scholarly journals Botanical composition dynamics in fodder agrophytocenoses based on legume-cereal herbs

2021 ◽  
Vol 2(26) ◽  
pp. 178-190
Author(s):  
A.K. Svechnikov ◽  
◽  
L.M. Kozlova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Resistant Species

Various ecological and biological factors, including the composition of grass mixtures in crop rotation, affect the state of agrophytocenosis. The purpose of the research was to reveal the regularities of changes in the botanical composition of crops in forage agrophytocenoses depending on the duration of perennial legume-cereal grasses cultivation. The experiment was conducted according to B. A. Dospekhov’s “Methods of field research” on the experimental field of the Mari Research Institute of Agriculture, a branch of the FSBSI “Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East” in 2013–2018. In a two-factor field experiment, we studied the botanical composition dynamics in three six-field grain-grass crop rotations and goat-rump grass mixture (Factor A) with and without nitrogen fertilizing against the background of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers (Factor B). Soil of the experimental plots – sod-podzolic mid loamy. The meteorological conditions of the growing seasons were often unfavorable; therefore, the crops were strongly suppressed. The most drought-resistant species (sunflower, winter rye, alfalfa and barley with a mass fraction of 55 %, 97 %, 20 % and 96 %, respectively) had an advantage over weeds in grass mixtures by weight in the spring-summer period during the third rotation of the studied crop rotations. Plants of red clover and white mustard in the catch crop were strongly suppressed by drought. The clover-alfalfa-timothy grass mixture was replaced by forbs from 36 % in mass in the first year of use with a step of 23 % in subsequent years. After the 15-year usage, the second component in the grass mixture monocrop (Galega orientalis Lam. + Bromus inermis Leyss) completely dropped out. Non-sown grasses faster replaced the crop components of the herbage on the fields without nitrogen fertilizing. Thus, the crop rotation fields with the richly diverse crops composition and the nitrogen application were infested with fewer weeds (4.0–10.6 % by mass).

scholarly journals Naked oat is promising raw material for deep grain processing

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 447-455
Author(s):  
N. R. Andreev ◽  
V. G. Goldstein ◽  
L. P. Nosovskaya ◽  
L. V. Adikaeva ◽  
E. O. Golionko
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Naked Oat ◽  
Grain Processing ◽  
North East ◽  
The North

During the research conducted at the All-Russian Research Institute for Starch Products there has been developed a technological mode of using cellulolytic enzymes to reduce the viscosity of grain pulp obtained by grinding naked oat grains soaked in a sodium metabisulphite solution. As the experimental data had been processed, the optimum technological parameters of the process were determined: the consumption of the enzyme preparation Viscoferm was 200 g/t of grain and the dura-tion of fermentation by constant stirring for 2.5 hours at pH 4.6 and temperature 50°C. Under laboratory conditions there has been studied the possibility of starch processing of naked oat grain samples Vyatka, Percheron, 857h05, 766 h05 varieties grown in the Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named N.V. Rudnitsky. Technological assessment based on grain processing in the laboratory using the “plant on the table” method has shown that the yield of coarse-grained starch A in the processing of naked oat using cellulolytic enzymes is 51.4-53.9%, i.e. higher than that of filmy oats, rye Falenskaya 4 and Vyatka 2, wheat and triticale. Low starch content in fiber (7.7-8.7% dry substances DS of fiber) was found in comparison with the results obtained from the processing of filmy oats, Falenskaya and Vyatka 2 rye varieties, wheat and triticale (11.2 - 13.9% DS of fiber). Fiber output by the processing of naked oats is 7.3 - 8.8% DS of grain, by the processing of other types of grain 10.3 - 17.5% DS of grain. The yield of small-grain starch B in the processing of the studied varieties of naked oat is 19.2 - 20.8% DS of grain, that is higher than this value obtained by processing of filmy oats and wheat, but lower than by pro-cessing of rye and triticale. Isolated carbohydrate-protein concentrate, including starch B and proteins, is recommended for use with the extract and fiber as a component for the production of feed.

