scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Fungal Pathogens Associated with Diseases of Onion Crop in District Swat, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nazir Uddin ◽  
Nasrullah ◽  
Muddasir Khan
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Blue Mold ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Alternaria Porri ◽  
Black Mold ◽  
Penicillium Spp

Onion is an important vegetable and a source of income for formers in District Swat, Pakistan. However, the crop is attacked by several pathogens i.e. fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes. Therefore, a study was carried out for the estimation of fungal diseases of onion crop in district Swat. Within this study, about 50 samples of diseased onion crop were collected from 17 different regions of District Swat. The most prevalent fungal borne onion diseases were black mold (38%), onion rust (32%), Blue Mold Rot (10%) and seedling. Fungal species were consistently isolated from all infected samples. In which Aspergillus was isolated from 82% samples, Puccinia Alli was from 70%, Alternaria porri from 52%, Fusarium spp from 42% Penicillium spp from 40%, Peronospora destructor from 35%, Pyhtaium from 23% and Rhizoctonia solani from 18% of samples. These fungal species consistently isolated and cultured from diseased onion plants of different fields in Swat. Keywords: Onion crop, Fungal diseases, Aspergillus.

Incidence and molecular characterization of fungi and yeast isolated from cultured catfish and Nile tilapia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Ola Hashem ◽  
Viola Zaki ◽  
Rawia Adawy
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Penicillium Spp

Objective: To study the incidence and seasonal dynamics of different fungi affected freshwater fishes in Lake Manzala with molecular identification of the isolated fungi. Animals: 300 Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and 300 catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Design: Descriptive study. Procedures: Random samples of Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus) and Clarias gariepinus (C. gariepinus) were collected from Manzala fish farms. Clinical and postmortem examination of fish was applied. Isolation and identification of different fungi were performed by conventional methods. Furthermore, the molecular characterization of isolated fungi was carried out. Results: C. gariepinus had a higher rate of infection with different fungal species than O. niloticus. Aspergillus spp. (Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus) were the most fungal isolated from the examined fishes, followed by Penicillium spp. and Candida albicans. Aspergillus spp were detected in all seasons with a higher rate in summer and spring. A. flavus, A. niger, Penicillium spp. and C.albicans isolates were amplified from both C. gariepinus and O. niloticus at the specified molecular weight using PCR. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Fungal infection affected the fish showing different external and internal lesions, all species of Aspergillus were found in all seasons with a high rate in, hot seasons, summer and spring. The Prevalence of Penicillium and C. albicans were also reported. All fungal isolates were identified on the phenotypic and molecular bases.

scholarly journals Benzyl and Phenyl Glucosinolates Are Metabolized by the Specific Plant Pathogen Alternaria Brassicicola but Not by the Generalist Fungal Pathogens Rhizoctonia Solani or Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Soledade C. Pedras ◽  
Chintamani Thapa ◽  
Sajjad Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Spectroscopic Characterization ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Metabolic Products

The metabolism of benzyl and phenyl glucosinolates by three phytopathogenic fungal species is investigated and established that <i>A. brassicicola </i>metabolized intact benzyl and phenyl glucosinolates and the corresponding desulfo derivatives. Syntheses and spectroscopic characterization of benzyl and phenyl desulfo-glucosinolates are reported. Phenylacetonitrile and benzylisothiocyanate are the first metabolic products of benzyl glucosinolate; benzyl isothiocyanate is further metabolized to 3-benzyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydrothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid.

