scholarly journals YIELD AND QUALITY OF WINTER WHEAT GRAIN UNDER NON-MOLDBOARD SOIL TILLAGE DEPENDING ON DOSES OF MINERAL FERTILIZERSIN THE CROP ROTATIONS OF THE CENTRAL CHERNOZEM REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (27) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
V.A. Lukyanov ◽  
◽  
L.B. Nitchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Row Crop ◽  
Wheat Cultivation

In modern agriculture, resource-saving technologies for cultivating grain crops and their optimization are becoming more and more relevant. The use of scientifically-based crop rotations, tillage methods and doses of mineral fertilizers allow increasing economic efficiency of winter wheat cultivation. The purpose of the research was to assess the yield and quality of winter wheat grain depending on different doses of mineral fertilizers under non-moldboard soil tillage in the crop rotations of the Central Chernozem Region. The research was carried out in 2012-2020 in a stationary multifactorial field experiment in Federal Agricultural Kursk Research Center. The experimental design included the following options: Factor A – crop rotations (grain-fallow-row, grain-grass-row, grain-grass); Factor B – mineral fertilizers (without fertilizers, N20P40K40, N40P80K80 kg ha-1). The soil of the experimental site is represented by typical, medium-loamy chernozem. The paper shows that the yield of winter wheat grain in the context of non-moldboard soil tillage was higher in the grain-fallow-row crop rotation and amounted to 3.34 t ha-1. In the grain-grass-row and grain-grass crop rotations, yield decreased by 6.6 % and 10.2 %, respectively. The maximum grain yield (3.98 t/ha-1) was obtained in grain-fallow-row crop rotation with N40P80K80. An increase in fertilizers doses led to protein and gluten content increment from 12.6 to 13.3 % and from 22.8 to 25.6 %, respectively; however, the differences in crop rotations were within the limits of experimental error. The grain nature varied according to the studied factors from 708 to 735 g/l-1 and was higher in the grain-fallow-row crop rotation with a dose of mineral fertilizers N40P80K80. Despite more significant net income after increased fertilizers dose (N40P80K80), the increase in the winter wheat grain yield did not allow obtaining a higher level of profitability compared to N20P40K40. Winter wheat cultivation in grain-grass-row crop rotation with N20P40K40 was the most cost-effective. In this variant, the cost of grain was the lowest (4.92 thousand rubles t-1); the profitability, on the contrary, was the highest (103.4 %).

scholarly journals Influence of microbial preparations and mineral fertilizers on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Chaikovskaya ◽  
◽  
V.V. Klyuchenko ◽  
M.I. Baranskaya ◽  
O.L. Ovsienko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Biological Farming

The use of biological products based on effective strains of microorganisms with a range of useful properties is one of the aspects of biological farming. The long-term field experiments were conducted in the soil and climatic conditions of the Crimea. А positive effect of the combined use of mineral fertilizers (NPK calculated at P30) and pre-sown inoculation of seeds (biopreparation based on L. nimipressuralis CCM 32-3) on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain was shown. The increase in grain productivity of winter wheat by 31 % compared to control (on average for 3 years) and grain quality indicators: protein and gluten – up to 12.5% and 28.0 % (in the control 9.9% and 19.2%, respectively) was revealed.

scholarly journals Reserves for the Increase of Yield and Quality of Winter Wheat Grain and Their Dependence on the Heterogeneity of Crops in the Conditions of the Steppe Zone of the Orenburg Urals, Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Gulyanov ◽  
A. A. Chibilyov ◽  
A. A. Chibilyov Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Yield And Quality

