Assessing the Effects of Development Aid in Post-Conflict Regions: Using Survey and Field Research Methods in the North East Afghanistan Longitudinal Study

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan R. Böhnke ◽  
Jan Koehler ◽  
Christoph Zürcher
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Post Conflict

scholarly journals Community health workers in India: Challenges and vulnerabilities of Accredited Social Health Activists working in conflict-affected settings in the state of Assam, India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preety R Rajbangshi ◽  
Devaki Nambiar ◽  
Aradhana Srivast
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Community Health Workers ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Social Health ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
East Region

Abstract Introduction:. It is well acknowledged that India’s Community Health workers known as Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) are the bedrock of its health system. Many ASHAs are currently working in fragile and conflict-affected settings. No efforts have yet been made to understand the challenges and vulnerabilities of these female workers. This paper seeks to address this gap by bringing attention to the situation of ASHAs working in the fragile and conflict settings and how conflict impacts them and their work.Methods: Qualitative fieldwork was undertaken in four conflict-affected villages in two post-conflict districts -Kokrajhar and Karbi Anglong of Assam state situated in the North-East region of India. Four ASHAs from the majority (Bodo or Karbi) and minority (Adivasi or Koch) communities serving roughly 4000 people were interviewed in their language of preference after administering written consent. Data transliterated into English were analysed by authors by developing a codebook using grounded theory and thematic organisation of codes. Results: ASHAs reported facing challenges in ensuring access to health services during and immediately after outbreaks of conflict. They experienced difficulty in arranging transport and breakdown of services at remote health facilities. Their physical safety and security were at risk during episodes of conflict. ASHAs reported hostile attitudes of the communities they served due to the breakdown of social relations, trauma due to displacement, and loss of family members, particularly their husbands. Conclusion: Conflict must be recognised as an important context within which community health workers operate, with greater policy focus and research devoted to understanding and addressing the barriers they face as workers and as persons affected by conflict.

scholarly journals Basic vocabulary of the Karelian and Vepsian languages in the linguistic and geographical aspect

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-101
Author(s):  
I. P. Novak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Statistical Method ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dialect Classification ◽  
Basic Vocabulary ◽  
The Baltic

Introduction: Karelian and Vepsian vocabulary has been collected and studied by linguists from Russia and Finland for two centuries. An invaluable source for research in the dialectology of the North-East group of the Baltic-Finnish languages is the «Comparative and Onomasiological Dictionary of the Karelian, Vepsian and Sami Languages» (2007). The dictionary was prepared by staff of the Institute of Linguistics, Literature and History of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences using field research data from 1979–1981. The article reports the main results of applying the statistical method of cluster analysis to the dictionary entries. Objective: the analysis of the basic vocabulary of the dialects of the Karelian and Vepsian languages in the linguistic and geographical aspect using the statistical method of cluster analysis (dialectometry method). Research materials: pre-encoded for being uploaded to the clustering software database lexical data from the «Comparative and Onomasiological Dictionary of the Karelian, Vepsian and Sami Languages» (about 43 thousand units). Results and novelty of the research: the scientific novelty of the research is the application of the statistical method of cluster analysis to large volumes of pre-encoded lexical dialect material. The results of the calculation confirm the conclusions made by linguists earlier regarding the unity of the Vepsian and Karelian languages, as well as the presence of a clear border between them. The question of determination of the linguistic status of the Ludic dialects, which has been the subject of discussions among Russian and Finnish linguists for decades, is resolved in favor of the Karelian dialect on the basis of the material involved in the analysis. The boundaries between clusters outlined by the clustering program for the Vepsian language coincided with its dialect classification. On the Karelian part of the final map, the main bundle of isoglosses shifted north of the border between the dialects of the language, which indicates a more mobile character of its lexical level. The results presented in the article and the method of obtaining them will be later used to develop a linguistically grounded classification of Karelian language dialects.

scholarly journals Botanical composition dynamics in fodder agrophytocenoses based on legume-cereal herbs

2021 ◽  
Vol 2(26) ◽  
pp. 178-190
Author(s):  
A.K. Svechnikov ◽  
◽  
L.M. Kozlova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Resistant Species

