scholarly journals Results of research in the field of remote sensing methods for detecting oil pollution on the water surface conducted at the RSHU

2020 ◽  
pp. 371-391
Author(s):  
P.P. Beskid ◽  
P. Yu. Bogdanov ◽  
V.A. Miklush ◽  
Т.М. Tatarnikova ◽  
E.A. Chernetsova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Radar Systems ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods ◽  
Educational Potential

The article presents the scientific results which are a generalization of almost twenty years of experience of the staff of the department of information technology and security systems of the Russian State Hydrometeorological University in the field of remote sensing methods of oil pollution on the water surface. The choice of radar systems for the implementation of remote monitoring of the water surface on the characteristics of efficiency and coverage of the area of responsibility is substantiated. Structurally, the radar monitoring system should consist of a network of centimeter and millimeter range radar systems. The use of centimeter-range radar systems is due to the preservation of their operability during intense precipitation. Millimeter-wave radar systems are characterized by higher radar contrast, which significantly increases the effectiveness of environmental monitoring of water areas, their performance depending on the weather conditions. Thus, a combination of radars of two ranges allows continuous monitoring of the water area in any weather conditions. Radar systems are a recording module as part of an object monitoring system. The facility monitoring system, in addition to existing systems at the regional level, allows to receive information on the environmental situation promptly. This is especially true in case of emergency situations that occur during loading and transportation of oil products and other environmentally hazardous substances. The most significant result of many years of research is the concept of an automated distributed system for remote environmental monitoring of the water surface. For each module of the system, methods and models for processing spatial data and algorithms for the distribution of measuring instruments in the monitoring space are proposed. The purpose of the functioning of such a system is associated with detecting oil spills on the water surface, monitoring the dynamics of pollution and predicting the development of emergencies resulting from environmental disasters. International cooperation in the field of environmental protection is shown to be international in nature, the joint projects being an effective tool for development of scientific and educational potential of higher education in the field of ecology. Participation in international projects not only allows to increase the scientific and educational potential of higher education, but also influences the formation of environmental policy

An Experimentally Studied Laser Fluorescence Method for Sensing Stress Situations of Oil-polluted Plants

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Fedotov ◽  
D. A. Kravtsov ◽  
A. A. Cherpakova ◽  
M. L. Belov ◽  
V. A. Gorodnichev
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Fluorescence Spectra ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Laser Induced Fluorescence ◽  
Laser Fluorescence ◽  
Fluorescence Intensity Ratio ◽  
Laboratory Setup ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Study Results

Nowadays, one of the promising applications for the laser fluorescent analysis in remote sensing is to monitor oil pollution both on the water surface and on the earth one.A task to provide laser fluorescence remote sensing of oil pollution on the earth surface is much more difficult than that of to do the same on the water surface. The monitoring oil pollution laser fluorescence results can have no large reliability (lead to the great number of false alarms) because of the great number of disrupters (for example, plant fluorescence).However, plants available in the pipeline corridor may be not only disrupter, but also an oil pollution mark. Oil pollutions lead to developmental disorder of plants and induce their stress. The laser fluorescence methods can detect such stress situations.The paper concentrates on the experimental studies of laser fluorescence remote sensing method to detect the plant oil pollution stress situations for the eye-safe fluorescence excitation wavelength of 355 nm.A laboratory setup was designed to study spectra of laser-induced fluorescence of plants. In the laboratory setup the third harmonic of the Nd-YAG laser at the eye-safe wavelength of 355 nm was used as a fluorescence-exciting source. The laser-induced fluorescence spectra of plants were measured within 380 – 780 nm spectrum range.The experimental study results of laser-induced fluorescence spectra of plants in normal and stress situations caused by oil pollution are given for the eye-safe fluorescence- exciting wavelength ofThe paper shows that the analysis of recorded laser-induced fluorescence spectra allows us to detect stress situations caused by oil pollution. An identifiable factor to characterise a profile deformation of the laser-induced fluorescence spectrum for stress situations may be a fluorescence intensity ratio in the spectral ranges of 680…690 nm and 730…740 nm.

scholarly journals Geoinformation monitoring of green stands using remote sensing methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-14
Author(s):  
D. I. Bidolah
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Automated Monitoring ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Monitoring Process ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods

A green plantations monitoring is an important work, which includes regular monitoring of urban landscapes in order to identify negative timely changes and to prepare the informed decisions to prevent their degradation. In modern conditions, it is advisable to improve this process by using remote sensing methods, the materials of which are processed in geographic information systems, which allows to establish an automated monitoring system of green areas. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the feasibility of geo-information monitoring of urban landscapes using remote sensing methods, including unmanned aerial vehicles. To achieve this goal, structural schemes of the monitoring system organization to get the information about green plantation conditions are proposed, together with the possibilities of using orthophotoplans, which are obtained by remote sensing methods for the needs of regular study of urban landscapes. Repeated remote monitoring of the green plantations condition allows to detect the timely changes that have occurred with tree and shrub vegetation over a period in an automated mode. The use of remote sensing materials in this case can be used as a documentary basis to justify the implementation of measures for landscaping. Due to the expensive cost of high-resolution materials, we recommend to use in the process of urban landscape monitoring proposed approach with regular surveys of unmanned aerial vehicles for greenery facilities. On the basis of the conducted researches the multifunctional structure of the green plantings monitoring system is offered and carrying out of digital transformation of monitoring process of urban landscapes condition is recommended. These studies indicate the feasibility of introducing regular automated monitoring of green areas with the involvement of remote sensing methods, including using unmanned aerial vehicles.

scholarly journals Using integrated remote sensing methods in the Nagyerdő Natura 2000 area

2014 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Éva Bozsik ◽  
Tünde Fórián ◽  
Balázs Deák ◽  
Péter Riczu ◽  
János Fehér ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Data Collecting ◽  
Collecting Methods ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods

The more widely use of GIS, remote sensing technology provides appropriate data acquisition and data processing tools to build several national and international biodiversity monitoring system of environmental protection and natur conservation. The ChangeHabitats 2 is a similar international project, which uses airborne hyperspectral and airborne laser scanning (airborne LiDAR) sources beyond traditional data collection methods to build a monitoring system of Natura 2000 habitats. The goal of our research, on one hand, was to separate the most typical species of trees which can be found in the largest coverage in the research plots of Debreceni Nagyerdő Nature Reserve from field and airborne remote sensing data, use image classification that based on spectral and geometry (height) characteristics of the trees. On the other hand our goal was to evaluate the efficient use of the integration of mobilGIS, airborne hyperspectral and airborne LiDAR data collecting methods to complement or substitut of the traditional, field data collecting methods. We used ArcGIS 10.2 and Exelis 5.0 GIS software for data evaluation, in which the mosaicing, the selection of plots and the spectral image processing were carried out.

scholarly journals Quantifying Below-Water Fluvial Geomorphic Change: The Implications of Refraction Correction, Water Surface Elevations, and Spatially Variable Error

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 2415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy S. Woodget ◽  
James T. Dietrich ◽  
Robin T. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Continuous Model ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Calibration Data ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Variable Error ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods

Much of the geomorphic work of rivers occurs underwater. As a result, high resolutionquantification of geomorphic change in these submerged areas is important. Currently, to quantify thischange, multiple methods are required to get high resolution data for both the exposed and submergedareas. Remote sensing methods are often limited to the exposed areas due to the challenges imposedby the water, and those remote sensing methods for below the water surface require the collection ofextensive calibration data in-channel, which is time-consuming, labour-intensive, and sometimesprohibitive in dicult-to-access areas. Within this paper, we pioneer a novel approach for quantifyingabove- and below-water geomorphic change using Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry andinvestigate the implications of water surface elevations, refraction correction measures, and thespatial variability of topographic errors. We use two epochs of imagery from a site on the River Teme,Herefordshire, UK, collected using a remotely piloted aircraft system (RPAS) and processed usingStructure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetry. For the first time, we show that: (1) Quantification ofsubmerged geomorphic change to levels of accuracy commensurate with exposed areas is possiblewithout the need for calibration data or a dierent method from exposed areas; (2) there is minimaldierence in results produced by dierent refraction correction procedures using predominantlynadir imagery (small angle vs. multi-view), allowing users a choice of software packages/processingcomplexity; (3) improvements to our estimations of water surface elevations are critical for accuratetopographic estimation in submerged areas and can reduce mean elevation error by up to 73%;and (4) we can use machine learning, in the form of multiple linear regressions, and a Gaussian NaïveBayes classifier, based on the relationship between error and 11 independent variables, to generate ahigh resolution, spatially continuous model of geomorphic change in submerged areas, constrained byspatially variable error estimates. Our multiple regression model is capable of explaining up to 54%of magnitude and direction of topographic error, with accuracies of less than 0.04 m. With on-goingtesting and improvements, this machine learning approach has potential for routine application inspatially variable error estimation within the RPAS–SfM workflow.