Aim. Verification of scientific concepts regarding the spatial heterogeneity of field agrocenoses. Identification of the variability of phytometric and structural crop ndicators and determination of the degree of their influence on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain in the steppe zone of the Orenburg Urals.Material and Methods. Establishment of field experiments, related observations and counts in accordance with the methodology of state variety crops testing and B.A.Dospekhov's guidelin. Monitoring of winter wheat crops was carried by measuring the vegetation index (NDVI) with a Green Seeker Handheld Crop Sensor, Model HCS‐100 (Trimble, USA). Determination of grain quality indicators was conducted according to GOST 9353‐2016 Wheat – Technical Conditions. Microsoft Office Excel was employed for the correlation and regression analysis of experimental data. Results. Analysis of the intra‐field heterogeneity of winter wheat agrocenoses in terms of yield and grain quality was conducted. The dependences of yield and grain quality on the principal crop phytometric and structural parameters were defined and expressed in the form of regression equations.Сonclusion. The results of the studies attest to the growth of reserves of grain yield to 3.0 t/ha and grain quality to class I‐II class in zonal climatic conditions of optimization of environmental factors to the level of the best basic plots by levelling out field soil heterogeneity. This is possible by restoring the fertility of anthropogenically‐degraded soil through the introduction of landscape‐adaptive and resource saving farming systems, soil protective and soil restorative crop rotation, differentiated application of organic and mineral fertilizers and selection of the most adaptive varieties. We also advise the introduction of intelligent ‘digital technologies’ aimed at fuller implementation of the genetic potential of cultivated varieties with careful consideration of natural resources and the preservation of biological diversity.

scholarly journals YIELD AND QUALITY OF WINTER WHEAT GRAIN ON THE BACKGROUND OF FERTILIZERS AND DIRECT SOWING ON ORDINARY CHERNOZEM UNDER STAVROPOL CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (24) ◽  
pp. 183-194
Author(s):  
N.N. Shapovalova ◽  
◽  
A.A. Voropaeva ◽  
N.A. Galushko ◽  
E.A. Menkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Preceding Crop ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
No Till ◽  
Direct Sowing

The problem of reducing crop yields during the transition from classical technology of cultivation to the technology without tillage (no-till) can be solved by the most effective use of fertilizers. The purpose of the research was to study the influence of mineral fertilizers on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain under direct sowing in the Stavropol Territory. Studies were carried out in 2015-2019 on the experimental field of the North Caucasus Federal Agricultural Research Centre. Winter wheat was sown using two cultivation techniques for growing crops with and without disturbing the soil through tillage. Preceding crops – pea and sunflower. Fertilizers were added to the rows simultaneously with the Triticum vulgare L. sowing; topsoil dressing was carried out using N52 according to the method of splitting dividers. Options (amount of fertilizers added to the rows): 1. Without fertilizers; 2. N6Р26; 3. N12Р52; 4. N24Р104; 5. N52Р52; 6. N52Р52К52; 7. N52; 8. N104Р52К52. In the third year of direct sowing (2017–2019), winter wheat showed high responsiveness to the addition of all doses of fertilizers in rows. The yield increase in case of pea being preceding crop varied between 0.76-3.06 t/ha; sunflower – 0.51–2.75 t/ha. N104P52K5 contributed to the highest and most stable yield – 6.89 t/ha and 5.92 t/ha after pea and sunflower, respectively. The increase from 1 kg of the active substance of the fertilizer was 14.7 and 13.2 kg of grain. The use of this dose of fertilizer minimized crop losses compared to the first year of wheat cultivation using no-till farming and classical agricultural technique. At the same time, the 3rd and 4th class grain was formed. Higher content of raw gluten compared to other doses of fertilizers was noted likewise: 1.6–9.8 % (preceding crop – pea) and 1.1–11.5 % (preceding crop – sunflower) more. Nitrogen fertilization played a significant role in increasing yields only after sunflower (the average increase was 0.21–0.86 t/ha).

scholarly journals Influence of predecessors, mineral fertilizers and sowing methods on yield and quality of winter wheat grain in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-244
Author(s):  
A. V. Cherenkov ◽  
◽  
I. I. Gasanova ◽  
I. V. Kostyrya ◽  
M. A. Ostapenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Yield And Quality

scholarly journals Efficiency of soil basic tillage and mineral fertilization at growing of soybean on irrigation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Maliarchuk ◽  
◽  
А. Мaliarchuk ◽  
D Bulyhin ◽  
L. Mishukova
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Row Crop ◽  
Post Harvesting ◽  
Experimental Researches