Managing Nematodes, Fungal Diseases, and Thrips on Peanut with Pesticides and Crop Rotations of Bahiagrass, Corn, and Cotton1

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Johnson ◽  
N. A. Minton ◽  
T. B. Brenneman ◽  
G. W. Burton ◽  
A. K. Culbreath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Agronomic Crops ◽  
Peanut Production

Abstract The influences of bahiagrass, corn, and cotton in rotation with peanut and treatments with aldicarb, flutolanil, and aldicarb plus flutolanil on nematodes, thrips, diseases caused by soilborne fungal pathogens, and yield of peanut were studied for 3 yr. Peanut yields following either 1 or 2 yr of bahiagrass, corn, or cotton were higher than those of continuous peanut. Peanut yield was greatest in the aldicarb plus flutolanil treated plots (5270 kg/ha), intermediate where aldicarb (4060 kg/ha), or flutolanil (4597 kg/ha) was used without aldicarb, and least in untreated (3690 kg/ha) plots. Yield increases in response to cropping sequences and pesticide treatments resulted primarily from suppression of crop damage by Meloidogyne arenaria, Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia solani, and Frankliniella spp. The data document the pest management benefits and yield response associated with using two widely grown agronomic crops (corn and cotton), an improved bahiagrass cultivar, and pesticide treatments in peanut production.

scholarly journals An investigation into the microbial infestation of poultry feeds

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
MM Rahman ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
MZ Alam ◽  
M Ashrafuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Fungal Population ◽  
Fungal Flora ◽  
Poultry Feeds ◽  
Penicillium Spp ◽  
Feed Samples

The Experiments were carried out during the period of July 2001 to December 2002. Infestation of poultry feeds by fungi and aflatoxins content in feeds were determined. Ten feed samples were collected from ten different farms located in three different areas of Bangladesh. Five different fungal species belonging four genera were detected which were Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium spp, Rhizopus stolonifer and Penicillium spp. Among them Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger were found in all the feed samples and the rest were occasionally found. Effect of storage and moisture content of feeds were studied for determining the influence on occurrence of fungal flora in feeds. Higher the storing period of feed along with higher moisture content resulted superior incidences of fungal population in stored feeds. Studied on storage practice with 4 duration of F1 sample revealed that the presence of aflatoxins were 30.52ppb, 33.36ppb, 37.32ppb and 48.35ppb of 5, 10, 15 and 20 days after production of feeds, respectively.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 13(1): 79-86, June 2015

scholarly journals A Study of Fungal Diseases Occurring on Stored Tomatoes of Balkhu Agriculture and Vegetable Market, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-122
Author(s):  
Bimala Shakya ◽  
Hari Prasad Aryal
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Black Mold ◽  
Fusarium Rot ◽  
Bunch Rot ◽  
Post Harvest Deterioration ◽  
Phytophthora Rot

Tomatoes are one of the most widely produced and consumed vegetable in Nepal. Fungal pathogens deteriorate the quality and quantity of tomato and cause health hazards to the consumers as well as economic loss to the traders. This study was carried out to identify some fungal diseases associated with post-harvest deterioration of stored tomato fruits in Balkhu Agriculture and vegetable Market of Kathmandu, Nepal. Collected samples were cultured in Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media in complete randomized design. Fifteen species of fungi namely Alternaria alternata, A. solani, Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, Fulvum fulva, Colletotrichum truncatum, Curvularia spicifera, Fusarium oxysporum, Dipodascus geotrichum, Mucor mucedo, Penicillium chrysogenum, Phytophthora infestans, Boeremia exigua, Pythium aphanidermatum and Rhizopus stolonifer were identified. These were responsible for 14 different diseases of Alternaria fruit rot, Anthracnose, Black mold rot, Botrytis Bunch Rot, Damping off/ fruit rot, Drechslera mold, Fusarium rot, Mucor rot, Penicillum rot, Boeremia blight, Phytophthora rot, Rhizopus rot, Russet, and, Sour rot. The presence of these fungi and corresponding rot diseases on stored tomato indicates the need for management of fungi, farm sanitation and improved market in order to prevent field-to-storage transmission of pathogen.