Various ecological and biological factors, including the composition of grass mixtures in crop rotation, affect the state of agrophytocenosis. The purpose of the research was to reveal the regularities of changes in the botanical composition of crops in forage agrophytocenoses depending on the duration of perennial legume-cereal grasses cultivation. The experiment was conducted according to B. A. Dospekhov’s “Methods of field research” on the experimental field of the Mari Research Institute of Agriculture, a branch of the FSBSI “Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East” in 2013–2018. In a two-factor field experiment, we studied the botanical composition dynamics in three six-field grain-grass crop rotations and goat-rump grass mixture (Factor A) with and without nitrogen fertilizing against the background of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers (Factor B). Soil of the experimental plots – sod-podzolic mid loamy. The meteorological conditions of the growing seasons were often unfavorable; therefore, the crops were strongly suppressed. The most drought-resistant species (sunflower, winter rye, alfalfa and barley with a mass fraction of 55 %, 97 %, 20 % and 96 %, respectively) had an advantage over weeds in grass mixtures by weight in the spring-summer period during the third rotation of the studied crop rotations. Plants of red clover and white mustard in the catch crop were strongly suppressed by drought. The clover-alfalfa-timothy grass mixture was replaced by forbs from 36 % in mass in the first year of use with a step of 23 % in subsequent years. After the 15-year usage, the second component in the grass mixture monocrop (Galega orientalis Lam. + Bromus inermis Leyss) completely dropped out. Non-sown grasses faster replaced the crop components of the herbage on the fields without nitrogen fertilizing. Thus, the crop rotation fields with the richly diverse crops composition and the nitrogen application were infested with fewer weeds (4.0–10.6 % by mass).

scholarly journals The Implementation of Child Livelihood Payment after Divorce Occurs in the Perspective of the Shafi` School of Fiqh and Positive Law (Post-Court Judgment Analysis Study in North Sumatra)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1098-1107
Author(s):  
Asmuni Asmuni ◽  
Pagar Hasibuan ◽  
Ahmad Zuhri Rangkuti
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Child Support ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Related Data ◽  
The North ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
North Sumatra

As many as 80% of the judges' verdicts at the North Sumatra Religious Court (PA Sumut) were ignored by their former husbands, excluding education and health costs. This study aims: (1) to find out how to pay for children's livelihoods after divorce, from the perspective of the Syāfi`ī school of jurisprudence, (2) to find out how to pay for child support after divorce, with a positive legal perspective (3) to find out how to determine children's livelihoods after divorce from the perspective of the fiqh school of thought Shafi`ī PA North Sumatra. This research uses field research methods by collecting primary data with direct interview respondents, direct observation in North Sumatra PA, collecting closely related data and information, supported by library research methods. This type of research is field research. This research approach is sociological juridical. The nature of the research is descriptive-analysis. The data sources were obtained from primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. Data collection methods by means of interviews and documentation. Research conclusions: (1) how to pay for child support after divorce from the perspective of the Syāfi`ī school of jurisprudence, namely a) asking or taking the method directly according to the local urf, b) giving it directly by the ex-husband or through a representative according to the local urf, c) filing a lawsuit. (2) The method of paying for children's livelihoods after divorce from a positive legal perspective, namely: a), handing over directly to the mother, b) the Court's decision due to divorce or sue (3) The way North Sumatra PA determines children's livelihoods after divorce, namely through: a) the child's mother, b) a verdict, c) filing a lawsuit.

scholarly journals Perspectives of the development of complex interdisciplinary hydrological and geocryological research in the North-East of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga M. Makarieva ◽  
◽  
Nataliia V. Nesterova ◽  
Andrey A. Ostashov ◽  
Anastasia A. Zemlyanskova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
River Runoff ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Field Research ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
North East ◽  
The North