In the article the brought results over of experimental researches of influence of different methods and depth of soil basic tillage and doses of mineral fertilization on agrophysical properties and productivity of soybean. A purpose of researches is establishment of the most effective methods of soil basic tillage and doses of application of mineral fertilizers at growing of soybean in row croprotation on the irrigation of south of Ukraine and their influence on a height and development of plants, forming of harvest and quality of seed. During an experiment used the field, in-gravimetric, visual, laboratory, calculation-comparative, mathematically-statistical methods with the use of confessedly methods and methodical recommendations. For determination of efficiency of action of soil basic tillage and doses of fertilizers on the productivity of soybean five variants of methods of basic tillage were stopped up and three variants of fertilizer systems: organic and two organo-mineral with doses bringing of mineral fertilizers - N30P60, N60P60 on a background of post harvesting bits and pieces of cultures of crop rotation and optimal mode of irrigation. Results. The changes of agrophysical properties happened under act of the systems of soil basic tillage, nourishing mode, that stipulated creation of different terms for a height and development of culture and forming of harvest. The productivity of seed of soybean at plowing on a 25-27 cm averaged for five years on a background the dose of fertilizers of N60P60 of 4,22 t/ha. At the combined tillage which united disk loosening on a 14-16 cm with slotting on a depth a 38-40 cm, 4,12 t/ha of seed of soybean is got in the system of differentiated-1 soil tillage. On the average on a factor B (system of fertilizer), the productivity of seed of soybean at organic system of fertilize made 2,38 t/ha. Bringing of dose N30P60 assisted the height of harvest on 0,84 t/ha, and N60P60 on 1,39 t/ha, or on 35,2 and 58,4% accordingly. Conclusion. In the short row crop rotation on the irrigated lands of south of Ukraine the most favorable terms for a height, development and forming of harvest of soybean on dark-chestnut soils are created in the systems of plowing basic soil tillage with the turn of layer or differentiated- 1 tillage with the deep loosening under soybean or shallow on a background slotting on a depth a 38-40 cm under a previous culture.

scholarly journals The influence of environment forming factors on the productivity of winter wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 207 (04) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Valeriy Burluckiy ◽  
Polina Semeshkina ◽  
Vladimir Mazurov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
First Year ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Close Relationship

Abstract. The goal is to study the influence of the predecessor and fertilizers on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain. Methods. The studies were carried out in a long-term stationary field experiment on a gray forest medium loamy soil. Field experience, observations, accounting and generalization of research results were carried out in accordance with the methodological recommendations of B.A. Dospekhov. Statistical processing of the research results was performed using Microsoft Excel 2007 with a 95 % significance level of the results. Results. As a result of the studies, it was noted that the studied predecessors had an insignificant effect on the development of winter wheat plants in the initial phases of growth. The density of winter wheat plants during the germination period varied within the range of 314–323 psc/m2 without the use of fertilizers and 317–328 psc/m2 against the background of their application. Further growth and development of plants took place in close relationship with the studied factors. At the end of the growing season, the number of productive stems was higher on the plots, where the clover of the first year of use was used as a predecessor, both in the control (without fertilizers) and when applying mineral fertilizers. Accordingly, the yield of winter wheat grain was higher for this predecessor, averaging 35.7 c/ha for 2014–2019. Without fertilization, depending on the predecessor, 25.2–32.8 c/ha were obtained, against the background of fertilization – 34.2–39.6 c/ha of winter wheat grain. On average, over the years of research, winter wheat grain contained 10.7–14.0 % protein. Depending on the year, this indicator varied from 8.8 % to 16.8 %. At the same time, the lowest values for the protein content were obtained for the variants without the use of fertilizers. In general, the content of protein and gluten in winter wheat grain largely depended on the application of mineral fertilizers and to a small extent on the predecessor. The weight of 1000 grains, depending on these factors, changed insignificantly.