scholarly journals THE BUCKWHEAT ROLE IN CROP ROTATION AND WEED CONTROL IN THIS SOWINGS IN LONG TERM TRIAL

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Andris Lejiņš ◽  
Biruta Lejiņa
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Term Trial ◽  
Experimental Plots ◽  
Yield Decrease ◽  
Research Institute

Buckwheat research has been carried out within the long-term crop rotation stationary that was established in 1969 as a part of the Research institute of Agriculture. Buckwheat proportion within the partcular crop rotations went up to 22%. The highest buckwheat yields were obtained from the buckwheat variants that where cultivated after winter rye, and within the buckwheat monoculture experimental plots. A considerable yield decrease was observed when cultivating buckwheat after potatoes. Weeds in the buckwheat sowing were effectively brought under control by the herbicide Butisane 400 (1.5 l ha-1), applied immediately after sowing and Betanal AM 2.5 l ha-1 after seedling in 2-3 leaves stage.

Comparative evaluation of red clover genotypes with the “Pskovskiy mestnyy dvuukosnyy” variety

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
А.М. Мазин ◽  
Э.Э. Егги
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
North West ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
The North ◽  
Research Institute

В статье рассмотрены приёмы восстановления высокоурожайного сорта клевера лугового Псковский местный двуукосный селекции Псковского НИИСХ с целью возвращения его в сельскохозяйственное производство Северо-Западного региона РФ. Сорт Псковский местный двуукосный отличается высокой урожайностью, продуктивным долголетием и устойчивостью к неблагоприятным факторам среды. Имеет повышенный спрос у производственников Псковской области. Однако отсутствие семеноводства, проблемы с выдачей сортовых и посевных документов сдерживают его распространение. Большой интерес представляет использование данного сорта в селекционной работе. В 2018–2020 годах в питомнике ОП Псковского НИИСХ были изучены семь образцов этой культуры (П-101–П-107), полученных из хозяйств области. Посеянные семена собраны с неапробированных посевов предположительно сорта Псковский местный двуукосный, который возделывался в хозяйствах многие годы. Для сравнительного анализа оригинал сорта получили из коллекции ВИР (К-31744). В результате определения типа созревания образцов по количеству междоузлий на стебле и построения вариационных кривых образцы П-103, П-106, П-107 отнесли к позднеспелому типу клевера лугового, что указало на их несоответствие оригиналу. Наиболее близкими по этому показателю к оригиналу оказались образцы П-101, П-102, П-104, П-105. По морфологическим признакам наибольшее сходство с оригиналом имели образцы П-101, П-102, П-103. Методом SDS-электрофореза белковых спектров выявили три позиции, по которым исследованные образцы неапробированных посевов (П-101, П-102, П-103) отличались от К-31744. Для восстановления сорта Псковский местный двуукосный в качестве исходного материала перспективно использование образцов П-101 и П-102 как наиболее схожих с оригиналом по срокам созревания и морфологии. Метод SDS-электрофореза позволяет контролировать селекционные образцы на идентичность сортам клевера лугового. This article reports on the experiment aimed at improving the performance of red clover “Pskovskiy mestnyy dvuukosnyy” to be cultivated in the North-West region of Russia. The variety was bred at the Pskov Agricultural Research Institute and has high productivity, productive longevity and resistance to environmental stresses. This variety is well-known among the farmers in the Pskov region. However poor seed production together with paper issues have negative impact on its wide cultivation. “Pskovskiy mestnyy dvuukosnyy” is a valuable material for plant breeding. In 2018–2020 the Pskov Agricultural Research Institute collected seven red clover specimens (P-101–P-107) from the regional farms. The collected seeds potentially belonged to the “Pskovskiy mestnyy dvuukosnyy” variety. The original variety was obtained from the Federal Research Center N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) as a control (K-31744). As a result, P-103, P-106, and P-107 were shown to be long-seasoned and therefore differed from the control. P-101, P-102, P-104, and P-105 were more similar to the control in their maturation rate. However, P-101, P-102, P-103 morphologically were closer to the original variety. SDS-PAGE showed that P-101, P-102, and P-103 differed from the control (K-31744). P-101 and P-102 were used as parent material to improve “Pskovskiy mestnyy dvuukosnyy” since they were more similar to the one.