scholarly journals Threats Posed by the Fungal Kingdom to Humans, Wildlife, and Agriculture

mBio ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Fisher ◽  
Sarah J. Gurr ◽  
Christina A. Cuomo ◽  
David S. Blehert ◽  
Hailing Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Fungal Allergy ◽  
Eukaryotic Species ◽  
Global Increase ◽  
Fungal Kingdom

ABSTRACT The fungal kingdom includes at least 6 million eukaryotic species and is remarkable with respect to its profound impact on global health, biodiversity, ecology, agriculture, manufacturing, and biomedical research. Approximately 625 fungal species have been reported to infect vertebrates, 200 of which can be human associated, either as commensals and members of our microbiome or as pathogens that cause infectious diseases. These organisms pose a growing threat to human health with the global increase in the incidence of invasive fungal infections, prevalence of fungal allergy, and the evolution of fungal pathogens resistant to some or all current classes of antifungals. More broadly, there has been an unprecedented and worldwide emergence of fungal pathogens affecting animal and plant biodiversity. Approximately 8,000 species of fungi and Oomycetes are associated with plant disease. Indeed, across agriculture, such fungal diseases of plants include new devastating epidemics of trees and jeopardize food security worldwide by causing epidemics in staple and commodity crops that feed billions. Further, ingestion of mycotoxins contributes to ill health and causes cancer. Coordinated international research efforts, enhanced technology translation, and greater policy outreach by scientists are needed to more fully understand the biology and drivers that underlie the emergence of fungal diseases and to mitigate against their impacts. Here, we focus on poignant examples of emerging fungal threats in each of three areas: human health, wildlife biodiversity, and food security.

scholarly journals Benzyl and Phenyl Glucosinolates Are Metabolized by the Specific Plant Pathogen Alternaria Brassicicola but Not by the Generalist Fungal Pathogens Rhizoctonia Solani or Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Soledade C. Pedras ◽  
Chintamani Thapa ◽  
Sajjad Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Spectroscopic Characterization ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Metabolic Products

The metabolism of benzyl and phenyl glucosinolates by three phytopathogenic fungal species is investigated and established that <i>A. brassicicola </i>metabolized intact benzyl and phenyl glucosinolates and the corresponding desulfo derivatives. Syntheses and spectroscopic characterization of benzyl and phenyl desulfo-glucosinolates are reported. Phenylacetonitrile and benzylisothiocyanate are the first metabolic products of benzyl glucosinolate; benzyl isothiocyanate is further metabolized to 3-benzyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydrothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid.

Are species concepts outdated for fungi? Intraspecific variation in plant-pathogenic fungi illustrates the need for subspecific categorization.

2021 ◽  
pp. 301-319
Author(s):  
Enrique Monte ◽  
Rosa Hermosa ◽  
María del Mar Jiménez-Gasco ◽  
Rafael M. Jiménez-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi

Abstract Precise naming of a species is very important for phytopathogenic fungi because names may carry key information for the management of the fungal diseases. Naming fungal species based on morphological traits or biological properties is outdated and unreliable. This chapter provides the classification of some plant pathogenic fungi including Rhizoctonia solani, Colletotrichum, Fusarium oxysporum, and Verticillum based on morphological, pathogenicity, molecular and phylogenetic analysis. Debate on species identification is no longer a question of being in favour of 'splitters' rather than of 'lumpers', but defining phytopathogenic species is particularly complicated and requires further consideration of subspecific categorizations.

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO SANITÁRIA DE SEMENTES DE FEIJÃO USADAS POR AGRICULTORES FAMILIARES DA ZONA DA MATA

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERTO FONTES FONTES ARAUJO ◽  
Fabrício Welington Souza Silva ◽  
Eduardo Fontes Araujo ◽  
Miquéias de Oliveira Assis ◽  
Valéria Rodrigues Veiga
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Penicillium Spp

