.5%). Knowing the profile of hospitalizations for mental disorders by the Hospital Information System can be useful not only for the epidemiological knowledge of these disorders and the planning of public health actions, but also for evaluating the effectiveness of public policies implemented in the mental health area. 

scholarly journals Features of the dynamics of the incidence of organic nonpsychotic disorders in the rural population of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Zinchenko
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Mental And Behavioral Disorders

Based on the reporting forms No. 10 "Report on diseases of persons with mental and behavioral disorders" for the period from 2000 to 2017, a clinical-statistical analysis of the dynamics of the prevalence of organic non-psychotic mental disorders in the rural population of Ukraine is presented, as well as changes in the structure of the incidence of non-psychotic mental disorders. The data presented indicate signifi cant fl uctuations in the incidence and prevalence rates. A significant proportion of organic nonpsychotic mental disorders in the structure of the incidence of nonpsychotic mental disorders in rural residents requires the adoption of appropriate organizational measures to optimize the system of assistance and prevention of mental health disorders in the rural population. Key words: mental and behavioral disorders, organic non-psychotic mental disorders, incidence, prevalence, villagers, psychiatric care

scholarly journals Security Logical Subjectivity of Mental and Behavioral Disorders and their Social and Specialized Correction

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 2392-2399
Author(s):  
Sergii Boltivets ◽  
Oleksiy Gonchar ◽  
Tymur Gonchar ◽  
Lyudmila Uralova ◽  
Yuliya Chelyadyn
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Problem Definition ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Cerebrovascular Lesions ◽  
Psychic Disorders ◽  
The One ◽  
Mental And Behavioral Disorders

The number of people who suffer from various types and forms of mental disorders is growing rapidly every day. The problem definition by the statistical methods only just outlines the quantitative relations between the numbers of registered mental illness cases and the overall number of people suffering from them. However, it doesn’t answer the main questions of the public safety and of the safety of the abovementioned persons as it fails to account for the exogenous factors of the manifestation of the genetically determined and inborn mental disorders that incapacity mostly the children population. In this regard, a necessary condition for public safety is a scientific solution to the problem of the securitylogical subjectivity of the person with mental and behavioral disorders. One of the main reasons for the heavy illnesses of the central nervous system (CNS) and psychic disorders is perinatal cerebrovascular lesions and hypoxic-ischemic cerebrovascular injuries. The problem is, on the one hand, a subject of interest for the psychological, medical and social sciences, and on the other opens the dimensions of both special and social correction. Psychic disorders resulting from the perinatal cerebrovascular lesions and their psychotherapeutic correction are discussed in this article. Clinical investigation of the perinatal cerebrovascular lesions has been conducted using radio diagnostics tools, the mental and behavioural disorders were studied, and the correction methods were presented.

scholarly journals Internet-dependent behavior in adolescents with mental disorders

2019 ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
A. Y. Egorov ◽  
D. I. Charnaya ◽  
Y. V. Khutorianskaya ◽  
A. V. Pavlov ◽  
S. V. Grechanyi
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Behavior ◽  
Gender Characteristics ◽  
Gaming Communities ◽  
Mental And Behavioral Disorders

Internet addiction (IA) has become a serious problem of modern addictology, especially among the younger generation. Tere is a sufcient number of works devoted to the comorbidity of IA and other mental and behavioral disorders, but the studies of the IAcharacteristics in mentally ill patients are of a single nature. Te goal of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of the IA behavior in children and adolescents with various mental disorders. Te main group consisted of 71 adolescents, 28 boys and 43 girls, aged 11-18 years, treated in a psychiatric hospital with diagnoses Organic disorders (F 06, F 07) — 35 subjects, Behavior disorders (F 91, F 92) -16, Neurotic, stress-related disorders (F 41, F 43) -10 and schizophrenia, schizotypic disorder (F 20, F21) -10. Te control group consisted of 49 healthy adolescents, 24 boys, 25 girls, aged 11-18 years. Te following methods were used: Сlinical-anamnestic map, Participant questionnaire for assessing the parameters of IA behavior, of Chen Internet addiction scale (CIAS — in the adaptation of V.L. Malygin and K.A. Feklisov) to assess the severity of FM. It is shown that among teenagers with mental disordersIA occurs signifcantly more ofen (more than ¼) than in the control group, the same for females and males. Mentally ill adolescents used the Internet signifcantly more hours per week, used social networks more per day, had a larger overall score on the scale of CIAS. It is established from gender characteristics that girls used social networks more ofen than boys. Te risk of IA was higher in users of gaming communities. IA was more ofen observed in patients with organic disorders. Te tendency to IA behavior was more frequent in patients with behavioral disorders and schizophrenia.

Commentary

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 8-8
Author(s):  
Richard T. Katz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Behavioral Disorder ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale ◽  
Psychiatric Rating ◽  
Psychiatric Rating Scale ◽  
Mental And Behavioral Disorders

Abstract The author, who is the editor of the Mental and Behavioral Disorders chapter of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Sixth Edition, comments on the previous article, Assessing Mental and Behavioral Disorder Impairment: Overview of Sixth Edition Approaches in this issue of The Guides Newsletter. The new Mental and Behavioral Disorders (M&BD) chapter, like others in the AMA Guides, is a consensus opinion of many authors and thus reflects diverse points of view. Psychiatrists and psychologists continue to struggle with diagnostic taxonomies within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, but anxiety, depression, and psychosis are three unequivocal areas of mental illness for which the sixth edition of the AMA Guides provides M&BD impairment rating. Two particular challenges faced the authors of the chapter: how could M&BD disorders be rated (and yet avoid an onslaught of attorney requests for an M&BD rating in conjunction with every physical impairment), and what should be the maximal impairment rating for a mental illness. The sixth edition uses three scales—the Psychiatric Impairment Rating Scale, the Global Assessment of Function, and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale—after careful review of a wide variety of indices. The AMA Guides remains a work in progress, but the authors of the M&BD chapter have taken an important step toward providing a reasonable method for estimating impairment.

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