scholarly journals Quality of winter wheat grain with different systems of main tillage in crop rotations of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. D. Orekhivskyi ◽  
◽  
A. I. Kryvenko ◽  
S. V. Pochkolina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Quality Class ◽  
Gluten Content

The article investigates the influence of the application of different systems of basic tillage on the quality of winter wheat grain in short crop rotations of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. It is established that the grain quality of winter wheat in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine is mainly determined by the genetic characteristics of the variety, but also largely depends on the conditions and technologies of cultivation. In winter wheat grain, which is used for food purposes, reserve proteins are important, which in winter wheat determine the baking properties of flour. In drought conditions, when the yield of winter wheat decreases, the protein content in its grain tends to increase. In wet years, on the contrary, there is a reverse pattern. According to experimental studies, wheat varieties have a negative correlation between grain protein content and yield. It is established that during 2016–2020 research shows almost the same pattern of action of different predecessors and systems of basic tillage on the formation of grain quality of winter wheat in arid conditions. It was found that, on average, according to all variants of research, only with the use of the system of tillage-free tillage received grain of winter wheat with a protein content of 12,5%, which met the requirements of the 2nd class. It is recorded that on average over five years of research on all tillage systems, grain of winter wheat with gluten content was obtained, the quality of which corresponded to the 3rd class. Different tillage systems caused a slight impact on the gluten content, which ranged from 20,6% to 21,1%. It is determined that the precursors have a certain effect on the protein content in the grain of winter wheat. The analysis of qualitative indicators showed that on average in five years of research, when growing winter wheat after a pair of black and a pair of green wheat with winter vetch, grain was formed, which in terms of protein content corresponded to the 2nd quality class. More protein was accumulated in winter wheat grain after a pair of black, which was 12,9%. After peas for grain, as well as a pair of green with a mixture of white mustard and peas, received a grain of winter wheat, which was the 3rd quality class. It was found that on average in five years of research, all variants of winter wheat were grown with gluten content, which met the requirements of the 3rd class. Black vapor and green vapor with winter veneer caused the accumulation of gluten at almost the same level with a small increase in the version with winter vetch up to 21,8%. The lowest level of gluten was obtained in the grain of winter wheat after peas per grain, which was 19,7%. In all variants of the experiment, sidereal steam with winter tillage and the use of tillage-free tillage had the best effect on the growth of winter wheat grain quality indicators. The grain of winter wheat was mainly formed in terms of quality, which allows it to be used for food purposes – mainly in the flour-milling and baking industries, as well as for export. It is established that it is important to further study the quality of winter wheat grain and other cereals in short crop rotations of the arid Southern Steppe of Ukraine, especially in climate change.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of winter wheat cultivation in adaptive crop rotation on chernozem typical

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Ivan Prushchik ◽  
Svetlana Khlupina
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Wheat Cultivation

The paper presents the results of research to assess the efficiency of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivation in adaptive crop rotations on typical chernozem. The crop yield have analyzed for three different crop rotations (grain-fallow, grain-grass-row, and grain-grass) in comparison with a monoculture on a stationary multifactorial field experiment on physical modeling of the farming system of the FSBSI “Kursk FARC” (Kursk region, Medvensky district). It was determined that the maximum yield was obtained in grain-and-row crop rotation; on average, over three years of research, the increase in it was 1.71 t/ha. Statistical data processing has carried out and correlations between the weather conditions of the year and the yield of winter wheat has revealed. Thus, a moderate direct relationship (r = 0.65) was established with atmospheric precipitation, and a moderate inverse relationship with the sum of effective temperatures (r = 0.58). Indicators of economic efficiency of winter wheat cultivation have calculated, both for monoculture and for three types of crop rotations. The lowest cost of winter wheat grain – 5926.94 t/ha – was recorded in grain-fallow crop rotation, which provided the highest net income of 12056.26 and the highest profitability among all options – 68.72%.

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