scholarly journals Noise-absorbing properties of road-wood forest strips of different structures in the conditions of Western Polissia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Maksimtsev ◽  
S. M. Dudarets

In the modern conditions of society development the role of protective plantings is great importance. In particular, types of such plantations in the study are protective strips along the roads. At first glance, it is difficult to trace the processes that take place in these lanes. However, by selecting the appropriate adapted research methodology, it is possible to trace these seemingly hidden functions. The significance and relevance the use of roadside forest strips in the context of their noise-absorbing functions are presented. Attention is paid to the analysis of noise load for the operation of large vehicles on highways of international and national importance in the conditions of Western Polissya. An analysis of recent scientific publications with an emphasis on protective plantings as an effective means of preventing negative acoustic loads. The main purpose of the research was to determine the noise-absorbing properties of roadside forest belts depending on their design features and species composition. It is noted that the solution of program tasks of work is carried out with the use of special techniques of researches of noise-absorbing effect by protective forest plantations on transport ways. The comparative characteristic of noise-absorbing effect roadside forest strips and noise-protective screens are executed. On the basis of the conducted researches the mathematical models describing a decrease in noise level depending on a design of roadside forest strips are developed. The generalization of the experimental results showed that the roadside strips of dense and openwork structures are marked by the highest quality noise-absorbing effect. Noise protection screens in the study area help to reduce the noise level to 60 dB and less, it than ensure compliance with the necessary sanitary standards for settlements.

Author(s):  
A.I. Petelko ◽  

Reclamation of land on community land funds and the hydrographic network contributes to the most effective means of protecting the soil from water erosion. However, the condition, growth, and productivity of the protective forest stands themselves depend on the species composition. Many years of studies have clearly shown that not all tree species and shrubs can successfully grow on washed soils. Extensive scientific material provides a description of the growth and current status of the studied species, a detailed taxation description of the forest plantations. Of particular value are those species that can grow on eroded lands and protect the soil from erosion.


2018 ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
С.Н. КРУЖИЛИН ◽  
Т.Ю. БАРАНОВА ◽  
М.П. МИШЕНИНА ◽  
М.А. ЗАЙЦЕВА

В России большинство автомобильных и железных дорог защищены лесными полосами. В настоящее время в засушливых условиях Ростовской области не уделяется должного внимания научным разработкам по вопросам создания, содержания и реконструкции защитных лесонасаждений  вдоль автомобильных дорог. Целью работы является анализ состояния придорожных защитных лесонасаждений и совершенствование технологических аспектов их создания на примере участка автомагистрали г. Новочеркасск – пос. Каменоломни Ростовской области. Мониторинг придорожных защитных лесонасаждений выявил, что в степных условиях со сложным орографическим рельефом, наряду с защитой от снежных завалов одной из важных функций является эстетическое оформление местности. Протяженность защитных лесных насаждений, как объекта исследований и озеленения – 17 800 м. Маршрут относится к одной из главных магистралей на г. Шахты и федеральную трассу М4 Ростовской области. Определение потребности в создании придорожных лесных полос выявлялось с использованием GPS-навигатора  (GPSmap 62s). Проведен анализ состояния придорожных защитных лесонасаждений на рассматриваемом отрезке автомагистрали и установлен их видовой состав. В соответствии с почвенно-климатическим условиям обоснован ассортимент растений с предпочтением устойчивости к снеголому, декоративности, успешности защиты автодороги от заноса снегом и пылью. Определены объемы посадочного материала с участием Quercus  robur, Acer  platanoides, обоснована система подготовки почвы, видовой состав, схема размещения. На всей протяженности исследуемого участка (17,8 км) требуется создать защитные лесонасаждения (4 лесные полосы протяжённостью 998,0 м, шириной – 12,0 м, площадь 1,2 га). С научным обеспечением и учетом региональных особенностей создания защитных лесонасаждений вдоль автомобильных дорог (конструкция насаждений, ассортимент, методы выращивания, лесоводственные уходы и др.) они способны выполнять свои функции в полном объеме к возрасту 25 лет. In Russia, most roads and railways are protected by forest belts. Even a single row of trees provides good results in road surface protection from snow. At present, in the dry conditions of the Rostov region is not given due attention to scientific developments on the creation, maintenance and reconstruction of protective forests motor roads. The goal of this work (publication) is to analyze the state of roadside protective forest plantations and improve their creation on the example part of the highway of Novocherkassk - Kamenolomni of Rostov region. Monitoring of roadside defensive forests showed that in a steppe environment with complex orographic relief, along with protection from snow clogging, one of the important functions is the aesthetic design of the terrain. The length of protective forest plantations as a research and planting site is 17 800 m. The route is one of the main thoroughfares to the city of Shakhty and the federal highway M4 of the Rostov region. Determination of the need for creating roadside forest belts was detected using GPS-navigator (GPSmap 62s). The condition of roadside protective forest stands on the considered segment of the motorway and their species composition is established. In accordance, with soil and climatic conditions, an assortment of plants with a preference for resistance to snow, decorativeness, and the success of road protection against snow and dust drift are justified. The volumes of planting material with the participation of Quercus   robur, Acer  platanoides, are determined, the soil preparation system, the species composition  and layout. Over the entire length of the investigated area (17,8 km), it is required to create protective forest stands (4 forest belts with a length of 998 m, a width of 12,0 m, an area of 1,2 hectares). With scientific support and consideration of regional peculiarities, creation of protective afforestations along highways (design of plantations, assortment, methods of cultivation, silvicultural care, etc.), they are able to perform their functions in full by the age of 25 years.


