Faculty Opinions recommendation of Salmonella infection of gallbladder epithelial cells drives local inflammation and injury in a model of acute typhoid fever.

FollowingSalmonellainvasion, intestinal epithelial cells release a distinct array of proinflammatory cytokines. Interleukin (IL)-6 produced by enterocytes may have anti-inflammatory and cell-protective effects, and may counteract some of the injurious effects of sepsis and endotoxemia. Recent studies in a variety of rodent models of experimental colitis by using PJ-34, a potent poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) inhibitor, support the concept that the marked beneficial effect of PJ-34 can be exploited to treat human inflammatory diseases. The present study was to investigate the effect of PJ-34 onSalmonella-induced enterocyte IL-6 production and its mechanisms. We found that PJ-34 enhanced Salmonella-induced IL-6 production in Caco-2 cells, either secreted protein or mRNA expression. PJ-34 treatment enhanced the activity of NF-κB inSalmonella-infected Caco-2 cells. Besides, the involvement of PJ-34 in up-regulating IL-6 production in S. typhimurium-infected Caco-2 cells might be also through the ERK but not p38 MAPK, JNK or PI3K/Akt pathways, as demonstrated by Western blot of phosphorylated ERK, p38, JNK and Akt proteins. It suggests that PJ-34 may exert its protective effect on intestinal epithelial cells against invasive Salmonella infection by up-regulating IL-6 production through ERK and NF-κB but not P38 MAPK, JNK or PI3K/Akt signal pathways.

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Salmonella – still a threat? Epidemiological analysis of infecion

Journal of Education, Health and Sport ◽

10.12775/jehs.2021.11.08.004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 38-43

Author(s):

Kinga Ruszel ◽

Robert Dubel ◽

Wiktoria Chodun ◽

Barbara Nieradko-Iwanicka

Keyword(s):

Typhoid Fever ◽

Food Poisoning ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Salmonella Infection ◽

Salmonella Infections ◽

Food Borne ◽

Lost Productivity ◽

Food Borne Illness ◽

Contaminated Food ◽

Infected Cells

Salmonella infection causes morbidity and mortality throughout the world with the host immune response varying depending on whether the infection is acute and limited, or systemic and chronic. Global Salmonella infection, especially in developing countries, is a health and economic burden. These pathogen are responsible for millions of cases of food-borne illness each year, with substantial costs measured in hospitalizations and lost productivity. The growing number of bacteria resistant to the antibiotics commonly used to treat infections with this bacterium increases the use of alternative treatments. The species Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are the most commonly used probiotics to treat infectious diseases, including antibiotic diarrhea and traveler's diarrhea.It is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and facultative anaerobic bacterium. However, they have the ability to survive inside infected cells. These bacteria cause various clinical forms of disease. The most dangerous sticks of typhoid fever (Salmonella typhi) and paradurium (Salmonella paratyphi) multiply only in the human body and cause a very serious infectious disease - typhoid fever. In turn, non-malignant salmonella, Salmonella bongori and countless serological varieties of Salmonella enterica colonize the digestive tract of many animal species and are pathogenic to humans, causing gastroenteritis, i.e. acute salmonellosis, sometimes classified as food poisoning. All Salmonella infections begin with ingestion with contaminated food or water.

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Selected Lactobacillus strains isolated from sugary and milk kefir reduce Salmonella infection of epithelial cells in vitro

Beneficial Microbes ◽

10.3920/bm2015.0196 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 585-595 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

