scholarly journals Unveiling the genetic divergence and phenotypic association in elite Pakistani wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Naila Gandahi ◽  
Abdul Wahid Baloch ◽  
Mir Yar Muhammad Khan Talpur ◽  
Nasreen Fatima ◽  
Tanweer Fatah Abro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Genotypes

The present study was designed to assess genetic divergence between commercial bread wheat genotypes based on yield and its related traits and to carry out phenotypic correlation. Twenty bread hexaploid wheat varieties were assessed for mean performance, correlation analysis and genetic distance. Randomized complete block design was used with three replications during growing season, 2018-2019 at Wheat and Barley Research Institute, Tandojam. The mean squares depicted significant differences (P<0.01) for all the investigated traits among the tested genotypes, proving that used genetic resources possess a great potential for further breeding experiments. Regarding mean performance, the genotypes Sassui and TD-1 displayed desirable performance for a variety of traits, unveiling their importance in wheat breeding programs. The results also showed that tillers plant-1, grains spike-1 and seed index developed significantly positive (P<0.05) interrelationship with grain yield plant-1. This demonstrates that genotypes possessing higher extent of these traits may be chosen in selection for developing high yielding bread wheat genotypes. The larger genetic distance was witnessed between Johar-78 and TD-1, followed by SKD-1 and TJ-83, SKD-1 and Mehran-89, SKD-1 and Johar-78, TD-1 and Khirman, TJ-83 and Imdad-05, Mehran-89 and TD-1 and Johar-78 and TJ-83. These paired showed wide genetic distances, which may also be preferred in wheat hybridization program. Keywords: Genetic distance, hexaploid wheat, morphological traits, trait

scholarly journals Estimation of grain productivity and biochemical indicators of the winter bread wheat varieties depending on the forecrop

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 01027
Author(s):  
Оlesya Nekrasova ◽  
Nina Kravchenko ◽  
Dmitry Marchenko ◽  
Evgeny Nekrasov
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Biochemical Indicators ◽  
Winter Bread Wheat ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Study Results

The purpose of the study was to estimate the effect of sunflower and pea on the amount of productivity, protein and gluten percentage in grain. The objects of the study were 13 winter bread wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.) developed by the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. The study was carried out in 2018-2020 on the fields of the department of winter wheat breeding and seed production. The forecrops were peas and sunflower. The study results showed that the varieties ‘Volny Don’ (6.1 t / ha), ‘Krasa Dona’ (6.1 t / ha) and ‘Lidiya’ (6.0 t / ha), when sown after peas, gave the largest yields. The varieties ‘Volny Don’ (4.9 t / ha) and ‘Polina’ (4.8 t / ha) which were sown after sunflower, showed the best productivity. The analysis of qualitative indicators established that the maximum percentage of protein and gluten in grain was identified in the varieties ‘Podarok Krymu’ (16.3%; 28.3%) and ‘Volnitsa’ (16.1%; 28.5%), which were sown after peas; and the same varieties showed good results (‘Podarok Krymu’ (16.2%; 27.4%) and ‘Volnitsa’ (15.7%; 27.8%)), when sown after sunflower.

scholarly journals Participatory Evaluation and Selection of Improved Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum. L) Varieties in Northern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. p80
Author(s):  
Berhanu Meles ◽  
Chekole Nigus ◽  
Atsede Teklu ◽  
Yonas G Mariam
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Preference Ranking ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Variety Selection

Participatory variety selection trials were conducted in 2018 G.C in Laelay-maichew, Tahtay-maichew and Ahferom districts of central zone of Tigrai to evaluate the performance of improved bread wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) Variety and to assess farmers’ criteria for bread wheat variety selection. Six improved bread wheat varieties (Mekelle-1, Mekelle-2, Ogolcho, Kingbird and Hedasse) including the most popular variety ‘Kakaba’ were used for the study at eighteen farmers (six from each district). The experiment was laid out using randomized complete block design at baby trial with three replications. Analysis of variance revealed a significant difference among the tested varieties for most of the agronomic traits except for kernels per spike and harvest index in all the tested locations. In the preference ranking, farmers used their own traits of interest which were very important in their wheat varieties for selection. Hence, common criteria’s identified by the farmers to select the best varieties were; grain yield, biomass yield, earliness, disease resistance, spike length and seed size. Accordingly direct matrix ranking by farmers showed that Ogolcho was top ranked both at L/maichew and Ahferom followed by Kakaba, however Mekelle-1 was first ranked followed by Kakaba at T/maichew.  Therefore farmers of L/maichew and Ahferom were recommended to use Ogolcho and Kakaba, whereas Mekelle-1 was recommended for T/maichew.

