scholarly journals Ecological and economic basis of anti-erosion stability of forest-agrarian landscapes

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-452
Author(s):  
І. V. Koshkalda ◽  
V. V. Tyshkovets ◽  
A. A. Suska
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Ecological Economic ◽  
Erosion Stability ◽  
Protective Forest

The ecological and economic foundations of rational nature management in restoring various kinds of protective forest stands under conditions of severe damage and destruction of wood-shrubby species in the natural-climatic and economic zones of the country were developed. It was determined that using traditional methods of restoration of protective forest plantations in many cases is no longer acceptable due to different levels of damage and substantial changes to economic entities on Earth. However, the main methodological approaches remain. A new methodological approach to restoring forests on the basis of constant adaptation of the existing methodologies for the design and calculation of economic efficiency of new plantings and new ecological-economic conditions and peculiarities has been developed. Certainly ,numerousincorrectly planned forest stands have been created that do not sufficiently fulfill their ecological and economic functions and do not even have a general system of protection of the soil from negative factors. For effective regeneration of plants we have developed a formula for calculating the erosion stability of forest-agrarian landscapes for their optimal recovery through forest shelterbelts. We have developed new features of design and calculation of ecological and economic efficiency of newly created forest ameliorative spaces with new natural-economic conditions for their sustainable regeneration under modern conditions. The transition to environmentally sustainable agriculture of European standards requires fundamentally new solutions to the problem of using forest stands as an organizational component of ameliorative complexes in the context of soil erosion control measures. Soil erosion is one of the main factors of anthropogenic impact on land resources. Intensification of erosion processes leads to substantial degradation of soils, causing great losses to agriculture and generally endangers the safe development of mankind. As long as the process of degradation of the soil continues , the agroecological condition deteriorates and the increased application of mineral and organic fertilizers fails to improve the crop volume , insofar as the crop yield is formed mainly due to the natural soil fertility. In the process of research, we discovered that the expansion of the front intake surface runoff in forestry plantings allows one to increase their effective water-regulative functions. Such an event has a certain practical value, because a large proportion of forest shelterbelts even in satisfactory condition only perform their functionsat 20-30%. Taking into account the indicators of ameliorative-hydrological stress and counter-erosion stability of landscapes in locations of planted forest stands proved to be the most effective method of strengthening the initial contact with runoff ("active") plots .This provides is a unique chance to optimize the ecological economic system of protective forest plantations , especially in newly formed agricultural enterprises under new economic conditions.

scholarly journals Selection of the assortment of trees for protective forest plantations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.I. Petelko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Hydrographic Network

Reclamation of land on community land funds and the hydrographic network contributes to the most effective means of protecting the soil from water erosion. However, the condition, growth, and productivity of the protective forest stands themselves depend on the species composition. Many years of studies have clearly shown that not all tree species and shrubs can successfully grow on washed soils. Extensive scientific material provides a description of the growth and current status of the studied species, a detailed taxation description of the forest plantations. Of particular value are those species that can grow on eroded lands and protect the soil from erosion.

TO THE QUESTION ABOUT ECOLOGICAL-ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVITIES IN URBAN AREAS IN THE NEW ECONOMIC ENVIRON

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-169
Author(s):  
Анна Таранова ◽  
Anna Taranova ◽  
Наталья Борисова ◽  
Natalya Borisova ◽  
Александр Борисов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Ecological Economic ◽  
Efficiency Cost ◽  
Environmental Activities

The analysis of aspects of ecological and economic efficiency in environmental management in urban areas under the new economic conditions is given. The main task of evaluating economic efficiency, cost and profit, research, indicators of the ecological-economic efficiency and address key methods of economic evaluation of environmental activities identified. the need to analyse the economic efficiency and its organization, defining objectives, through which to ensure the conservation and installation of the dependence of efficiency on different factors also reviewed.

Regional specificity creation of protective afforestations along highways

2018 ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
С.Н. КРУЖИЛИН ◽  
Т.Ю. БАРАНОВА ◽  
М.П. МИШЕНИНА ◽  
М.А. ЗАЙЦЕВА
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Surface Protection ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Protective Forest

