scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF THE PLANNING STRUCTURE OF ANCIENT CITIES OF MOROCCO ON THE EXAMPLE OF MARRAKESH

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Р. Бурагба ◽  
Rabii Buragba ◽  
М.В. Перькова ◽  
M.V. Perkova
Keyword(s):  
Population Analysis ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Islamic Period ◽  
History Of Construction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stone Walls ◽  
The City ◽  
Further Development

The article traces the process of forming the planning structure of the historical core in the general structure of Moroccan cities. The sequence of development the Medina of Marrakech, the main ele-ments of its planning structure and development by periods is revealed. This study examines the Islamic period with the alternation of ruling dynasties. The general features of the planning of Morocco cities and characteristics of the planning structure of Marrakesh are reflected. There are five identified stages in the development of functional-planning structure of Marrakech, each is characterized by change and addition of the planning structure elements, the increase in perimeter buildings of the Medina, with the inclusion of new elements. The history of construction and transformation of key monuments of architectural heritage and their impact on the general structure of the Medina is considered. The development of the territory and construction of residential areas along the perimeter of the existing Medina led to the emergence of a new contour of the enclosing wall with trade and craft sectors. This is typical for the second and the third period. Further development of the city takes place in the fourth and fifth period through the construction of residential areas outside the Medina (stone walls) and the resettlement of new population. Analysis of the Medina of Marrakesh development allows to reveal its architectural and planning structure, relating it to the type of formation of medieval cities. The considered data can assist to predict the further direction of development the planning structure of the Medina and to prevent its loss and "dissolution" in the city.

scholarly journals Urban Transformations of Kharkiv’s Large Housing Estates •

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hlib Antypenko ◽  
Nadiia Antonenko ◽  
Katherine Didenko
Keyword(s):  
Radical Change ◽  
Urban Housing ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
History Of Construction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Urban Transformations ◽  
Large Housing Estates ◽  
The City ◽  
Housing Estates

Kharkiv is the second largest city of Ukraine with a unique history of urban housing development. In the 20th century it became a field of large housing construction. More than 10 large housing estates were constructed in the period between the second half of 1950s–late 1980s following the Soviet method of prefabricated construction, which was introduced into urban planning in connection with the radical change of all architectural and construction activities in the USSR. This paper explores factors of post-socialist urban development (after the change of political regime in Ukraine in 1991) of the case study large housing areas. For the purpose of the study, two Kharkiv large housing areas were selected – Novi Budynky and Pavlovo Pole, which were designed and built in the same period (late 1950s) and were the first residential areas of Kharkiv built according to the new planning principles of Soviet prefabricated construction. Pavlovo Pole is a large housing estate located not far from the historic center regarded as a good quality housing area, intended for the Soviet “intelligentsia” while Novi Budynky is often a stigmatized area constructed mainly for the factory workers. Key research questions are: description of the history of construction and development of Pavlovo Pole and Novi Budynky large housing estates; comparison of the specific features of their design and construction; to determine how these large housing estates are connected with the rest of the city spatially and in terms of socio-cultural aspect, in particular with the city center; to identify the reasons and content of key urban transformations in the large housing areas, such as: demolition of houses and new construction, reduction of the area of public recreational function, appropriation of deserted areas, etc. Harkov Ukrajna második legnagyobb városa, amely egyedülálló történettel rendelkezik a városi lakásfejlesztés területén. A 20. században nagy lakásépítkezések zajlottak: az 1950-es évek második fele és az 1980-as évek vége közötti időszakban több mint 10 nagy lakótelep épült Harkovban az előregyártott építés szovjet módszerét követve, amelyet a Szovjetunióban az összes építészeti és építési tevékenység radikális változásával összefüggésben vezettek be a várostervezésbe. Ez a tanulmány az 1991-es ukrajnai rendszerváltás utáni posztszocialista városfejlesztés tényezőit vizsgálja két harkovi nagy lakótelepen. Novi Budynky és a Pavlovo Pole, a város első nagy lakótelepei, melyeket az 1950-es évek végén terveztek és építettek a szovjet előregyártott építés új tervezési elveinek megfelelően. Pavlovo Pole a történelmi központhoz közeli, ma is jó minő-ségű lakóterületnek tekinthető, amit a szovjet „értelmiségnek” szántak, míg Novi Budynky gyakran stigma-tizált városrész, amelyet elsősorban a gyári munkásoknak építettek. A legfontosabb kutatási kérdések a következők: Pavlovo Pole és Novi Budynky nagy lakótelepei építésének és fejlődésének története; tervezésük és kivitelezésük sajátosságainak összehasonlítása; annak meghatározása, hogy ezek a nagy lakótelepek hogyan kapcsolódnak a város többi részéhez, különösen a városközponthoz térben és társadalmi-kulturális szempontból; a nagy lakóövezetekben zajló, kulcsfontosságú városi átalakulások okainak és tartalmának azonosítása, mint például: házak bontása és új építés, a nyilvános rekreációs területek csökkentése, elhagyatott területek kisajátítása stb.

