Regional specificity creation of protective afforestations along highways

2018 ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
С.Н. КРУЖИЛИН ◽  
Т.Ю. БАРАНОВА ◽  
М.П. МИШЕНИНА ◽  
М.А. ЗАЙЦЕВА
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Surface Protection ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Protective Forest

В России большинство автомобильных и железных дорог защищены лесными полосами. В настоящее время в засушливых условиях Ростовской области не уделяется должного внимания научным разработкам по вопросам создания, содержания и реконструкции защитных лесонасаждений  вдоль автомобильных дорог. Целью работы является анализ состояния придорожных защитных лесонасаждений и совершенствование технологических аспектов их создания на примере участка автомагистрали г. Новочеркасск – пос. Каменоломни Ростовской области. Мониторинг придорожных защитных лесонасаждений выявил, что в степных условиях со сложным орографическим рельефом, наряду с защитой от снежных завалов одной из важных функций является эстетическое оформление местности. Протяженность защитных лесных насаждений, как объекта исследований и озеленения – 17 800 м. Маршрут относится к одной из главных магистралей на г. Шахты и федеральную трассу М4 Ростовской области. Определение потребности в создании придорожных лесных полос выявлялось с использованием GPS-навигатора  (GPSmap 62s). Проведен анализ состояния придорожных защитных лесонасаждений на рассматриваемом отрезке автомагистрали и установлен их видовой состав. В соответствии с почвенно-климатическим условиям обоснован ассортимент растений с предпочтением устойчивости к снеголому, декоративности, успешности защиты автодороги от заноса снегом и пылью. Определены объемы посадочного материала с участием Quercus  robur, Acer  platanoides, обоснована система подготовки почвы, видовой состав, схема размещения. На всей протяженности исследуемого участка (17,8 км) требуется создать защитные лесонасаждения (4 лесные полосы протяжённостью 998,0 м, шириной – 12,0 м, площадь 1,2 га). С научным обеспечением и учетом региональных особенностей создания защитных лесонасаждений вдоль автомобильных дорог (конструкция насаждений, ассортимент, методы выращивания, лесоводственные уходы и др.) они способны выполнять свои функции в полном объеме к возрасту 25 лет. In Russia, most roads and railways are protected by forest belts. Even a single row of trees provides good results in road surface protection from snow. At present, in the dry conditions of the Rostov region is not given due attention to scientific developments on the creation, maintenance and reconstruction of protective forests motor roads. The goal of this work (publication) is to analyze the state of roadside protective forest plantations and improve their creation on the example part of the highway of Novocherkassk - Kamenolomni of Rostov region. Monitoring of roadside defensive forests showed that in a steppe environment with complex orographic relief, along with protection from snow clogging, one of the important functions is the aesthetic design of the terrain. The length of protective forest plantations as a research and planting site is 17 800 m. The route is one of the main thoroughfares to the city of Shakhty and the federal highway M4 of the Rostov region. Determination of the need for creating roadside forest belts was detected using GPS-navigator (GPSmap 62s). The condition of roadside protective forest stands on the considered segment of the motorway and their species composition is established. In accordance, with soil and climatic conditions, an assortment of plants with a preference for resistance to snow, decorativeness, and the success of road protection against snow and dust drift are justified. The volumes of planting material with the participation of Quercus   robur, Acer  platanoides, are determined, the soil preparation system, the species composition  and layout. Over the entire length of the investigated area (17,8 km), it is required to create protective forest stands (4 forest belts with a length of 998 m, a width of 12,0 m, an area of 1,2 hectares). With scientific support and consideration of regional peculiarities, creation of protective afforestations along highways (design of plantations, assortment, methods of cultivation, silvicultural care, etc.), they are able to perform their functions in full by the age of 25 years.

scholarly journals Selection of the assortment of trees for protective forest plantations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.I. Petelko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Hydrographic Network

Reclamation of land on community land funds and the hydrographic network contributes to the most effective means of protecting the soil from water erosion. However, the condition, growth, and productivity of the protective forest stands themselves depend on the species composition. Many years of studies have clearly shown that not all tree species and shrubs can successfully grow on washed soils. Extensive scientific material provides a description of the growth and current status of the studied species, a detailed taxation description of the forest plantations. Of particular value are those species that can grow on eroded lands and protect the soil from erosion.