Climate warming and anthropogenic impact causes transformation of geocryological conditions in the river basins of the North-East of Russia. Changes in the thickness of the active layer, configuration of taliks, types of landscapes and other factors lead to transformation of water exchange processes between surface and groundwater runoff. This is manifested in the seasonal redistribution of the components of the water balance, accelerated melting of aufeis, change in the ratio of waters of different genesis in the structure of river runoff. As a result, natural and anthropogenic risks that affect the safe and efficient development of infrastructure and socio-economic processes are increasing. At the same time the system of observations developed in the Soviet period has been practically destroyed in the region. This paper offers a vision of organizing complex multidisciplinary research to assess and project the changes in the conditions of underground and surface water interaction in natural and disturbed river basins of the cryolithozone of the North-East of Russia, including for solving applied problems, based on permafrost, hydrology, hydrogeology, landscape science and geophysics with applications of remote sensing and field research integrated through mathematical modeling methods. To achieve the goal, the identification of natural and disturbed landscapes using remote sensing data, and key areas for detailed research will be selected. Geophysical and drilling works will be carried out within the sites to establish permafrost-hydrogeological conditions, monitoring stations will be equipped to determine hydrogeological, hydrometeorological and geocryological characteristics, including sampling for isotopic and hydrogeochemical studies. As the main key sites, it is proposed to use the area of ​​the Kolyma water-balance station and the site on Anmangynda aufeis, for which there are long-term observation series in the 20th century. Field data will become the basis for improving the mathematical model of runoff formation, considering the relationship between groundwater and river runoff in the conditions of permafrost. Mathematical modeling will make it possible to quantitatively analyze the water balance of rivers considering various factors and project water availability both for specific industrial facilities and for the region as a whole.

scholarly journals RESPON MASYARAKAT TERHADAP JAMAAH TABLIGH: STUDI KASUS VILLAGE JAMIATUN ULAMA, LAM ILIE TEUNGOH, ACEH BESAR

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Nurlaila Nurlaila ◽  
Nofal Liata
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Village Community ◽  
The North ◽  
The People

Jamaah tabligh is an organization that was originally pioneered by Maulana Muhammad Ilyas, an 'alim who lives in the north of the Indian capital, New Delhi. In Indonesia, the tabligh congregation began to enter estimated in 1952. The tabligh congregation has genuine motivation, is passionate and has high dedication and sincerity in carrying out Islamic da'wah in society. Tablighi congregations are able to set a good example and even earnestly practice the Sunnah of the Prophet Saw in their daily life. The people of Jamiatul Ulama Village, Indrapuri District, Aceh Besar District have different views on the existence of the tabligh congregation. This study aims to determine how the views of the people of Jamiatul Ulama Village towards the tabligh congregation and the influence of the teachings of the tabligh congregation on the morals of the Jamiatul Ulama Village community. In this study the authors used field research methods (field research) with a qualitative approach that collected data through observation, interviews, documentation. The results showed that the view of the community towards the tabligh congregation was different, there were those who accepted it actively, passively and there were those who did not accept it. The reason they accept it is because of its excellent preaching, morals, and the growing presence of the tabligh congregation in the mosque. The reason for those who do not accept it is because the community views the tabligh congregation as new teachings, lazy to work. With the existence of the community's morality tabligh congregation, a lot has changed, the community is increasingly fond of performing acts of worship, congregational prayers are increasingly living in mosques, and an increasing number of congregations at mosques. However, social activities between the tabligh congregation and the community in Jamiatul Ulama Village are less well-connected.

scholarly journals Dancing Butterflies of the East Himalayas

2017 ◽  
pp. 69-96
Author(s):  
Toshio Yoshida ◽  
Rinchen Yangzom ◽  
David Long
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Arunachal Pradesh ◽  
Botanical Exploration ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Eastern Tibet ◽  
Rich Flora ◽  
A New Species ◽  
India And China

The region from eastern Bhutan to Arunachal Pradesh of India and the adjacent south-eastern Tibet and northern Myanmar seems to be one of the last frontiers not only for Meconopsis hunting but also for other botanical exploration. Although there remain political difficulties for foreigners to approach the unsettled border between India and China, including the famous Tsari valley with its prominently rich flora, which was visited by Frank Ludlow, George Sherriff, Frank Kingdon-Ward and a few other plant hunters before 1950, some botanical and horticultural treasures in this region have gradually been revealed to recent travellers. As a result of examining the photographs taken by these travellers and our own botanical field research in eastern Bhutan in 2014, accompaniedby subsequent herbarium studies, two species new to science are described. The first, from eastern Bhutan and adjacent Arunachal Pradesh and Tibet, has long been cultivated under the names M. grandis or M. grandis GS600, and has recently been described as M. grandis subsp. orientalis (Grey-Wilson, 2010). It is the national flower of Bhutan. However, the type of M. grandis from Sikkim belongs to a species quite distinct from the eastern populations and the latter is now described as a new species, Meconopsis gakyidiana. The second novelty, Meconopsis merakensis,is newly described from eastern Bhutan and adjacent Arunachal Pradesh. In the past this species was confused with the closely allied M. prainiana. The two species are isolated geographically, M.prainiana being found only much further to the north-east, in south-eastern Tibet, including theTsari valley. The title of this article is based on a comparison made by Frank Kingdon-Ward of Meconopsis flowers with butterflies in Tibet (see below).