scholarly journals International Photography Networks and Walter Hahn’s Museum for Photography, Dresden

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-168
Author(s):  
Sarah Goodrum
Keyword(s):  
International Community ◽  
History Of Photography ◽  
Photographic Images ◽  
Museum Professionals ◽  
History Of ◽  
East German ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The City ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Photographic Culture

The Museum für Photographie, founded, developed and directed by Dr. Walter Hahn for only twelve years in the city of Dresden, has only recently emerged in scholarship on East German photographic culture. Although the museum definitely enjoyed a relationship with the East German cultural authorities within the Cultural League, or Kulturbund, it does not sit easily in the historiographical category of ‘official’ photography in the GDR. Hahn’s version of the history of photography was challenging to the socialist establishment, which hampered the further development of the museum and did not preserve the project after Hahn’s death. Hahn’s ambitions to expand his museum and gain membership in an international community of collectors and museum professionals drove him to contact a tremendous number of figures throughout the world and led to many fruitful exchanges on questions of the history of photography and the state of collections internationally. This article will address the degree to which Hahn’s networking through publications and correspondence and attempts at cultural diplomacy tied him more closely to the international community of photography collectors and photography museums – particularly in the West – than his Cultural League colleagues could ultimately sanction. It argues that Hahn and his museum represent a historical and historiographical anomaly that complicates the accepted narratives of East Germany history. Hahn’s interactions within the international museum community represent a significant instance of the international circuit of photographic images and literature during the Cold War.

From ancient times to the present: development of the drinking water supply system of Şanliurfa in south-eastern Turkey

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 646-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasım Yenigün ◽  
A. Cihat Kürkçüoğlu ◽  
Mustafa S. Yazgan ◽  
Reşit Gerger ◽  
Uğur Ülgen
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Structure ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
Islamic Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Drinking Water Supply System ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Storage Structures ◽  
The City ◽  
And Storage

In this paper, water supply, distribution and storage structures in Şanlıurfa city that were built since the ancient times are investigated and technological details of some water supply structures are given. The city is one of the oldest cities and has hosted many civilizations throughout the centuries, beginning from 11500 BC. The acquired archaeological heritage shows that the city had important water supply practices. Many water structures, which can be categorized as the structures of the pre-Islamic Period (Roman Period) and post-Islamic Period (Ottoman Period), were constructed in the city. Charity structures and cisterns, Turkish baths, aqueducts and dams, water balance facilities, maksems, bridges, wells, fountains and karliks are among these structures. Roman influence is observed in the water architecture of the Ottoman Empire. The influence is best observed in the hayrats of the city, built in the pre-Islamic and post-Islamic Period. During the history of the city, the settled communities have destroyed many of the cultural structures of previous civilizations; however they have protected and developed water structure systems. This situation has meant that water structures have lasted to the present and it is interesting to note that most of these systems are still in use.

