scholarly journals Sistema de tratamiento de aguas superficiales para consumo humano en la microcuenca del Río Carrizal, Ecuador

2019 ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Ángela Lorena Carreño Mendoza ◽  
Leonel Rolando Lucas Vidal ◽  
Ernesto Antonio Hurtado ◽  
Renny Barrios-Maestre ◽  
Ramón Silva-Acuña
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Chlorination Process ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Filtration Stage ◽  
Del Rio ◽  
Sand And Gravel

Surface water treatment system for human consumption in the micro-basin of the Carrizal River, Ecuador Resumen Con el objetivo de implementar un sistema de tratamiento del agua del tipo filtración de múltiples etapas para el consumo humano en las comunidades Balsa en Medio, Julián y Severino, Ecuador, a nivel de laboratorio se desarrolló un sistema a escala, estructurado por filtrado en arenas+gravas, seguido de filtración con las zeolitas clinoptilolita y mordenita y finalmente se realizó el proceso de cloración. Se empleó el diseño experimental completamente aleatorizado con cuatro repeticiones para los tratamientos. Los resultados indican que en la etapa de filtración en arenas+gravas las variables DBO5; sólidos totales; coliformes fecales y turbiedad, alcanzaron niveles permitidos de acuerdo a las normas establecidas para el agua de consumo humano. El uso de zeolitas del tipo clinoptilolita y/o mordenita como procedimiento para complementar el proceso de filtración, redujo significativamente los tenores de cobre, plomo, hierro, aluminio, cobalto y cromo. El uso del tratamiento con cloro después del filtrado redujo en 87% la presencia de coliformes fecales reduciendo los valores dentro de los rangos permitidos. El sistema de tratamiento de aguas propuesto para las comunidades estudiadas es de fácil operación y mantenimiento, sus costos son aceptables y los insumos requeridos para su implantación están disponibles en el Ecuador. Palabras clave: calidad de agua; filtros de arenas y gravas; zeolita, cloración. Abstract With the objective of implementing a multi-stage filtration system for water treatment to human consumption in the communities of Balsa en Medio, Julián and Severino, Ecuador, at the laboratory level a scale system was developed, initially structured by filtering in sands + gravels, followed by filtration whit clinoptilolite and mordenite zeolites. Finally the water chlorination process was carried out. The essay was developed with a completely randomized experimental design with four repetitions. According to the results, it was evidenced that in the filtration stage in sands + gravels the variables: BOD5; total solids; fecal coliforms and turbidity, reached permitted levels according to the norms established for water for human consumption. The use of clinoptilolite and/or mordenite zeolites as a method to complement the filtration process significantly reduced the copper, lead, iron, aluminum, cobalt and chromium levels. The use of the chlorine treatment after filtering reduced the presence of fecal coliforms in water in 87% leading the values ​​within the permitted ranges. The proposed system for the treatment of the dammed water in the studied communities is easy to operate and maintain, its costs are acceptable and the inputs required for its implementation are available in Ecuador. Keywords:  water quality; sand and gravel filters; zeolite; chlorination.

scholarly journals Sistema de tratamiento de aguas superficiales para consumo humano en la Microcuenca del río Carrizal, Ecuador.// Surface water treatment system for human consumption in the Microbasin of the Carrizal River, Ecuador.

Ciencia Unemi ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (28) ◽  
pp. 76-87
Author(s):  
Ángela Carreño-Mendoza ◽  
Leonel Lucas-Vidal ◽  
Ernesto Antonio Hurtado ◽  
Renny Barrios-Maestre ◽  
Ramón Silva-Acuña
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Water Treatment System ◽  
Chlorination Process ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Filtration Stage ◽  
Del Rio