2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-242
Author(s):  
Serhii Maksimtsev ◽  
Serhii Dudarets ◽  
Vasyl Yukhnovskyi

Abstract The article presents the results of a study on the influence of roadside forest belts of different species composition on the accumulation of heavy metals in soil and litter along roads of international and national importance in the conditions of Western Polissia of Ukraine. Mobile forms of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in soil and forest litter samples were determined in ammonium acetate extract buffer by atomic absorption spectrometry. The analysis of the content of heavy metals, their comparison with the maximum allowable concentrations depending on the composition of plantations and the category of the highway have been done. It is confirmed that roadside forest belts perform important functions in the accumulation of heavy metals in soil and forest litter. It is confirmed that roadside forest belts perform important functions in the accumulation of heavy metals in soil and forest litter. Among all the pollutants studied, the concentration of cadmium was the lowest and that of zinc the highest (especially in forest litter). Lead and copper in this indicator occupied an intermediate position. Despite the different species composition of plantations, the coefficient of concentration of heavy metals in the soil did not exceed the maximum allowable concentrations and was on average in the range of 0.10–0.20 of these indicators. The greatest effect of delaying the migration of heavy metals was observed in forest litter. Therefore, in order to effectively use the biological barrier along the roads, it is necessary to create linear protective belts of deciduous species with Acer platanoides, Betula pendula, Carpinus betulus and Tilia cordata, which give a rich annual litterfall.


Author(s):  
V. M. Kretinin ◽  
K. N. Kulik ◽  
A. V. Koshelev

The article summarizes materials on the development and establishment of a scientific field - agroforestmeliorative soil science. Agroforestmelioration arose in the nineteenth century  based on it, with the active participation of V.V. Dokuchaev, agroforestmeliorative soil science developed as a forest soil science. The factors of soil formation under forest belts, the evolution and polymorphism of soils, the biogeocenotic horizon of the forest litter, soil regimes in the agroforestmelioration landscape, the influence of protective forest plantations on the soil, their role in reducing environmental pollution were studied, agroforestmeliorative zoning of Russia was carried out, and the forest suitability of soils was assessed. The ecological, energy and economic effect of CO2 sequestration from the reclamation effect of protective forest plantations  in Russia in the 20th century was calculated, which amounted to 256 trillion rubles. The cycle and balance of nitrogen and ash elements in the phytomass of field-protecting forest belts of the forest-steppe, steppe, dry-steppe and semi-desert zones of the Russian Federation was studied. The features of the type of cycle of elements are revealed. The average increase in humus in a meter layer of soil under protective forest plantations was 43.26 t/ha, gross nitrogen 2.181, phosphorus 0.704 and potassium 3.462 t/ha and at a distance of 4H from them, respectively, 8.22; 0.423; 0.271 and 2.243 t/ha. It was established that biologized crop rotation in the forest-reclaimed territory in the forest-steppe, steppe and dry-steppe natural zones increase soil yield by 1.9-17.0 points and crop productivity by 4355-9320 MJ/ha per year. For the first time in agroforestmeliorative soil science, materials are presented on changes in soil properties in the butt of tree species, soil reclamation of the phytogenic fields of trees and shrubs. The participation of agroforestmeliorative soil science in agroforestmeliorative agriculture, agroecology is shown. The tasks of agroforestmeliorative soil science for the coming period are proposed.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
Nataliya Rybalkina ◽  
Vladimir Tunyakin ◽  
Aleksandr Popov ◽  
Leonid Shenshin