scholarly journals Noise-absorbing properties of road-wood forest strips of different structures in the conditions of Western Polissia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Maksimtsev ◽  
S. M. Dudarets
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Noise Level ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Comparative Characteristic ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
National Importance ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Protective Forest

In the modern conditions of society development the role of protective plantings is great importance. In particular, types of such plantations in the study are protective strips along the roads. At first glance, it is difficult to trace the processes that take place in these lanes. However, by selecting the appropriate adapted research methodology, it is possible to trace these seemingly hidden functions. The significance and relevance the use of roadside forest strips in the context of their noise-absorbing functions are presented. Attention is paid to the analysis of noise load for the operation of large vehicles on highways of international and national importance in the conditions of Western Polissya. An analysis of recent scientific publications with an emphasis on protective plantings as an effective means of preventing negative acoustic loads. The main purpose of the research was to determine the noise-absorbing properties of roadside forest belts depending on their design features and species composition. It is noted that the solution of program tasks of work is carried out with the use of special techniques of researches of noise-absorbing effect by protective forest plantations on transport ways. The comparative characteristic of noise-absorbing effect roadside forest strips and noise-protective screens are executed. On the basis of the conducted researches the mathematical models describing a decrease in noise level depending on a design of roadside forest strips are developed. The generalization of the experimental results showed that the roadside strips of dense and openwork structures are marked by the highest quality noise-absorbing effect. Noise protection screens in the study area help to reduce the noise level to 60 dB and less, it than ensure compliance with the necessary sanitary standards for settlements.

scholarly journals Communities of tree vegetation and wood-destroying fungi in parks of the Kyiv city, Ukraine

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Blinkova ◽  
Oleksandra Ivanenko
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Sambucus Nigra ◽  
Xylotrophic Fungi

Abstract Selected forestry parameters were investigated in the system of tree vegetation and wood-destroying fungi in parks of the Kyiv city along a gradient of recreational transformation. We investigated vitality, age structure and health conditions of woody plants (Acer platanoides L., Aesculus hippocastanum L., Carpinus betulus L., Frangula alnus Mill., Pinus sylvestris L., Quercus robur L., Q. rubra L., Sambucus nigra L., Tilia cordata Mill.), and species, systematic, trophic and spatial compositions of xylotrophic fungi (27 species of xylotrophs representing 22 genera, 16 families, 6 orders of divisions Basidiomycota; class Agaricomycetes). The results showed that the communities of tree vegetation and xylotrophic fungi in parks depend on the degree of recreational transformation of the environment. Vitality, age structure and health conditions of trees altered species composition of xylotrophs.

scholarly journals Shrub vegetation shores strengthening and protection in Kalachevsky district of Volgograd area

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
A.S. Solomentseva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Rosa Canina ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Fine Grained Soil ◽  
Subsurface Runoff ◽  
Protective Forest

The critical abrasion situation manifests itself on the coastal part of the Kalachevsky district due to the increasing anthropogenic load. The most important element of the complex of measures to combat silting of reservoirs and coastal abrasion, as well as an effective measure to strengthen the banks is forest vegetation. The objectives of the research were to study the soil, forest and climatic conditions of the object under study, to develop an assortment of shrubs and features of the formation of protective forest stands, as well as criteria for selecting an adapted assortment of tree and shrub vegetation and methods of caring for the soil and plantings. During the research, the most promising types of shrubs for creating upper protective forest stands were identified: Ligustrum vilgare L., Berberis vulgaris L., Cotoneaster lucidus Schltdl., Amelanchier Medik., Ribes aureum Pursh., Rosa canina L. It was found that the useful role of forest stands is manifested in their ability to convert surface runoff into subsurface runoff, to clean surface stock water from fine-grained soil, to weaken the speed of movement and to extinguish the energy of waves, binding the soil with roots. Recommendations are given for the creation and placement of anti-abrasion plantings, depending on the steepness and height of the slope. It is stated that one of the main measures for the care of the aboveground part of the plantings is the pruning of the crown, carried out taking into account the biological characteristics of their growth and development, including the removal of dry and damaged branches, thinning of the crown, preservation of the previously given crown size, rejuvenation of the crown. It is recommended to place shrubs depending on the landscape, soil and climatic conditions and features of abrasive processes in areas of constant, periodic, episodic flooding and strong moderate and weak flooding of the coastline.