Con el objetivo de implementar un sistema de tratamiento del agua del tipo filtración de múltiples etapas para el consumo humano en las comunidades Balsa en Medio, Julián y Severino, Ecuador, a nivel de laboratorio se desarrolló un sistema a escala, estructurado por filtrado en arenas+gravas, seguido de filtración con las zeolitas clinoptilolita y mordenita y finalmente se realizó el proceso de cloración. Se empleó el diseño experimental completamente aleatorizado con cuatro repeticiones para los tratamientos. Los resultados indican que en la etapa de filtración en arenas+gravas las variables DBO5; sólidos totales; coliformes fecales y turbiedad, alcanzaron niveles permitidos de acuerdo a las normas establecidas para el agua de consumo humano. El uso de zeolitas del tipo clinoptilolita y/o mordenita como procedimiento para complementar el proceso de filtración, redujo significativamente los tenores de cobre, plomo, hierro, aluminio, cobalto y cromo. El uso del tratamiento con cloro después del filtrado redujo en 87% la presencia de coliformes fecales reduciendo los valores dentro de los rangos permitidos. El sistema de tratamiento de aguas propuesto para las comunidades estudiadas es de fácil operación y mantenimiento, sus costos son aceptables y los insumos requeridos para su implantación están disponibles en el Ecuador. AbstractA scale system was developed with the objective of implementing a multi-stage filtration system of water treatment for human consumption in the communities of Balsa en Medio, Julián and Severino, Ecuador at the laboratory level.  Initially, it was structured by filtering in sands + gravels, followed by filtration with clinoptilolite and mordenite zeolites. Finally, the water chlorination process was carried out. The assay was developed with a completely randomized experimental design with four repetitions. The results indicate that in the filtration stage in sands + gravels, the BOD5 variables, total solids, fecal coliforms and turbidity, reached permitted levels according to the norms established for water for human consumption. The use of clinoptilolite and/or mordenite zeolites as a method to complement the filtration process significantly reduced the copper, lead, iron, aluminum, cobalt and chromium levels. The use of the chlorine treatment after filtering reduced the presence of fecal coliforms by 87%, reducing the values within the permitted ranges. The water treatment system proposed for the communities studied is easy to operate and maintain, its costs are acceptable and the inputs required for its implementation are available in Ecuador.

Determination of natural radionuclides in waste generated in the potable water treatment plants of the Zona da Mata of the state of Pernambuco- Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2A) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Muniz De Almeida Albuquerque
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
The United States ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Potable Water Treatment

The water purification procedure aims to obtain a product appropriate for human consumption, minimizing the presence of contaminants and toxic substances present in the water. Among these contaminants, some radionuclides of natural origin, such as uranium, thorium and their descendants, have been identified. Studies have shown that the stages of purification are quite effective in removing the radionuclides contained in water. The removal is due to co-precipitation of the radionuclides with the suspended materials and the precipitated material is accumulated and characterized as a Technologically Concentrated Natural Occurrence Radioactive Material (TENORM) by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). This residue can present significant levels of radioactivity and, when discarded in the environment without any treatment, can generate a problem of environmental impact and a risk to the health of the population. In this way, some gamma emitters of the series of U, Th and the K-40 were determined in the residues generated at the Potable Water Treatment Plants – PWTPs in six municipalities of Pernambuco. The results obtain corroborate the classification of the residues generated in the PWTPs as concentrators of the radioactive components contained in the water supplied to the system and reinforce the need for the release to the environment, which is the usual way of disposal of this waste, to be carried out only after considering the radiological protection standards established.

scholarly journals Removing Iron and Organic Substances from Water over the Course of Its Treatment with the Application of Average and Highly Alkaline Polyaluminium Chlorides

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1367
Author(s):  
Izabela Krupińska
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Iron Ions ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Iron Compounds ◽  
Polyaluminum Chloride ◽  
Coagulation Process ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Organic Complexes ◽  
Polyaluminium Chloride

In topic-related literature pertaining to the treatment of water, there is a lack of information on the influence of iron ions in highly basic polyaluminum chlorides on the efficiency of purifying water with increased contents of organic substance. The aim of this work was to determine the changes in the content of organic substances as well as iron compounds in water intended for human consumption following unit treatment processes with particular attention paid to the coagulation process. As coagulants, polyaluminium chloride PAXXL10 with an alkalinity of 70%, as well as polyaluminium chloride PAXXL1911 with an alkalinity of 85% the composition of which also contained iron, were tested. The analysis of the obtained results showed that iron compounds and organic substances were removed to the greatest extent by the coagulation process, which also had a significant influence on the final efficiency of water treatment. The effectiveness of water treatment was determined by the type of tested polyaluminum chloride, which influenced the formation of iron-organic complexes. The reason behind the formation of colored iron-organic complexes during coagulation using PAXXL1911 coagulant was the high pH (approx. 8), at which the functional groups of organic substances, due to their dissociation, are more reactive in relation to iron, and possibly the fact of introducing additional iron ions along with the coagulant.

scholarly journals Use of ceramic pot filter (CPF) technology under pressure in an in-line pumping system

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 843-852
Author(s):  
Travis D. Gardner ◽  
Joe D. Guggenberger
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Pumping System ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Logarithmic Reduction