O valor da semente relacionado à germinação e ao vigor é relativamente bem compreendido pelos agricultores. No entanto, o conhecimento do papel da semente como veículo de disseminação de patógenos é ainda limitado. Objetivou-se avaliar as qualidades sanitária e fisiológica de sementes de feijão usadas por agricultores familiares, comparando-as com as qualidades das sementes de cultivares da EPAMIG. Inicialmente, foram obtidas amostras de sementes de feijão de 74 agricultores familiares e da EPAMIG. As sementes foram avaliadas quanto às qualidades sanitária e fisiológica. Apenas 19% dos agricultores produziram sementes com vigor semelhante ao daquelas da EPAMIG. Dos 74 lotes de sementes, 83% apresentaram contaminação por fungos. Aqueles que não apresentaram ocorrência de fungos (17%), coincidentemente, estão contidos naqueles 19% de lotes com alto vigor. Houve ocorrência do patógeno Colletotrichum lindemuthianum em 18% dos lotes, com incidência do fungo variando de 1 a 10% das sementes. A presença de Fusarium spp foi verificada em 65% dos lotes de sementes; contaminação preocupante, com incidência do fungo nos lotes contaminados na faixa de 1 a 17%. A incidência de Rhizoctonia solani foi menos preocupante do que a de Fusarium spp; verificou-se a contaminação em 14% dos lotes, com a incidência do fungo nas sementes variando de 1 a 3%. O fungo Macrophomina phaseolina ocorreu em 30 % dos lotes; a incidência nas sementes ficou na faixa de 1 a 6%. Em apenas 4% dos lotes foi encontrado o fungo Sclerotinea sclerotiorum; nesses lotes, a incidência nas sementes variou de 0,5 a 1%. Dos fungos de armazenamento, constatou-se a ocorrência de Aspergillus spp em 41% dos lotes, com a incidência do fungo variando de 1 a 18% nas sementes desses lotes. Já o Penicillium spp foi diagnosticado em 39% dos lotes, com porcentagens de incidência nas sementes na faixa de 1 a 25.

scholarly journals Isolation And Identification of Fungi Associated with Different Species of Stored Graines

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-258
Author(s):  
Khadeeja A. Saido ◽  
Halben I. Mohammed ◽  
Raed A. Haleem
Keyword(s):  
Agar Plate ◽  
Lima Bean ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Fungal Isolation ◽  
Identification Of Fungi ◽  
Rhizopus Sp ◽  
Penicillium Spp

This study was conducted on different species of stored grains obtained from Duhok Province, Kurdistan Region, of Iraq to investigate the occurrence of seed borne fungi. Nine types of grains were collected and two methods were selected (agar plate method and blotter method) for fungal isolation. A total of 19 species assigned to 13 genera were identified. The high frequent genera were Aspergillus (4 species), Penicillium, Alternaria and Fusarium (2 species), while other genera include Rhizopus, Cladosporium, Stemphylium, Ulocladium, Humicola, Bipolaris, Curvularia Phoma and Rhizoctonia were represented only in a single species. The results showed a variation in the fungal species and contamination percentage according to the detection and incubation methods. The lowest occurrence percentage was detected in lentils seeds with only one genus represented by Penicillium spp., while the highest occurrence percentage was detected with Chickpea seeds represent by six genera. The most common fungal genera displayed by agar plate method in wheat and chickpea were Rhizoctonia sp. (34.1%) and Penicillium sp. (42.5%) respectively. The highest fungal detection by blotter method was recorded with barley seeds while the lowest was chickpea seeds. The most common fungal genera recorded by blotter method under room temperature after 7 days and 14 days was Penicillium spp, with a percent 100% from chickpea seeds followed by Aspergillus spp with percent of (66.7%, 47.6%) from barley and raisin seeds respectively. While the highest frequent fungus in seeds incubated at 25°C after 7 and 14 days was Aspergillus parasiticus (88.9%) from mash seeds and Rhizopus sp. (80.1%) from lima bean respectively. Blotter method considered an efficient and economically reliable method.

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