L. Zavala ◽

M.A. Golowczyc ◽

K. van Hoorde ◽

M. Medrano ◽

G. Huys ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Surface Properties ◽

Cell Damage ◽

Antagonistic Effect ◽

Salmonella Infection ◽

High Adhesion ◽

Probiotic Strains ◽

Cytoskeleton Disruption ◽

Lactobacillus Kefiri

The isolation of potentially probiotic strains and the subsequent study of their properties are very important steps to gain insight in the health benefits ascribed to sugary and milk kefir. The aim of the present study was to characterise fifteen Lactobacillus strains isolated from these beverages by determining some surface properties and their ability to antagonise enterocyte cell damage after Salmonella infection in vitro. Lactobacillus surface properties were determined by hydrophobicity, autoaggregation, and coaggregation assays with Salmonella. In addition, lactobacilli adhesion to Caco-2/TC-7 cells and the effect on Salmonella invasion were evaluated. Finally, the disassembly of F-actin cytoskeleton on intestinal epithelial cells was assayed in vitro when Salmonella infection was performed in the presence of selected Lactobacillus strains. Ten out of the 15 strains showed a high adhesion capacity to Caco-2/TC-7 cells. Most of the strains were hydrophilic and non-autoaggregating. Strains isolated from sugary kefir were non-coaggregating with Salmonella, while strains Lactobacillus paracasei CIDCA 83120, 83121, 83123, 83124, 8339, 83102 isolated from milk kefir were able to coaggregate after 1 h. L. paracasei CIDCA 8339 and Lactobacillus kefiri CIDCA 83102 were able to diminish Salmonella invasion to the enterocytes. An antagonistic effect on cytoskeleton disruption elicited by the pathogen was also demonstrated. Our results suggest that both strains isolated from milk kefir could be considered as appropriate probiotic candidates.

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Secondary infection of amoeba and typhoid fever in severe malnourished pediatric patient with Type I choledocal cyst: a case report

Oxford Medical Case Reports ◽

10.1093/omcr/omaa111 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Riyadi Adrizain ◽

Aprimadhansari ◽

Vita Indriasari ◽

Dikki Drajat Kusmayadi ◽

Djatnika Setiabudi

Keyword(s):

Typhoid Fever ◽

Liver Abscess ◽

Secondary Infection ◽

Splenic Abscess ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Type I ◽

Salmonella Infection ◽

Double Infection ◽

Extraintestinal Manifestation ◽

Extraintestinal Complications

ABSTRACT Amebiasis is caused by the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica. Extraintestinal amebiasis manifestation includes liver abscess and other rare manifestations involving the lungs, heart and brain. Liver abscess is the most common extraintestinal manifestation. Only few cases of amebic splenic abscess and two cases of gall bladder abscess have been reported. Typhoid fever is an infection caused by Salmonella typhi. It can cause extraintestinal complications such as myocarditis, endocarditis, pneumonia, empyema, osteomyelitis, arthritis, cholecystitis, spleen abscess and liver abscess. Choledocal cyst is a congenital dilation of the biliary branch. If left untreated, it can cause morbidity from cholangitis, cyst perforation, liver failure and malignancy. Until now, there is no publication about double infection of amebic and salmonella infection in a child with choledocal cyst.

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Downregulation of ITGB4 expression on airway epithelial cells regulates the local inflammation response

Regulatory Peptides ◽

10.1016/j.regpep.2012.05.053 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 177 ◽

pp. S26

Author(s):

C. Liu ◽

X.Q. Qin ◽

Y. Xiang ◽

H.J. Liu ◽

Y. Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Airway Epithelial Cells ◽

Airway Epithelial ◽

Local Inflammation ◽

Inflammation Response

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Contribution of the stg Fimbrial Operon of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi during Interaction with Human Cells

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.00674-07 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 75 (11) ◽

pp. 5264-5271 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Chantal Forest ◽

Sébastien P. Faucher ◽

Katherine Poirier ◽

Sébastien Houle ◽

Charles M. Dozois ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Typhoid Fever ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Stop Codon ◽

Premature Stop Codon ◽

Etiologic Agent ◽

Host Cells ◽

Human Macrophages ◽

Serovar Typhimurium ◽

K 12

ABSTRACT Salmonella serovars contain a wide variety of putative fimbrial systems that may contribute to colonization of specific niches. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is the etiologic agent of typhoid fever and is a pathogen specific to humans. In a previous study, we identified a gene, STY3920 (stgC), encoding the predicted usher of the stg fimbrial operon, that was expressed by serovar Typhi during infection of human macrophages. The stg genes are located in the glmS-pstS intergenic region in serovar Typhi and certain Escherichia coli strains, but they are absent in other S. enterica serovars. We cloned the stg fimbrial operon into a nonfimbriate E. coli K-12 strain and into S. enterica serovar Typhimurium. We demonstrated that the stg fimbrial operon contributed to increased adherence to human epithelial cells. Transcriptional fusion assays with serovar Typhi suggested that stg is preferentially expressed in minimal medium. Deletion of stg reduced adherence of serovar Typhi to epithelial cells. However, deletion of stg increased uptake of serovar Typhi by human macrophages, and overexpression of stg in serovar Typhi and serovar Typhimurium strains reduced phagocytosis by human macrophages. These strains survived inside macrophages as well as the wild-type parent. Although the stgC gene contains a premature stop codon that disrupts the expected open reading frame encoding the usher and is therefore considered a pseudogene, our results show that the stg operon may encode a functional fimbria. Thus, this serovar Typhi-specific fimbrial operon contributes to interactions with host cells, and further characterization is important for understanding the role of the stg fimbrial cluster in typhoid fever pathogenesis.