On the Origins of Pop Rai

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-34
Author(s):  
Ted Swedenburg
Keyword(s):  
Critical Period ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Subsequent Transformation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western Algeria ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The City ◽  
Further Development ◽  
International Phenomenon

Abstract In this paper, I examine the emergence of pop rai in western Algeria during the 1970s and the subsequent transformation of rai into a very different sound, and a national and international phenomenon. The study is based in part on an analysis of previously hard-to-find pop rai recordings now available on the internet. Pop rai’s origins are in the rural music of the male performers of bédoui music and particularly the female cheikhat. After independence, constraints were imposed on female performances, and so, during the 1960s, male singers, most famously Belkacem Bouteldja, began to record a modern version of the cheikhat repertoire. Messaoud Bellemou, a trumpet player from the city of Aïn Témouchent, played a major role in the further development of the music; he created an ensemble that included singers like Boutaïba Sghir, Belkacem Bouteldja, Hamani Hadjoum and Younes Benfissa, that modernized the instrumental backing and overall sound of western Algeria’s local folkloric music, and thereby created the genre known as pop rai. Other artists who played a role in the development of pop rai include the Oran-based Chaba Fadela, who started her career with Bellemou’s group, Cheb Khaled, and Groupe El Azhar; and from Sidi Bel Abbès, guitarist and singer Ahmed Zergui. During the 1980s, rai music became national, and producer Rachid Baba Ahmed of Tlemcen further modernized its sound through the use of electronic keyboards. By the late 1980s, rai had become international, a new generation of artists had emerged, and the ensembles and artists that forged pop rai in the 1970s were displaced. Today those artists are largely forgotten, and this critical period in the history of rai remains seriously understudied.

scholarly journals THE INDUSTRIAL HUB "FABRYCHNYI" IN DNIPRO: HISTORY AND PROSPECTS FOR FURTHER DEVELOPMENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 170-181
Author(s):  
Іryna Merylovа ◽  
Olexandr Rechyts
Keyword(s):  
Complex Problem ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Industrial Heritage ◽  
General Plan ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
Industrial Zones ◽  
The City ◽  
Further Development

The relevance of the article is in the search for practical approaches to the renovation of the industrial hub "Fabrychnyi" in the city of Dnipro. This industrial hub occupies valuable enormous territory of the city and is adjacent to its central part. Its renovation and reconstruction, change of function and profile of use in the context of complex refunctionalization of the historical industrial heritage of Dnipro is a timely and logical way for the further development of the city system within the framework of the city's renovation policy. The article reveals the historical stages of the formation of the industry of Yekaterinoslav-Dnepropetrovsk-Dnіpro. A retrospective of the development of the general plan of the city and its industrial zones is presented. In particular, the history of "Fabrychnyi" industrial hub, the conditions for the formation of its functional planning structure in the context of historical stages are described in detail.  The article identifies the complex problem of reorganizing the industrial zones of the city taking into account the need to remove industries of the 1-3rd hazard groups. The significant historical and architectural value of the industrial environment of the industrial hub has been established as the most significant cultural heritage site of the industrialization period, which carries the spirit of the city and its community. The article also indicates that the territory for residential and commercial development could not be used due to the high level of polluted land plots of enterprises with heavy metals. Therefore, a set of measures should be taken to clean them due to the demand of the city for recreational areas. This article is aimed at maintaining a dialogue in the city-environment system, touching upon the global problems of greening and refunctionalization in order to improve the quality of life of citizens. 

scholarly journals Architecture of Charles Carr in Liepāja

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Janis Krastins
Keyword(s):  
Civil Engineer ◽  
Art Nouveau ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
The City ◽  
Research Analysis

Contribution of civil engineer Charles Carr to the development of Liepāja's Art Nouveau architecture is analysed in the article. Art Nouveau in Liepāja is one of the greatest values of architectural heritage of the city. Buildings of this style determine the cityscape in many places, but data on Liepāja's Art Nouveau architects until recent past were extremely sparse. Ch. Carr was known only as the author of the design of the building at Graudu iela 45. Two more his designs, including the one for the building at Graudu iela 44, were found during research. Analysis of planning principles, methods of artistic composition and architectural detailing of these works allowed identifying several other notable Liepāja Art Nouveau buildings as possible creations of Ch. Carr and to determine the place of this personality in the history of Latvian culture.

scholarly journals Defensive Walls of Tobolsk Kremlin: a Historical and Architectural Sketch

2021 ◽  
pp. 414-437
Author(s):  
K. S. Nossov ◽  
S. R. Muratova ◽  
I. V. Balyunov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Military Architecture ◽  
Architectural Analysis ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Restoration Work ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
Stone Walls ◽  
The City