scholarly journals Evaluation of drought-tolerance in some tropical wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) at different osmotic-stress level

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Muhammad Kadir ◽  
Kaimuddin Kaimuddin ◽  
Yunus Musa ◽  
Muh Farid Badaruddin ◽  
Amin Nur
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Potential Donor ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Tropical Condition ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Abiotic factors, such as temperature and drought, are the main factors limiting the cultivation under the tropical condition. Two-stage experiments were conducted to examine the drought-tolerant potential of some wheat genotypes against the osmotic stress under the tropical condition at the Laboratory and Greenhouse of Hasanuddin University and Indonesian Cereal Research Institute. The experiments were arranged in a randomized block design with the split-plot pattern and respectively provided with four and three replications. The main plot was potential osmotic stress (0, -0. 33 , and -0.67 MPa) and the sub-plot was selected wheat genotypes (17 genotypes). The results indicates that based on the germination percentage, shoot/root ratio, proline content, stomatal behavior, and relative water content, the wheat lines of O/HP-78-A22-3-7, WBLL*2KURUKU, O/HP-6-A8-2-10, and O/HP-22-A27-1-10 are identified to have better drought-tolerance than the others genotypes based on the analysis of responses to parameters observed. The positively adaptive response of some tropical wheat genotypes to drought stress may be used as a potential donor for further development of drought-tolerant wheat varieties under the tropical climate in Indonesia. 

scholarly journals Effect of Heat Stress for Agro-Economic Traits in Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-282
Author(s):  
Wajid Ali Jatoi ◽  
Abdul Basit Abbasi ◽  
Shahnaz Memon ◽  
Raza Ali Rind ◽  
Zulifquar Ali Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Late Planting ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Sowing Dates

In the scenario of increasing global warming, heat stress received more importance. Un- fortunately, Pakistan is also in the line of most heat affected countries of the world. In this regard, wheat being a most important staple edible crop of Pakistan is highly affected by heat stress. For combating this situation, a study was carried-out on ten bread wheat genotypes viz. Moomal, Mehran, Imdad-05, Anmol- 91, Benazir, TJ-83, SKD-1, TD-1, Abadgar and Hamal at the Experimental Field, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam. The experiment was laid-out in a randomized complete block design (factorial arrangement) with three replications during Rabi season, 2016-17 in order to assess the response of wheat genotypes to terminal heat stress tolerance. Wheat genotypes were evaluated in two sowing dates viz., on 24th November as a normal planting and late planting on 31th December, 2016 considered as heat stress condition. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes under both sowing dates indicating suitability of the experiment to improve bread wheat genotypes for heat tolerance. Reductions in various traits were observed in late planting which indicated visible effects of heat stress on agro-economic traits. On an average plant height (cm), tillers/plant, spike length (cm), spikelets/spike, grains/spike, 1000-grain weight (g) and grain yield/plant (g) were declined by -4.63, -2.49, -3.04, -4.35, -16.29, -14.08 and -9.09 units respectively under the heat stress conditions, while the wheat genotypes like TJ-83, SKD-1 and Mehran showed minimum reductions under heat stress conditions for various traits suggesting their heat tolerance, nonetheless cultivars Moomal and Benazir expressed maximum declines under heat stress expressing their susceptibility to heat stress conditions. The remaining genotypes were found as moderately heat stress tolerant.  

scholarly journals Genetic Variability Analysis in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes for Morpho-Physiological Characters and Grain Micronutrient Content

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mainak Barman ◽  
Vinay Kumar Choudhary ◽  
Satish Kumar Singh ◽  
Mithilesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Rabiya Parveen
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Genetic Enhancement ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Randomized Block Design

An experiment was performed taking 30 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes in the experimental area of Wheat Breeding section of DRPCAU, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar during the Rabi season of 2019-20 to assess the genotypic and phenotypic variance, genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variability, heritability, and genetic advance as per cent of mean. Observations were documented for fifteen characters. The evaluation was accomplished in Randomized Block Design. Significant differences were revealed by the analysis of variance among the evaluated genotypes for each of the taken parameters. Manipulation by the environment was extremely scanty in the expression of all the traits as it was marked by slight differences between the genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation. The characters namely, grain Zn content, grain Fe content, no. of tillers per plant, number of grains/ ear and flag leaf area demonstrated high heritability in addition to high genetic advance as per cent of mean pointing towards that it would be effective to employ simple selection schemes to fetch genetic enhancement in desired track for mentioned characters.

scholarly journals Histone acetyltransferase TaHAG1 acts as a crucial regulator to strengthen salt tolerance of hexaploid wheat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Zheng ◽  
Jingchen Lin ◽  
Xingbei Liu ◽  
Wei Chu ◽  
Jinpeng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Histone Acetyltransferase ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Signal Specificity ◽  
H3 Acetylation

