Racial/Ethnic Socialization and Faith

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-274
Author(s):  
Stephanie Boddie ◽  
Eric Kyere
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Liberation Theology ◽  
Black Church ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
African American Youth ◽  
Ethnic Socialization ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Black African ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Although racial-ethnic socialization (RES) within the African American communities includes faith/spirituality, Christian social workers have not explored this relationship in ways that explicitly integrate the two. As a result, we have limited understanding of how Christian social workers can foster a holistic sense of self that integrates Christian and racial/ethnic identities to foster empowerment and liberation possibilities among black/African American youth. Drawing on literature related to RES and faith/spirituality, we argue that Christians social workers can integrate the process of faith development, with an explicit focus on Black liberation theology, with RES to promote psychological and spiritual liberation to foster self-worth and dignity of black youth to promote their positive development. This paper provides a review of the literature on racial/ethnic socialization. A discussion of how the Black church and liberation theology along with black history positively shapes racial identity and preparation to resist racism. We conclude with some practice and research recommendations      

Youth Perceptions of Law Enforcement and Worry About Crime from 1976 to 2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 564-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam D. Fine ◽  
Sachiko Donley ◽  
Caitlin Cavanagh ◽  
Elizabeth Cauffman
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
African American Youth ◽  
Youth Of Color ◽  
White Youth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Black African ◽  
American Law ◽  
Youth Perceptions ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Recent unjust interactions between law enforcement and youth of color may have provoked a “crisis” in American law enforcement. Utilizing Monitoring the Future’s data on distinct, cross-sectional cohorts of 12th graders from each year spanning 1976–2016, we examined whether youth perceptions of law enforcement have changed. We also traced youth worry about crime considering declining perceptions of law enforcement may correspond with increasing worry about crime. Across decades, White youth consistently perceived law enforcement the most positively and worried least about crime, followed by Hispanic/Latinx then Black/African American youth. During the 1990s, among all youth, perceptions of law enforcement declined while worry about crime increased. However, recently, such trends were limited to White youth; among youth of color, perceptions of law enforcement declined while worry about crime remained largely stable. Problematically, youth perceptions of law enforcement recently reached a decades-long low and racial/ethnic gaps in perceptions appear to be growing.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Almeda M. Wright
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Young People ◽  
Black Church ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
African American Youth ◽  
African American Community ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
Highly Active

Young African Americans regularly experience racism, poverty, sexism, violence, and other affronts to their humanity. Though they are often highly active and vocal contributors to their churches, schools, and neighborhood communities, they are often silent about the possibility of God working to address the injustices in their lives. The disconnection between the issues young people face, their community involvement, and their conceptions of God point toward the pervasiveness of “fragmented” spirituality among African American youth. Spiritual fragmentation does not necessarily inhibit healthy development or functioning. However, the African American community and church are at risk if they fail to challenge the myth that the personal and the communal or the spiritual and political are in fact disconnected. But why are African American Christian adolescents experiencing spiritual fragmentation? Is spiritual fragmentation symptomatic of an irreparable chasm between the Black church and Black youth? Or are there other factors at play?

Linking Racial-Ethnic Socialization to Culture and Race-Specific Coping Among African American College Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 549-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sha’Kema M. Blackmon ◽  
Laura D. Coyle ◽  
Sheron Davenport ◽  
Archandria C. Owens ◽  
Christopher Sparrow
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
African American ◽  
Racial Socialization ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Ethnic Socialization ◽  
African American College Students ◽  
John Henryism ◽  
Racial Ethnic

In addition to the use of coping strategies generally shared by all Americans, research has shown that African Americans tend to make use of culture and race-specific coping styles that distinguish them from other racial/ethnic group populations. These coping styles are important for the negotiation of multiple types of stressors. Little has been written on the antecedents of culture and race-specific coping (i.e., Africultural coping and John Henryism). This exploratory online investigation sought to determine if childhood racial-ethnic socialization (i.e., a cultural practice and protective factor) experiences predicted present self-reported culture and race-specific coping among a group of African American college students ( N = 191). Results indicated that past racial socialization messages encouraging participants to engage in positive cross-racial interactions (i.e., cross-racial relationship messages) were positively predictive of spiritual-centered and collective coping. Racial socialization messages that prescribed how participants should cope with racism were negatively associated with prolonged, active high-effort coping (i.e., John Henryism). Ethnic socialization messages emphasizing participation in African American cultural activities (i.e., African American heritage messages) positively predicted spiritual-centered, collective, and ritual-centered coping. Finally, ethnic socialization messages encouraging participants to have respect for authority figures, retain close relationships with family members, and maintain a collectivistic orientation (i.e., African American cultural values messages) were negatively predictive of John Henryism. Taken together, childhood racial-ethnic socialization experiences are an important resource for coping during college.

scholarly journals Racial Socialization as a Mechanism for Positive Development Among African American Youth

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley B. Evans ◽  
Meeta Banerjee ◽  
Rika Meyer ◽  
Adriana Aldana ◽  
Monica Foust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Racial Socialization ◽  
African American Youth ◽  
Positive Development

scholarly journals Clinician–Patient Racial/Ethnic Concordance Influences Racial/Ethnic Minority Pain: Evidence from Simulated Clinical Interactions