Application of Remote Sensing in Agriculture

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Piekarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods

AbstractWith increasing intensity of agricultural crop production increases the need to obtain information about environmental conditions in which this production takes place. Remote sensing methods, including satellite images, airborne photographs and ground-based spectral measurements can greatly simplify the monitoring of crop development and decision-making to optimize inputs on agricultural production and reduce its harmful effects on the environment. One of the earliest uses of remote sensing in agriculture is crop identification and their acreage estimation. Satellite data acquired for this purpose are necessary to ensure food security and the proper functioning of agricultural markets at national and global scales. Due to strong relationship between plant bio-physical parameters and the amount of electromagnetic radiation reflected (in certain ranges of the spectrum) from plants and then registered by sensors it is possible to predict crop yields. Other applications of remote sensing are intensively developed in the framework of so-called precision agriculture, in small spatial scales including individual fields. Data from ground-based measurements as well as from airborne or satellite images are used to develop yield and soil maps which can be used to determine the doses of irrigation and fertilization and to take decisions on the use of pesticides.

On the issue of optimization of atmospheric air quality monitoring for the implementation of the Federal project «Clean Air»

2019 ◽  
pp. 931-936
Author(s):  
I. V. May ◽  
A. A. Kokoulina ◽  
S. Yu. Balashov
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Monitoring Programs ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
The City

Introduction. The city of Chita of Zabaikalsky region is one of the cities of Russia, priority on level of pollution of atmosphere. Of the order of 130 impurities emitted by the sources of the city, 12 are monitored at 5 posts of the Roshydromet network. Maximum monthly average concentrations are formed by benz (a) pyrene (up to 56.8 MPC), hydrogen sulfide (12.3 MPC), suspended particles (up to 4PDC), phenol (up to 3.6 MPC). Significant emissions (59.73 thousand tons in 2018) are aggravated by the use of coal as a fuel by heat and power enterprises and the private sector, climatic and geographical features. Within the framework of the Federal project “Clean Air” of the national project “Ecology”, it is envisaged to reduce the gross emission of pollutants into the atmosphere of Chita by 8.75 thousand tons by 2024, which should lead to a significant improvement in the safety and quality of life of citizens. It is necessary to identify the most “risky “components of pollution for health.It is important to understand: whether the environmental monitoring system reflects the real picture of the dangers posed by pollution of the city’s atmosphere; whether there is a need to optimize the monitoring system for the subsequent assessment of the effectiveness and efficiency of measures; what impurities and at what points should be monitored in the interests of the population, administration and economic entities implementing air protection measures.The aim of the study is to develop recommendations for optimizing the program of environmental monitoring of air quality in the city of Chita, taking into account the criteria of danger to public health for the subsequent evaluation of the effectiveness and effectiveness of the Federal project “Clean Air”.Materials and methods. Justification of optimization of monitoring programs was carried out through the calculation of hazard indices, considering: the mass of emissions and toxicological characteristics of each chemical; the population under the influence. A vector map of the city with a layer “population density” was used as a topographic base. The indices were calculated for regular grid cells covering the residential area. For each cell, the repeatability of winds of 8 points from the priority enterprises and the population within the calculated cell were taken into account. As a result, each calculation cell was characterized by a total coefficient, taking into account the danger of potential impacts of emissions. Based on the results of the assessments, recommendations were formulated to optimize the placement of posts in the city and the formation of monitoring programs.Results. Indices of carcinogenic danger to the health of the population of Chita ranged from 584,805. 96 to 0.03 (priorities: carbon (soot), benzene, benz (a) pyrene); indices of non-carcinogenic danger — from 1,443,558. 24 to 0.00 (priorities: sulfur dioxide, inorganic dust containing 70–20% SiO2, fuel oil ash). The greatest danger to public health stationary sources of emissions form in the North-Western, Western and South-Eastern parts of the city. Roshydromet posts in these zones are absent.Conclusions. As part of the objectives of the project “Clean Air”, it is recommended to Supplement the existing state network of observations of atmospheric air quality in Chita with two posts; to include manganese, xylene, vanadium pentoxide in the monitoring programs, to carry out the determination of Benz(a)pyrene et all posts, which will allow to fully and adequately assess the danger of emissions of economic entities, as well as the effectiveness and efficiency of the provided air protection measures.

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