Viktor Gavrilyuk (1928–2005) and his role in the study of Chukotka

2018 ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
O. V. Svystun ◽  
G. A. Chorna ◽  
T. V. Mamchur ◽  
M. I. Parubok
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Young Scientist ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Assistant Professor ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Far North ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Field Works ◽  
Post War

Viktor Antonovich Gavrilyuk (21.01.1928–26.11.2005) was a specialist in biology of plants of the Far North, by the will of the fate, devoted the most of his life to teaching activities. Saved personal diaries show how forming of an extraordinary personality occurred, overcoming the difficulties of life and study in the difficult war and post-war years, in Shadrinsk Agricultural Technical School, Kurgan Agricultural Institute at first, and then at Uman Agricultural Institute. The teachers of V. A. were competent people, devoted to their work: Vera Platonovna Kushnirenko, Nikolai Mikhailovich Voskresensky, Valentin Fedo­rovich Nikolaev, Simon Samoylovich Rubin and many other specialists who managed to inspire the young man with the sciences about nature. Entering post graduate school of the Komarov Botanical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (BIN) led a young talented researcher to Chukotka, where he conducted stationary field works in 1956–1958 under the guidance by Boris Anatolyevich Tikhomirov, the Professor. V. A. Gavrilyuk studied the flora of the environs of Providence Bay, Chaplinskie hot springs, islands of Arakamchechen, Mechigmen Bay, Senyavin Strait, Senyavin and Lorino hot springs. Scrupulous field research in harsh conditions of the north-east of the Chukotka Peninsula, laboratory processing of extensive personal herbarium collections (used subsequently for the fundamental edition «Arctic flora of the USSR» allowed V. A. Gavrilyuk to defend successfully his dissertation for the degree of the Candidate of Biological Sciences in 1962 (Gavrilyuk,1962). V. A., being one of the stuff of the Laboratory of Vegetation of the Far North (BIN), took part in botanical researches of the Koryak highland not far from the villages of Kultushnoye and Tilichiki, as well as in the Korfa Bay in the Koryaksky National District of Kamchatka territory in 1960. In 1961, he conducted phenological and eco-biomorphological studies at the Biological Station “Sivaya Maska” and visited the Rayiz mountain in the Polar Ural. Besides the observation kept in field diaries and herbarium, V. A. left watercolour pictures depicting amazing plants, some of which, made on Ladoga station of Leningrad State University, have been saved (Chorna et al., 2017, 2018). After moving to Uman, more than forty years V. A. worked at first as a teacher and as an Assistant Professor and at last as the Head of the Department of Botany of Uman Agricultural Institute. He took over the leadership of the collection botanical nursery from his former teacher V. F. Nikolaev. Plans of the botanical nursery of 1964–1982, lists of seeds prepared for exchange (Index seminum) (Gavrilyuk, Romanshchak, 1978) indicated about a rich collection. In fact, the floristical nursery was a regional botanical garden cooperated with Moscow, Leningrad, Tallinn, Tartus, Nikitsky, Yerevan botanical gardens, he sent plant seeds to amateur growers. Working in Uman city, V. A. continued extensive correspondence beginning in the Leningrad period. There were letters and cards of famous scientists addressed to him: Viktor Viktorovich Mazing, Alf Erling Porsild (Porsild, 1957), Doris Benta Maria and Askell Löve, Lawrence and Gweneth Bliss, Nora Korli. V. A. published, by modern standards, not so many works, but they continue to be cited after a half of century. The fact that Chukotka is floristically one of the most studied region of the world is also a part of his activity. Published diaries of the young scientist can serve as a test for the applicability of beginning researchers of the nature: are they ready for the kind of devotion that was characteristic for V. A. Gavrilyuk.

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