Correct seeding of crops under various systems of basic tillage in the crop rotation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Vorontsov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Crop Cultivation ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Research Institute

Studies conducted at the Tambov Research Institute of Agricultural Research have found that the systems of basic tillage had a significant impact on the contamination of cultivated crops in crop rotations. The use of a permanent surface tillage system in technological complexes of crop cultivation increases the contamination of crops. The traditional multi-depth dump and combined (dump-free) systems of basic tillage in crop rotations are the most effective agrotechnical techniques in clearing fields of weeds.

scholarly journals THE GRAIN CROP YIELD IN DIFFERENT CROP ROTATION AND EFFICIENCY OF HERBICIDES AND FUNGICIDES TREATMENT

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Andris Lejiņš ◽  
Biruta Lejiņa
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Pesticide Treatment

Complex field experiments were carried out in Agricultural research institute in 1969. The field trials included five different crop rotation systems. In each 6-field rotation system the specific percentage of cereals (%) varied from 50 to 100%, perennial grass (clover+ timothy) - 16.7 to 33.3%. The highest winter rye yields were obtained from crop rotation systems with cereal proportion up to 66%. Including buckwheat in the crop rotation winter rye cultivation is highly productive in crop rotation systems with cereal proportion even up to 83%. Yield of winter rye in long-term monocultural sowings decreases even up to 0.74h-1. Winter ryetreatment with herbicide Grodil increases its yield up to 0.40 ha'1. Foreplants of barley according to their good influence on barley yield (descending): buckwheat, oats, winter lye. Barley yield in long-term monocultural sowings decreases for up to 1.17 t ha-1.Oats in crop rotation systems with cereal proportion up to 83% had very low yield amount alterations after different foreplants. Essential oat yield decreasement was noticed in perennial monocultural sowings. The best foreplants for spring wheat are buckwheat and lupine. The highest yield of buckwheat is get from monocultural sowings, but using potatoes as buckwheat foreplant gives essential yield decreasement. Distribution of perennial weeds, especially quickgrass, is 7,4 times more in crop rotation systems with high cereal proportion than in systems where also buckwheat and potatoes are cultivated. Treatment of herbicides and fungicides is more effective in monocultural sowings than in crop rotational systems, however increasement of crop yield after pesticide treatment is less remarkable than if we follow right crop rotation and choose optimal foreplants for each culture. Latest results from years 2002 to 2004 are shown in this article and are considered to be an addition to previous publications.

scholarly journals Basic vocabulary of the Karelian and Vepsian languages in the linguistic and geographical aspect

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-101
Author(s):  
I. P. Novak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Statistical Method ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dialect Classification ◽  
Basic Vocabulary ◽  
The Baltic

Introduction: Karelian and Vepsian vocabulary has been collected and studied by linguists from Russia and Finland for two centuries. An invaluable source for research in the dialectology of the North-East group of the Baltic-Finnish languages is the «Comparative and Onomasiological Dictionary of the Karelian, Vepsian and Sami Languages» (2007). The dictionary was prepared by staff of the Institute of Linguistics, Literature and History of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences using field research data from 1979–1981. The article reports the main results of applying the statistical method of cluster analysis to the dictionary entries. Objective: the analysis of the basic vocabulary of the dialects of the Karelian and Vepsian languages in the linguistic and geographical aspect using the statistical method of cluster analysis (dialectometry method). Research materials: pre-encoded for being uploaded to the clustering software database lexical data from the «Comparative and Onomasiological Dictionary of the Karelian, Vepsian and Sami Languages» (about 43 thousand units). Results and novelty of the research: the scientific novelty of the research is the application of the statistical method of cluster analysis to large volumes of pre-encoded lexical dialect material. The results of the calculation confirm the conclusions made by linguists earlier regarding the unity of the Vepsian and Karelian languages, as well as the presence of a clear border between them. The question of determination of the linguistic status of the Ludic dialects, which has been the subject of discussions among Russian and Finnish linguists for decades, is resolved in favor of the Karelian dialect on the basis of the material involved in the analysis. The boundaries between clusters outlined by the clustering program for the Vepsian language coincided with its dialect classification. On the Karelian part of the final map, the main bundle of isoglosses shifted north of the border between the dialects of the language, which indicates a more mobile character of its lexical level. The results presented in the article and the method of obtaining them will be later used to develop a linguistically grounded classification of Karelian language dialects.