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Pattern Recognition Receptor-initiated Innate Immune Responses in mouse Prostatic Epithelial Cells

Biology of Reproduction ◽

10.1093/biolre/ioab076 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoqin Yu ◽

Ran Chen ◽

Fei Wang ◽

Weihua Liu ◽

Wenjing Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pattern Recognition ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Pattern Recognition Receptor ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Poly I:C ◽

Innate Immune Responses ◽

Local Inflammation ◽

Recognition Receptor

Abstract Three major pathogenic states of the prostate, including benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer, and prostatitis, are related to the local inflammation. However, the mechanisms underlying the initiation of prostate inflammation remain largely unknown. Given that the innate immune responses of the tissue-specific cells to microbial infection or auto-antigens contribute to local inflammation, this study focused on pattern recognition receptor (PRR)-initiated innate immune responses in mouse prostatic epithelial cells (PECs). Primary mouse PECs abundantly expressed Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), TLR4, TLR5, melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) and p204. These PRRs can be activated by their respective ligands: lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and flagellin of Gram-negative bacteria for TLR4 and TLR5, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) for TLR3 and MDA5, and herpes simplex virus DNA analog (HSV60) for p204. LPS and flagellin predominantly induced the expression of inflammatory cytokines, including TNFA, IL6, MCP1, and CXCL10. Poly(I:C) and HSV60 predominantly induced the expression of type 1 interferons (IFNA and IFNB) and antiviral proteins: Mx GTPase 1, 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase 1, and IFN-stimulated gene 15. The replication of mumps virus in PECs was inhibited by type 1 IFN signaling. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms underlying innate immune response in the prostate.

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Modifications Influencing Widal Test Reactivity in a Novel Microplate Assay

Polish Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.33073/pjm-2012-017 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 137-142

Author(s):

ADEL ALMOGREN ◽

ZAHID SHAKOOR ◽

MUSTAFA HUSSEIN ADAM ◽

MOHAMMAD OSMAN GADELRAB ◽

HASSAN ABDULAZIZ MUSA

Keyword(s):

Typhoid Fever ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Agglutination Test ◽

University Hospital ◽

Heat Inactivation ◽

The Novel ◽

Microplate Assay ◽

Widal Test ◽

Salmonella Infection ◽

The Subject

Reliability of the Widal tube agglutination test has been the subject of many controversies over the years. This study was performed to assess the effect of certain modifications on the performance of Widal test in a novel microplate assay. Sera from 37 patients (21 males; 16 females) (mean age 28 +/- 7 years) were tested in the Immunology Unit at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh. Among them were 26 patients with suspected typhoid fever and 11 had bacteriologically confirmed diagnosis of Salmonella infection. The modifications included either the use of 0.5% bovine serum albumin (BSA), absorption of sera with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) or heat inactivation of sera. Compared with Widal tube agglutination test, microplate assay with SRBC absorption of the sera from patients with suspected typhoid fever was not only associated with enhancement of detection titers for both H (p < or = 0.001) and O (p < or = 0.005) Salmonella agglutinins but also the percentage of reactivity. The presence of BSA augmented detection titers for Salmonella H agglutinins (p < or = 0.02) only. Heat inactivation of sera however was found to be associated with reduction in the detectable titers for both H (p < or = 0.03) and O (p < or = 0.01) agglutinins. Increased titers of Salmonella agglutinins were also evident in 11 patients with confirmed diagnosis of Salmonella infection. The novel microplate agglutination assay using the SRBC absorption was associated with enhancement in Widal test reactivity and appears to be a useful alternative for the diagnosis of Salmonella infection.

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