Pain Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3109-3125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R Anderson ◽  
Morgan Gianola ◽  
Jenna M Perry ◽  
Elizabeth A Reynolds Losin
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnic Discrimination ◽  
Medical Procedure ◽  
Black African ◽  
Clinical Interactions ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Hispanic White ◽  
White Patients

Abstract Objective Racial and ethnic minorities in the United States report higher levels of both clinical and experimental pain, yet frequently receive inadequate pain treatment. Although these disparities are well documented, their underlying causes remain largely unknown. Evidence from social psychological and health disparities research suggests that clinician–patient racial/ethnic concordance may improve minority patient health outcomes. Yet whether clinician–patient racial/ethnic concordance influences pain remains poorly understood. Methods Medical trainees and community members/undergraduates played the role of “clinicians” and “patients,” respectively, in simulated clinical interactions. All participants identified as non-Hispanic Black/African American, Hispanic white, or non-Hispanic white. Interactions were randomized to be either racially/ethnically concordant or discordant in a 3 (clinician race/ethnicity) × 2 (clinician–patient racial/ethnic concordance) factorial design. Clinicians took the medical history and vital signs of the patient and administered an analogue of a painful medical procedure. Results As predicted, clinician–patient racial/ethnic concordance reduced self-reported and physiological indicators of pain for non-Hispanic Black/African American patients and did not influence pain for non-Hispanic white patients. Contrary to our prediction, concordance was associated with increased pain report in Hispanic white patients. Finally, the influence of concordance on pain-induced physiological arousal was largest for patients who reported prior experience with or current worry about racial/ethnic discrimination. Conclusions Our findings inform our understanding of the sociocultural factors that influence pain within medical contexts and suggest that increasing minority, particularly non-Hispanic Black/African American, physician numbers may help reduce persistent racial/ethnic pain disparities.

A Theoretical Framework for Understanding Ethnic Socialization among International Adoptees

2008 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayashree Mohanty ◽  
Christina Newhill
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
International Adoption ◽  
Psychosocial Outcomes ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Ethnic Socialization ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Minority Children ◽  
The Past ◽  
International Adoptees ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Although the number of U.S. families who choose international adoption has grown dramatically over the past decade, concern remains about separating such children from their racial/ethnic/cultural groups of origin. Existing literature has primarily focused on African American or immigrant children's ethnic socialization experiences with little attention given to ethnic socialization of international adoptees. This paper describes a theoretical framework for understanding ethnic socialization among international adoptees and examines the applicability of existing models for understanding developmental and psychosocial outcomes for adopted minority children. Implications for practice, policy, and research are discussed.

Youth Audience Segmentation Strategies for Smoking-Prevention Mass Media Campaigns Based on Message Appeal

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 578-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian S. Flynn ◽  
John K. Worden ◽  
Janice Yanushka Bunn ◽  
Anne L. Dorwaldt ◽  
Scott W. Connolly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
African American Youth ◽  
African American Adolescents ◽  
Smoking Prevention ◽  
Audience Segmentation ◽  
Media Campaigns ◽  
Prevention Messages ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Media Interventions

Mass media interventions are among the strategies recommended for youth cigarette smoking prevention, but little is known about optimal methods for reaching diverse youth audiences. Grades 4 through 12 samples of youth from four states ( n = 1,230) rated smoking-prevention messages in classroom settings. Similar proportions of African American, Hispanic, and White youth participated. Impact of audience characteristics on message appeal ratings was assessed to provide guidance for audience segmentation strategies. Age had a strong effect on individual message appeal. The effect of gender also was significant. Message ratings were similar among the younger racial/ethnic groups, but differences were found for older African American youth. Lower academic achievement was associated with lower appeal scores for some messages. Age should be a primary consideration in developing and delivering smoking-prevention messages to youth audiences. The unique needs of boys and girls and older African American adolescents should also be considered.

Highlighting the chameleon nature of power

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-354
Author(s):  
Edythe Weeks
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Black African ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
The Social ◽  
Racist Ideology ◽  
System Power ◽  
Race Analysis

This essay uses a poststructural/critical race analysis, and provides a specific example of how the social practice of labeling serves to create major ideological effects, which produce and reproduce unequal race-based power relations. Certain U.S. citizens are ascribed/branded with the seemingly politically correct label, “African-American”. Many believe that the shift from “Black” to “African-American” in 1988 was the result of Blacks exercising political power and achieving a hard-won right to change their identity. Also many view the new label as the common sense preferred alternative to “Black”. This article deconstructs the term “African-American” and views it within the context of the macro and micro interactive forces of politics, economics, sociology, history and socio-cultural phenomena. Instead of the intended purpose of fostering a sense of self-esteem, the label has also served to reinforce the socially constructed binary dualisms characterizing “Blacks” as being fundamentally different from “Whites”. Moreover, the notion of Black pride, self-esteem and heritage are concepts with the power to shift culpability and blame onto the victims of a race-based system. Power appeared to have been exercised by Black/African-Americans. However, the shift to African-American was not the result of autonomous thinking. It was a “reflex without reflection” (Billig 1991:8). It “echoed” dominating ideological structures of power. The “new” label unwittingly serves to further perpetuate racist ideology inherited from a foundational institution of slavery. America can enjoy the image of having a culture of freedom, equality and egalitarianism, while maintaining justifiable race-based political, social and economic inequality gaps.

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