The article was prepared in connection with the announcement of the year of Semyon Ulyanovich Remezov in the city of Tobolsk in 2021. Information has been collected on the history of the construction and rebuilding of the fortress walls and towers of the Tobolsk Kremlin, which rarely attracted the attention of researchers. A review of the history of the fence construction in the Sofia courtyard is carried out. Particular attention is paid to the stages of the construction of the Kremlin stone walls, the surviving elements of defensive architecture in them. The authors clarify some provisions from the classical works of V. I. Kochedamov, draw on new sources, including photographs from restoration work in the middle of the 20th century from the funds of the Tobolsk Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve. The results of a comparative architectural analysis of the Kremlin walls of Tobolsk with synchronous and previous monuments of Russian military architecture are presented in the article. It has been established that the walls of the Tobolsk Kremlin were more of a symbolic-decorative than a military char-acter. It was determined that they represented a symbiosis of the Moscow Kremlin architecture of the late 15th century with the architecture of the Smolensk fortress wall, 17th century monastery fences and, possibly, the fence of the Bishops' court in Rostov.

Een eeuwenlange strijd tegen droogte en teloorgang

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-151
Author(s):  
DAVID KOREN
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
World Heritage List ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Stone Walls ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

An age-long struggle against drought and downfall. Values and meanings of the Curaçao plantation landscape Even if it is not obvious at first, a closer look reveals that Curaçao is actually one large plantation landscape, with the exception of Willemstad’s inner city. This landscape can be read as a history book with the old plantation houses as its most recognizable elements. But there are many more elements like cactus hedges, palm copses, stone walls, wells and (dysfunctional) waterworks. This landscape is most recognizable in the western part of the island. The central area around Willemstad has suffered from uncontrolled urbanization and industrialization, while the eastern part has basically become an extensive leisure landscape. The owners of plantations used several strategies like a multitude of crops, the creation of saltpans where possible and trade in the city (just a few plantation owners focused exclusively on agricultural production). At the end of the 19th century, several plantations were explored for extractable minerals. Throughout the 20th century, almost all plantations were gradually sold and abandoned. The abolishment of slavery in 1863 gave the first impetus for this, but the final blow was the exodus towards the city when an oil refinery brought new perspectives for the island. Paid employment in the city was much more appealing than an uncertain existence in the countryside, where years of failed crops could eventually lead to starvation. An overall problem is the ongoing privatization of public space, which results in the transformation of old plantations into gated residential areas and resorts, creating an unrecognizable landscape and a growing inequality between rich and poor. A future nomination for the UNESCO World Heritage List will possibly create new perspectives for this cultural landscape (see next article).

Buffalo at the Crossroads

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Urban Renewal ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
White Flight ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
History Of ◽  
City Beautiful ◽  
The City

This book is a diverse set of twelve cutting-edge chapters that highlight the outsized importance of Buffalo, New York, within the story of American urbanism. The chapters consider the history of Buffalo's built environment in light of contemporary developments and in relationship to the evolving interplay between nature, industry, and architecture. The chapters examine Buffalo's architectural heritage in rich context: the Second Industrial Revolution; the City Beautiful movement; world's fairs; grain, railroad, and shipping industries; urban renewal and so-called white flight; and the larger networks of labor and production that set the city's economic fate. The book pays attention to currents that connect contemporary architectural work in Buffalo to the legacies established by its esteemed architectural founders: Richardson, Olmsted, Adler, Sullivan, Bethune, Wright, Saarinen, and others. The book is a compelling introduction to Buffalo's architecture and developed landscape that frames discussion about the city.

The celebration, condemnation and reinterpretation of the Geddes plan, 1925: the dynamic planning history of Tel Aviv

Urban History ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
NOAH HYSLER RUBIN
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban History ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Planning History ◽  
Main Claim ◽  
Tel Aviv ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACT:The article presents the short urban history of Tel Aviv as a case-study for critical readings in urban planning. Focusing on Patrick Geddes’ celebrated plan for the city (1925) and its various interpretations along the years, the main claim made in the article is that when present planners are confronted with a past which does not suit current needs, history is contested, or reinvented entirely. The appreciation of Geddes’ plan over the years always reflected the city's contemporary image and its planners’ attitudes, which initially reflected the pioneering spirits of the city's Zionist creation. The plan was later blamed for the city's deterioration; and finally celebrated again, alongside the city's new found architectural heritage and urban spirit.

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