В России большинство автомобильных и железных дорог защищены лесными полосами. В настоящее время в засушливых условиях Ростовской области не уделяется должного внимания научным разработкам по вопросам создания, содержания и реконструкции защитных лесонасаждений  вдоль автомобильных дорог. Целью работы является анализ состояния придорожных защитных лесонасаждений и совершенствование технологических аспектов их создания на примере участка автомагистрали г. Новочеркасск – пос. Каменоломни Ростовской области. Мониторинг придорожных защитных лесонасаждений выявил, что в степных условиях со сложным орографическим рельефом, наряду с защитой от снежных завалов одной из важных функций является эстетическое оформление местности. Протяженность защитных лесных насаждений, как объекта исследований и озеленения – 17 800 м. Маршрут относится к одной из главных магистралей на г. Шахты и федеральную трассу М4 Ростовской области. Определение потребности в создании придорожных лесных полос выявлялось с использованием GPS-навигатора  (GPSmap 62s). Проведен анализ состояния придорожных защитных лесонасаждений на рассматриваемом отрезке автомагистрали и установлен их видовой состав. В соответствии с почвенно-климатическим условиям обоснован ассортимент растений с предпочтением устойчивости к снеголому, декоративности, успешности защиты автодороги от заноса снегом и пылью. Определены объемы посадочного материала с участием Quercus  robur, Acer  platanoides, обоснована система подготовки почвы, видовой состав, схема размещения. На всей протяженности исследуемого участка (17,8 км) требуется создать защитные лесонасаждения (4 лесные полосы протяжённостью 998,0 м, шириной – 12,0 м, площадь 1,2 га). С научным обеспечением и учетом региональных особенностей создания защитных лесонасаждений вдоль автомобильных дорог (конструкция насаждений, ассортимент, методы выращивания, лесоводственные уходы и др.) они способны выполнять свои функции в полном объеме к возрасту 25 лет. In Russia, most roads and railways are protected by forest belts. Even a single row of trees provides good results in road surface protection from snow. At present, in the dry conditions of the Rostov region is not given due attention to scientific developments on the creation, maintenance and reconstruction of protective forests motor roads. The goal of this work (publication) is to analyze the state of roadside protective forest plantations and improve their creation on the example part of the highway of Novocherkassk - Kamenolomni of Rostov region. Monitoring of roadside defensive forests showed that in a steppe environment with complex orographic relief, along with protection from snow clogging, one of the important functions is the aesthetic design of the terrain. The length of protective forest plantations as a research and planting site is 17 800 m. The route is one of the main thoroughfares to the city of Shakhty and the federal highway M4 of the Rostov region. Determination of the need for creating roadside forest belts was detected using GPS-navigator (GPSmap 62s). The condition of roadside protective forest stands on the considered segment of the motorway and their species composition is established. In accordance, with soil and climatic conditions, an assortment of plants with a preference for resistance to snow, decorativeness, and the success of road protection against snow and dust drift are justified. The volumes of planting material with the participation of Quercus   robur, Acer  platanoides, are determined, the soil preparation system, the species composition  and layout. Over the entire length of the investigated area (17,8 km), it is required to create protective forest stands (4 forest belts with a length of 998 m, a width of 12,0 m, an area of 1,2 hectares). With scientific support and consideration of regional peculiarities, creation of protective afforestations along highways (design of plantations, assortment, methods of cultivation, silvicultural care, etc.), they are able to perform their functions in full by the age of 25 years.

scholarly journals Agro-landscape arrangement of agricultural lands

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Andrey Vladimirovich Panfilov ◽  
Valery Genadievich Popov ◽  
Yuriy Vyacheslavovich Bondarenko ◽  
Konstantin Mikhailovich Doronin ◽  
Lyudmila Mikhailovna Kornilova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Optimal Shape ◽  
Adaptive Landscape ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Water Reclamation ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Mixing Schemes ◽  
Protective Forest

The article deals with adaptive landscape farming systems focused on differentiated use of land, taking into account their degradation hazard. These systems include optimization of technologies for crop rotation and pasture use, creation of protective forest stands and objects of anti-erosion hydrotechnical and irrigation-water reclamation. The microclimate of the surrounding fields changes under the influence of protective forest stands, as well as the ecological structure of field associations. This increased the phytomass of cultural agrocenoses. The optimal shape of the area of protective forest plantations, the location and nature of their location, as well as the width of forest strips and mixing schemes that determine the design, must be made taking into account the type of agricultural landscape.

PROTECTIVE FOREST PLANTATIONS OF THE EASTERN REGIONS OF VOLGA OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

10.12737/7749 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 139-143
Author(s):  
Сабиров ◽  
Artur Sabirov ◽  
Шакиров ◽  
Ilshat Shakirov ◽  
Галиуллин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Protective Forest

The protective forest plantations of the eastern Volga region of the Republic of Tatarstan were investigated. The basic types of protective forest communities of the region were distignguished. The productivity of stands was difined, their condition was described. The authors characterized the biological diversity of forest stands on the level of plant species and ecosystem. The article also describes the types of soil, on which a learned protective forest plant communities of eastern Volga region were raised.

ECONOMIC AND SILVICULTURAL EFFICIENCY OF CREATION OF PROTECTIVE FOREST PLANTATIONS ON STEEP SLOPES

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
P.N. Proyezdov ◽  
◽  
D.A. Mashtakov ◽  
A.N. Avtonomov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
Steep Slopes

scholarly journals Shrub vegetation shores strengthening and protection in Kalachevsky district of Volgograd area

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
A.S. Solomentseva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Rosa Canina ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Fine Grained Soil ◽  
Subsurface Runoff ◽  
Protective Forest

The critical abrasion situation manifests itself on the coastal part of the Kalachevsky district due to the increasing anthropogenic load. The most important element of the complex of measures to combat silting of reservoirs and coastal abrasion, as well as an effective measure to strengthen the banks is forest vegetation. The objectives of the research were to study the soil, forest and climatic conditions of the object under study, to develop an assortment of shrubs and features of the formation of protective forest stands, as well as criteria for selecting an adapted assortment of tree and shrub vegetation and methods of caring for the soil and plantings. During the research, the most promising types of shrubs for creating upper protective forest stands were identified: Ligustrum vilgare L., Berberis vulgaris L., Cotoneaster lucidus Schltdl., Amelanchier Medik., Ribes aureum Pursh., Rosa canina L. It was found that the useful role of forest stands is manifested in their ability to convert surface runoff into subsurface runoff, to clean surface stock water from fine-grained soil, to weaken the speed of movement and to extinguish the energy of waves, binding the soil with roots. Recommendations are given for the creation and placement of anti-abrasion plantings, depending on the steepness and height of the slope. It is stated that one of the main measures for the care of the aboveground part of the plantings is the pruning of the crown, carried out taking into account the biological characteristics of their growth and development, including the removal of dry and damaged branches, thinning of the crown, preservation of the previously given crown size, rejuvenation of the crown. It is recommended to place shrubs depending on the landscape, soil and climatic conditions and features of abrasive processes in areas of constant, periodic, episodic flooding and strong moderate and weak flooding of the coastline.

scholarly journals Institutional levers of maintenance of ecological-economic efficiency of agricultural land-use

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
O. Butrym ◽  
V. Doroschuk ◽  
N. Komarova ◽  
Ju. Tereschenko
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Land Use ◽  
Ecological Economic
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