Abstract Polyploidy occurs prevalently and plays an important role during plant speciation and evolution. This phenomenon suggests polyploidy could develop novel features that enable them to adapt wider range of environmental conditions compared with diploid progenitors. Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L., BBAADD) is a typical allohexaploid species and generally exhibits greater salt tolerance than its tetraploid wheat progenitor (BBAA). However, little is known about the underlying molecular basis and the regulatory pathway of this trait. Here, we show that the histone acetyltransferase TaHAG1 acts as a crucial regulator to strengthen salt tolerance of hexaploid wheat. Salinity-induced TaHAG1 expression was associated with tolerance variation in polyploidy wheat. Overexpression, silencing and CRISPR-mediated knockout of TaHAG1 validated the role of TaHAG1 in salinity tolerance of wheat. TaHAG1 contributed to salt tolerance by modulating ROS production and signal specificity. Moreover, TaHAG1 directly targeted a subset of genes that are responsible for hydrogen peroxide production, and enrichment of TaHAG1 triggered increased H3 acetylation and transcriptional upregulation of these loci under salt stress. In addition, we found the salinity-induced TaHAG1-mediated ROS production pathway is involved in salt tolerance difference of wheat accessions with varying ploidy. Our findings provide insight into the molecular mechanism of how an epigenetic regulatory factor facilitates adaptability of polyploidy wheat and highlights this epigenetic modulator as a strategy for salt tolerance breeding in bread wheat.

scholarly journals Novel hypergravity treatment enhances root phenotype and positively influences physio-biochemical parameters in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Basavalingayya K. Swamy ◽  
Ravikumar Hosamani ◽  
Malarvizhi Sathasivam ◽  
S. S. Chandrashekhar ◽  
Uday G. Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Physiological Benefits

AbstractHypergravity—an evolutionarily novel environment has been exploited to comprehend the response of living organisms including plants in the context of extra-terrestrial applications. Recently, researchers have shown that hypergravity induces desired phenotypic variability in seedlings. In the present study, we tested the utility of hypergravity as a novel tool in inducing reliable phenotype/s for potential terrestrial crop improvement applications. To investigate, bread wheat seeds (UAS-375 genotype) were subjected to hypergravity treatment (10×g for 12, and 24 h), and evaluated for seedling vigor and plant growth parameters in both laboratory and greenhouse conditions. It was also attempted to elucidate the associated biochemical and hormonal changes at different stages of vegetative growth. Resultant data revealed that hypergravity treatment (10×g for 12 h) significantly enhanced root length, root volume, and root biomass in response to hypergravity. The robust seedling growth phenotype may be attributed to increased alpha-amylase and TDH enzyme activities observed in seeds treated with hypergravity. Elevated total chlorophyll content and Rubisco (55 kDa) protein expression across different stages of vegetative growth in response to hypergravity may impart physiological benefits to wheat growth. Further, hypergravity elicited robust endogenous phytohormones dynamics in root signifying altered phenotype/s. Collectively, this study for the first time describes the utility of hypergravity as a novel tool in inducing reliable root phenotype that could be potentially exploited for improving wheat varieties for better water usage management.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Novel Molecular Marker Associated with the Tan Spot Disease Response in Wheat

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 513
Author(s):  
Pao Theen See ◽  
Caroline S. Moffat
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Disease Score ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Disease Response ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Tan Spot Disease

After nearly 40 years of DNA molecular marker development in plant breeding, the wheat research community has amassed an extensive collection of molecular markers which have been widely and successfully used for selection of agronomic, physiological and disease resistance traits in wheat breeding programs. Tan spot is a major fungal disease of wheat and a significant global economic challenge and is caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Ptr). Here, the potential for using a PCR-based marker (Ta1AS3422) present on the short arm of wheat chromosome 1A, was evaluated for effectiveness in distinguishing tan spot disease susceptibility. The marker was initially screened against 40 commercial Australian hexaploid wheat varieties, and those that amplified the marker had an overall lower disease score (2.8 ± 0.7 for seedlings and 2.4 ± 0.4 for plants at the tillering stage), compared to those lacking the marker which exhibited a higher disease score (3.6 ± 0.8 for both growth stages). The potential of Ta1AS3422 as a marker for the tan spot disease response was further assessed against a panel of 100 commercial Australian hexaploid wheat varieties. A significant association was observed between marker absence/presence and tan spot disease rating (Pearson’s chi-squared test, χ2 (6) = 20.53, p = 0.002), with absence of Ta1AS3422 associated with susceptibility. This simple and cost-effective PCR-based marker may be useful for varietal improvement against tan spot, although further work is required to validate its effectiveness.

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