scholarly journals The Methods of Locating Areas Exposed to Wind Erosion in the South Moravia Region

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Podhrázská ◽  
Josef Kučera ◽  
Hana Středová
Keyword(s):  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
The South ◽  
Spatial Function ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
South Moravia ◽  
The Impact

The conditions for the development of wind erosion are determined by the soil and climatic conditions as well as by the presence or absence of wind barriers. It is because of its climatic and soil conditions that the territory of the South Moravia Region has been affected by erosion for centuries. Combined with the atmospheric conditions, the dry and warm climate enables the development of aeolian processes both in light, drying soils and – under certain climatic conditions – in heavy, clay-loam soils. Soil erosion exposure maps have been prepared in order to identify the territories which are potentially exposed to wind erosion in terms of the soil and climatic conditions. Six exposure categories have been applied to the soils. However, the impact of permanent vegetation barriers – line elements – must be considered in order to identify the most exposed areas. Protective forest belts were planted in the 1950s to counter the effects of wind erosion and they are included in the database of the Institute for Economic Forest Management. The network of these wind barriers and the heath condition of the individual elements are often unsatisfactory because of poor maintenance. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the spatial function of the network of protective forest belts using the map of the potential exposure of soil in the Region of South Moravia. The method used to evaluate the spatial function of the windbreaks presented in the study using GIS instruments.

scholarly journals CONDITION OF FIELD PROTECTIVE STRIPS IN CONDITIONS OF STEPPE ZONE OF VORONEZH REGION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Zamiusskaya ◽  
V. Koza ◽  
Tat'yana Kramareva
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
The State ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Biometric Data ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
Surface Air Layer

The paper presents the results of studies of protective strips located in the Voronezh region in the Rossoshansky district. The characteristic of biometric data of forest belts of the same age and their dependence on the density of planting, width of strips and row spacing is given. The comparison of the soil, its impact on the growth and development of trees is displayed. The influence of the design of protective forest stands on the temperature of the surface air layer is also shown. The state of the plantings and the factors that adversely affect it are determined: the lack of care measures, deforestation, clutter and the presence of a large number of diseases and pests.

scholarly journals Accumulation of heavy metals in soil and litter of roadside plantations in Western Polissia of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-242
Author(s):  
Serhii Maksimtsev ◽  
Serhii Dudarets ◽  
Vasyl Yukhnovskyi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
National Importance ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Maximum Allowable Concentrations

Abstract The article presents the results of a study on the influence of roadside forest belts of different species composition on the accumulation of heavy metals in soil and litter along roads of international and national importance in the conditions of Western Polissia of Ukraine. Mobile forms of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in soil and forest litter samples were determined in ammonium acetate extract buffer by atomic absorption spectrometry. The analysis of the content of heavy metals, their comparison with the maximum allowable concentrations depending on the composition of plantations and the category of the highway have been done. It is confirmed that roadside forest belts perform important functions in the accumulation of heavy metals in soil and forest litter. It is confirmed that roadside forest belts perform important functions in the accumulation of heavy metals in soil and forest litter. Among all the pollutants studied, the concentration of cadmium was the lowest and that of zinc the highest (especially in forest litter). Lead and copper in this indicator occupied an intermediate position. Despite the different species composition of plantations, the coefficient of concentration of heavy metals in the soil did not exceed the maximum allowable concentrations and was on average in the range of 0.10–0.20 of these indicators. The greatest effect of delaying the migration of heavy metals was observed in forest litter. Therefore, in order to effectively use the biological barrier along the roads, it is necessary to create linear protective belts of deciduous species with Acer platanoides, Betula pendula, Carpinus betulus and Tilia cordata, which give a rich annual litterfall.