With an increase in the anthropogenic load on agricultural landscapes and global climate change, the role of not only the forests of Russia, but also artificially created, man-made forest stands, especially systems of protective stands, is growing. The system of forest belts of the Stone Steppe consists of forest strips of different ages, species composition and width. The oldest stands are 126 years old, the youngest are 28 years old. After the drought of 2010, the death of birch, poplar and partially ash began in many forest belts of the southeast of the Central Chernozem region. Forest strips of the Stone-Steppe system were not an exception. The death of birch and poplar occurred not only in old plantings, but also in middle-aged ones. It is necessary to know their renewable potential to restore the protective functions of forest strips. Old-age forest belts have suffered more from drought. Therefore the article is devoted to the study of the main reserve of renewable potential - the presence of reliable undergrowth and the conditions of its existence under the canopy of the parent forest stand of forest belts aged 62 to 120 years. The article touches upon the concept of a new direction in agroforestry: the mechanism of spatial expansion of protective forest belts on arable land due to the appearance of forest edges consisting of maple and the role of forest edges in the forest-forming process of man-made strip stands have been shown


Author(s):  
Boris Polushkovsky ◽  
Anna Belova

The article analyzes the possibility of evaluating the current state of forest protection plant in the Stavropol Territory based on remote sensing data. With the help of photogrammetric and kartometric methods, space snapshots are analyzed for the model territory of the Stavropol Territory (Novoaleksandrovsky City District). The use of geo-information technologies allowed us using a cartographic method to estimate the current state of forest belt and determine their qualitative and quantitative characteristics. In the process of digitizing and decrypting, forest belts were divided into categories by destruction. In total, 2524 forest belts with a total area of 10.95 thousand hectares were allocated during the work. As a result, it was possible to assess the qualitative state of the forest belt of the Novoaleksandrovsky urban district and reveal that entire and slightly destroyed protective forest belts are greater than in quantitative terms and in the area they occupy. Further, in the process of the study, the quantitative characteristics of the forest belt were established—the area was determined, and the length and width of all protective forest plantations of the Novoaleksandrovsky urban district was determined and entered into an attribute table. It has been established that the width of most of the protective forest belt (1281 pcs) in the area of the study is from 20 to 30 meters, and 1001 forest belts have a width of more than 30 m. The most common length of forest belt is less than 500 m. (1034 pcs.) and 500–1000 meters (680 pcs.). Square characteristics of protective forest plantations are much more inhomogeneous—so, completely scaffolding was revealed 247 pcs., With a total area of 1058 hectares. Slightly destroyed forest belt 1623 pcs. and their area are 7395 hectares. Significantly destroyed forest belt 41 pcs., with an area of 1734 hectares and fully destroyed—44 pcs., with an area of 213.8 hectares. The proposed research methodology and evaluation of protective forest plantations can be used for other territories of the Stavropol Territory for a more complete study of the state of the region of the region.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Nataliya Rybalkina ◽  
Aleksandr Popov

The article analyzes the nine-year experience of the effectiveness of the use of the herbicide Roundup (based on glyphosate) in the growing edges in protective forest belts and on skid roads. Options for chemical growth control of various species in comparison with mechanical ones have been studied for the first time in the conditions of Stone Steppe, which is considered to be the best created system of protective afforestation in Russia. The characteristics of the herbicide, the principle of action and the method of its application are given. It was found that shoots do not appear in all subsequent years, and the process of stump destruction begins at 3 years after treatment of stumps of freshly cut trees with this preparation. In comparison with other chemical methods, it has minimal labor and money costs for its application. Thus, the efficiency of the method for treating fresh stumps with herbicide is the highest one. After processing, undergrowth is partially formed, depressed and dies off the next year. It has been found that this method reduces labor costs by 17 times, and the labor cost - by 6.7 times in comparison with mechanical treatment.


Author(s):  
V. A. Silova ◽  

Purpose: to assess the state of dry steppe agroforestry landscapes in Volgograd region, to analyze changes in the values of the vegetation index of sown areas in relation to the width of the favorable protective effect of forest plantations to identify the possibility of using Earth remote sensing data to assess the yield of arable land in agroforestry landscapes. Materials and methods. The object of research is agroforestry landscapes of the dry steppe zone. The studies were carried out in Kalachevsky district Volgograd region. The research methods are based on the aerospace survey technique in combination with geoinformation technologies, interpretation and computer modeling in agroforestry landscapes. The analysis of arable land and the impact of protective forest plantations on arable land productivity was carried out using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Results. Dynamics of vegetation indices for the period 2017–2019 showed the relationship between the zone of favorable influence of the forest shelter belts and their level of degradation, which affected the state of winter wheat crops grown in the dry steppe zone, namely the NDVI values. The regularity of changes in the vegetation index is monitored when the safety of protective forest plantations changes. It is possible to determine the estimated yield of the field by the regression equations, applying the relationship between the vegetation index and the safety of forest belts, according to their zone of favorable influence. Conclusions: field-protective forest belts with high forest stand preservation form favorable protective conditions in the fields for growing crops at a distance of up to 300 m for the dry-steppe zone of Volgograd region, which is confirmed by high yields in the zone of influence of these forest plantations.


2017 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 121-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. I. Erusalimskii ◽  
◽  
V. A. Rozhkov ◽  

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