Abstract Ceramic pot filters (CPFs) are an effective point of use water treatment device in developing nations due to their low cost and effectiveness. CPFs are gravity fed, typically making water production a major limiting factor to a CPF's lifetime and acceptability. Directly connecting CPFs to in-line pumping systems or systems with an elevated storage tank would allow filter usage for constant water treatment at increased pressures, increasing the quantity of treated water. Ceramic disks were manufactured for testing in a specially designed housing apparatus. Filters of varying thicknesses and clay to sawdust mass ratios were manufactured to fit tightly. Flowrate and microbiological removal efficacy (logarithmic reduction value (LRV)) were determined over the testing period at various pressures. Flowrate values ranged from 2.44 to 9.04 L per hour, significantly higher than traditional CPF technology. LRVs ranged from 1.1 to 2.0, lower than traditional CPF technology but still effective at removing most Escherichia coli and total coliform bacteria. Filters proved effective at removing total and fecal coliforms at pressures less than 70 kilopascals. The optimum filter had a thickness of 3.2 cm and clay to sawdust ratio of 6:1 by mass. Filters proved to be ineffective if flowrates were above 5 L/h.

Occurrence of pathogenic microorganisms in the Saint Lawrence River (Canada) and comparison of health risks for populations using it as their source of drinking water

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 565-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Payment ◽  
Aminata Berte ◽  
Michèle Prévost ◽  
Bruno Ménard ◽  
Benoît Barbeau
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Giardia Infection ◽  
Bacterial Indicators ◽  
Treatment Practices ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Annual Risk

A 300-km portion of the Saint Lawrence hydrological basin in the province of Québec (Canada) and 45 water treatment plants were studied. River water used by drinking water treatment plants was analyzed (6-L sample volumes) to determine the level of occurrence of bacterial indicators (total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and Clostridium perfringens) and pathogens (Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium, human enteric viruses). Pathogens and bacterial indicators were found at all sites at a wide range of values. Logistic regression analysis revealed significant correlations between the bacterial indicators and the pathogens. Physicochemical and treatment practices data were collected from most water treatment plants and used to estimate the level of removal of pathogens achieved under cold (0°C-4°C) and warm (20°C-25°C) water temperature conditions. The calculated removal values were then used to estimate the annual risk of Giardia infection using mathematical models and to compare the sites. The estimated range of probability of infection ranged from 0.75 to less than 0.0001 for the populations exposed. Given the numerous assumptions made, the model probably overestimated the annual risk, but it provided comparative data of the efficacy of the water treatment plants and thereby contributes to the protection of public health.Key words: public health, drinking water, health risk, pathogen occurrence.

scholarly journals Clase política y sector bancario en la Argentina de entreguerras: el caso del Banco Español y del Río de la Plata

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 1028
Author(s):  
Carlos Newland
Keyword(s):  
Rio De La Plata ◽  
Río De La Plata ◽  
La Plata ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Del Rio

Este trabajo analiza la relación entre la clase política y el sistema bancario argentino entre la primera y segunda guerras mundiales, a través del caso del Banco Español y del Río de la Plata. Se describe la muy íntima relación entre diversos políticos influyentes que recibieron un trato privilegiado de un establecimiento privado que a su vez dependía para su existencia de la ayuda pública. Esta fue una clara muestra de capitalismo de amigos, estudiada aquí a través de diversas fuentes, entre las que destaca documentación interna del banco.

scholarly journals Contribución a las cronologías absolutas en el Bajo de los Saladillos (Cuenca del Paraná Medio, prov. de Santa Fe)

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-187
Author(s):  
Mariano Carlos Del Papa ◽  
Marina Sardi ◽  
Carolina Giobergia ◽  
Gabriel Cocco
Keyword(s):  
Santa Fe ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Del Rio ◽  
Siglo Xx

Las investigaciones arqueológicas, correspondientes al Bajo de Los Saladillos, incluido el sistema lagunar Capón-Leyes-Setúbal (cuenca del río Paraná medio) provincia de Santa Fe, ha sido foco de interés arqueológico desde la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Estas investigaciones han demostrado la existencia de ocupaciones humanas desde el Holoceno tardío inicial (2000 años AP) hasta el Holoceno tardío final (500 AP). En este trabajo se presentan los resultados obtenidos de tres fechados radiocarbónicos realizados en restos óseos humanos, provenientes de los sitios arqueológicos Isla Barranquita II (IB II), Isla Cementerio (IC), El Capón I (EC I), que se encuentran localizados en el sector meridional del Bajo de Los Saladillos y el sistema lagunar Capón-Leyes-Setúbal. Estos resultados aportan los primeros fechados radiocarbónicos para el sector meridional de esta área de estudio y establece un nuevo piso cronológico de las ocupaciones humanas, contribuyendo con mayores elementos para la discusión sobre la dinámica poblacional de las sociedades cazadoras-recolectoras y pescadoras durante el Holoceno tardío.

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