AGROFORESTRY SOIL SCIENCE: DEVELOPMENT, ACHIEVEMENTS, TASKS

1970 ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
V. M. Kretinin ◽  
K. N. Kulik ◽  
A. V. Koshelev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Effect ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Soil Reclamation ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Protective Forest

The article summarizes materials on the development and establishment of a scientific field - agroforestmeliorative soil science. Agroforestmelioration arose in the nineteenth century  based on it, with the active participation of V.V. Dokuchaev, agroforestmeliorative soil science developed as a forest soil science. The factors of soil formation under forest belts, the evolution and polymorphism of soils, the biogeocenotic horizon of the forest litter, soil regimes in the agroforestmelioration landscape, the influence of protective forest plantations on the soil, their role in reducing environmental pollution were studied, agroforestmeliorative zoning of Russia was carried out, and the forest suitability of soils was assessed. The ecological, energy and economic effect of CO2 sequestration from the reclamation effect of protective forest plantations  in Russia in the 20th century was calculated, which amounted to 256 trillion rubles. The cycle and balance of nitrogen and ash elements in the phytomass of field-protecting forest belts of the forest-steppe, steppe, dry-steppe and semi-desert zones of the Russian Federation was studied. The features of the type of cycle of elements are revealed. The average increase in humus in a meter layer of soil under protective forest plantations was 43.26 t/ha, gross nitrogen 2.181, phosphorus 0.704 and potassium 3.462 t/ha and at a distance of 4H from them, respectively, 8.22; 0.423; 0.271 and 2.243 t/ha. It was established that biologized crop rotation in the forest-reclaimed territory in the forest-steppe, steppe and dry-steppe natural zones increase soil yield by 1.9-17.0 points and crop productivity by 4355-9320 MJ/ha per year. For the first time in agroforestmeliorative soil science, materials are presented on changes in soil properties in the butt of tree species, soil reclamation of the phytogenic fields of trees and shrubs. The participation of agroforestmeliorative soil science in agroforestmeliorative agriculture, agroecology is shown. The tasks of agroforestmeliorative soil science for the coming period are proposed.

Assessment of climatic conditions for the purpose to organize the restoration protective forest strips on the territory of Pervomaysky district in the Republic of Crimea

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-39
Author(s):  
V. O. Smirnov ◽  
N. V. Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Wind Regime ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Dryness Index ◽  
Total Temperature ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
Heat And Moisture ◽  
Selyaninov Hydrothermal Coefficient

The paper evaluates the climatic conditions in order to organize the restoration of protective forest strips on the territory of the Pervomaysky district of the Republic of Crimea. The following indicators were analyzed and mapped: the wind regime of the territory (wind direction, speed, repeatability); heat and moisture availability of the territory (precipitation for various periods, average and total temperature values for months and periods, moisture coefficients of the territory (Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient (SCC), Budyko dryness index and Sukachev coefficient (CS). On their basis, climatopes of forest belts are compiled. The presented data and certain climatic parameters are used to determine the design features of forest belts within the areas under consideration. The amount of data provided is sufficient in accordance with the guidelines for the design of protective forest stands to assess the meso-climatic conditions of the survey area.

scholarly journals Conservancy of forest shelter belts in Russia and the Rostov region as one of the factors of transition to a green economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 08110
Author(s):  
Maria Rodina
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Natural Death ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Shelter Belts ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
Destructive Processes ◽  
Forest Shelter Belts

Today forestry in Russia is going through one of the most difficult periods in its history, which has resulted in decades of extensive wasteful land use. So, change of climate can bring desertification of some territories and various forms of degradation (desertification) cover about 60 percent of the land in the Rostov region, and the rest is potentially dangerous in this regard. The reasons are anthropogenic impact, drought, erosion, deflation. Despite the fact that in recent years Russia has been developing forestry legislation and has taken a course towards the development of sustainable growth and "green" one, the regions are taking measures aimed at protecting lands from degradation and preserving soil fertility, soil-destructive processes and desertification are increasing many times over. An inventory of forest resources in Russia was carried out in 2019 and it showed that the forest cover in Russia tends to decrease, and on the territory of the Rostov region, forest inventory was carried out in 2006, only 40% of all forests were taken into account - about 240 thousand hectares of protective forest plantations, from of them 125.8 thousand hectares are shelter belts. It’s imperative to enact urgent measures for reforestation and landscaping of territories and annually reconstruct forest belts and create new ones to improve environmental conditions in regions with low forest cover, otherwise in 10-15 years their mass natural death may occur.

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