Erosion-preventive crop rotations and water erosion rates on undulating slopes in Lithuania

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jankauskas ◽  
G. Jankauskiene ◽  
M. A. Fullen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Erosion Rates

A combination of perennial grass species and selected crop rotations can help prevent soil erosion in upland regions and minimize the risk of soil erosion and associated water pollution (to both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems). Research data were obtained on sandy loam Eutric Albeluvisols at the Kaltinenai Research Station of the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture on the undulating hilly topography of the Zemaiciai Uplands of Western Lithuania. The aim was to identify crops and crop rotations that would minimize soil erosion. Measured water erosion rates over 18 yr of field experiments were: 3.2–8.6 m3 ha-1 yr-1 under winter rye, 9.0–27.1 m3 ha-1 yr-1 under spring barley and 24.2–87.1 m3 ha-1 yr-1 under potatoes. Perennial grasses completely prevented water erosion, while the erosion-preventive grass-grain crop rotations (>50% grass) decreased soil losses on arable slopes of 2–5°, 5–10° and 10–14° by 75–80%. The grain-grass crop rotation (<50% grass) decreased rates by 23–24% compared to the field crop rotation. The main attributes of the proposed soil conservation systems were the careful selection of optimum erosion-preventive ecosystems (sod-forming perennial grasses or erosion-preventive crop rotations) with high erosion-resisting capabilities. These selected systems varied in response to slope gradient and thus assist erosion control and ecological stability of the undulating topography of Lithuania. These results may have wider applicability on the undulating landscapes of the temperate agricultural zone. Key words: Undulating upland topography, water erosion rates, erosion-preventive crop rotations, temperate climate

The Selective Memory of Weed Seedbanks after 18 Years of Conservation Tillage

Weed Science ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Légère ◽  
F. Craig Stevenson ◽  
Diane L. Benoit
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Seed Rain ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Emergence Patterns ◽  
Herbicide Use

A conservation tillage study provided the opportunity to test whether tillage effects on the germinable weed seedbank would be consistent across different crop rotations and to investigate the potential residual effects of herbicide treatments terminated 12 yr earlier. Our objective was to measure the effects of tillage (moldboard plow [MP] vs. chisel plow [CP] vs. no-till [NT]), crop rotation (2-yr barley–red clover followed by 4-yr barley–canola–wheat–soybean rotation, compared to a cereal monoculture), and of a prior weed management factor (three intensity levels of herbicide use) on the density, diversity, and community structure of weed seedbanks. Species richness, evenness (Shannon'sE), and diversity (Shannon'sH′) of spring seedbanks varied little across treatments and over time. Total seedbank density generally increased as tillage was reduced, with some variations due to weed management in 1993 and crop rotation in 2006. Crop rotations generally had smaller seedbanks with fewer species than the monoculture. In 1993, seedbanks with minimum weed management were twice as dense as those with intensive or moderate weed management (approximately 6,000 vs. 3,000 seed m−2). By 2006, seed density averaged 6,838 seed m−2across intensive and moderate weed management regardless of tillage, but was nearly twice as large in NT (12,188 seed m−2) compared to MP (4,770 seed m−2) and CP (7,117 seed m−2) with minimum weed management (LSD0.005= 4488). Species with abundant seedbanks responded differently to treatments. Barnyardgrass and green foxtail had larger seedbanks in the monoculture than in the rotation. Common lambsquarters and pigweed species had large seedbanks in tilled treatments in the rotation, whereas yellow foxtail and field pennycress contributed to the large seedbanks observed in NT treatments. The latter two species were also associated with residual effects of weed management treatments (terminated 12 yr earlier) in NT. The differential seedbank response of weed species, attributed in part to contrasting weed emergence patterns and agronomic practice effects on seed rain, explained some of the weak treatment effects observed for total seedbank density and diversity. The large weed seedbanks observed in NT plots after 18 yr confirms the importance of seed rain and seedbank management for the sustainability of NT systems.

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