Faculty Opinions recommendation of Results provide information about cumulative probabilities of finding significance: let’s report this information.

Abstract Background Clinical relapses are common in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). The aim of this systematic review was to estimate time-point prevalence and risk factors of relapse. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases from their inception to March 30, 2020. Cohorts and post-hoc studies were included for the estimation of summary cumulative relapse rates (CRRs) and adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Sensitivity and meta-regression analyses were also performed. Results Of the 42 eligible studies, 24 studies with 6236 participants were used for the pooled analyses of CRRs. The summary 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year CRRs were 0.12 (95% CI, 0.10–0.14), 0.33 (0.29–0.38), and 0.47 (0.42–0.52), respectively. In meta-regressions, the baseline age was positively associated with 1-year CRR. The proportion of granulomatosis with polyangiitis was positively associated with 5-year CRR. Twenty-eight studies with 5390 participants were used for the meta-analysis of risk factors for relapse, including a lower level of baseline serum creatine, proteinase 3 (PR3)-ANCA positivity at diagnosis, an ANCA rise, extrarenal organ involvement (including lung, cardiovascular, upper respiratory, and gastrointestinal involvement), intravenous (vs oral) cyclophosphamide induction, a shorter course of immunosuppressant maintenance, and maintenance with mycophenolate mofetil (vs azathioprine). Conclusions Our systematic review demonstrated that the 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year cumulative probabilities of relapse were ∼12%, 33%, and 47% in AAV patients receiving cyclophosphamide induction, respectively. Early identification of risk factors for relapse is helpful to the risk stratification of patients so as to achieve personalized treatment.

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Multiple-cumulative probabilities used to cluster and visualize transcriptomes

FEBS Open Bio ◽

10.1002/2211-5463.12327 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 2008-2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xingang Jia ◽

Yisu Liu ◽

Qiuhong Han ◽

Zuhong Lu

Keyword(s):

Cumulative Probabilities

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Primary slow-coagulation transscleral cyclophotocoagulation laser treatment for medically recalcitrant neovascular glaucoma

British Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-319757 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. bjophthalmol-2021-319757

Author(s):

Mohamed M Khodeiry ◽

Alison J Lauter ◽

Mohamed S Sayed ◽

Ying Han ◽

Richard K Lee

Keyword(s):

Continuous Wave ◽

Surgical Intervention ◽

Neovascular Glaucoma ◽

Primary Outcome Measure ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Slow Coagulation ◽

Minimum Angle ◽

Transscleral Cyclophotocoagulation ◽

Cumulative Probabilities

AimsTo report treatment outcomes of slow-coagulation continuous-wave transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (TSCPC) as an initial surgical intervention in patients with neovascular glaucoma (NVG).MethodsA retrospective study including 53 patients (mean age of 69.6±16.6 years and mean follow-up of 12.7±8.9 months) with a diagnosis of NVG and no previous incisional glaucoma or cyclophotocoagulation surgeries. All patients underwent slow-coagulation continuous-wave TSCPC (1250-milliwatt power and 4-second duration).Primary outcome measure was surgical success defined as an intraocular pressure (IOP) from 6 to 21 mm Hg with a reduction ≥20% from baseline, no reoperation for glaucoma and no loss of light perception vision. Secondary outcome measures include IOP, glaucoma medications, visual acuity (VA) and complications.ResultsIOP decreased from 40.7±8.6 mm Hg preoperatively to 18.4±12.2 mm Hg postoperatively (p<0.001). The preoperative number of glaucoma medications dropped from 3.3±1.1 at baseline to 2.0±1.5 at the last postoperative visit (p<0.001). The cumulative probabilities of success at 12 and 24 months were 71.7% and 64.2 %, respectively. Mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution VA was relatively unchanged from 2.27±0.63 to 2.25±0.66 at the last follow-up visit (p=0.618). The most common observed complications were decrease in baseline VA (13.2%) and anterior chamber inflammation (9.4%).ConclusionsSlow-coagulation TSCPC is an effective and relatively safe initial surgical intervention in medically uncontrolled NVG.

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Analysis of cumulative probabilities shows that the efficacy of 5HT3 antagonist prophylaxis is not maintained.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.1996.14.2.644 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 644-651 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

R de Wit ◽

P I Schmitz ◽

J Verweij ◽

M de Boer-Dennert ◽

P H de Mulder ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Statistical Approach ◽

High Dose ◽

Conditional Probabilities ◽

Delayed Emesis ◽

Acute Emesis ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Three State Model ◽

5Ht3 Antagonists ◽

Transitional Probabilities ◽

Cumulative Probabilities

PURPOSE Several investigators have reported that the efficacy of 5HT3 receptor antagonists is maintained over repeated cycles of chemotherapy. These investigators presented conditional probabilities of protection. Because conditional analyses by definition only include patients with protection in previous cycles, the results are flattered. PATIENTS AND METHODS We applied a novel statistical approach to investigate whether the efficacy of the 5HT3 receptor antagonist ICS 205-930 (tropisetron) is maintained over repeated cycles of weekly high-dose cisplatin. Overall protection was determined based on cumulative probabilities with the Kaplan-Meier method. Complete protection was calculated with a three state model for transitional probabilities. Eighty-three patients were studied. RESULTS Over six consecutive cycles, protection against both acute and delayed emesis decreased significantly. The initial complete and overall protection rates against acute emesis of 71% and 95%, respectively, decreased to 43% and 72% in the sixth cycle of chemotherapy. Similarly, the protection rates of 31% and 68% against delayed emesis decreased to 6% and 40%, respectively. CONCLUSION We conclude that overall and complete long-term protection is more accurately measured by cumulative probabilities than with a method that is based on conditional probabilities. Our statistical approach shows that the efficacy of 5HT3 antagonists is not maintained.

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Natalizumab treatment shows low cumulative probabilities of confirmed disability worsening to EDSS milestones in the long-term setting

Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.msard.2018.04.020 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 11-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Maria Trojano ◽

Helmut Butzkueven ◽

Ludwig Kappos ◽

Heinz Wiendl ◽

Tim Spelman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natalizumab Treatment ◽

Cumulative Probabilities

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P665 Which second-line biologic after anti-TNF failure during Crohn’s disease: Ustekinumab or vedolizumab, a multicentre retrospective study

Journal of Crohn s and Colitis ◽

10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz203.793 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S547-S547 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C Rayer ◽

X Roblin ◽

D Laharie ◽

B Caron ◽

M Flamant ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crohn’S Disease ◽

Side Effects ◽

Crohn's Disease ◽

Clinical Response ◽

Risk Model ◽

Second Line ◽

Faecal Calprotectin ◽

Drug Survival ◽

Cumulative Probabilities

Abstract Background Anti-TNF antibodies treatments are the only first-line reimbursed biologics for Crohn’s disease (CD) in several countries. Recently, Vedolizumab (VDZ) and Ustekinumab (UST) were added to the therapeutic armamentarium for CD refractory to a first anti-TNF antibody. However, studies comparing these two compounds remain unavailable. Our aim was to compare their efficacy in second-line treatment in CD after failure of one TNF antagonist. Methods All patients with CD refractory (primary or secondary non-responders) to first anti-TNF treatment and receiving UST or VDZ as a second biologic were included retrospectively in 10 French tertiary centres. The remission and clinical response were assessed at week 14. On the long-term, the cumulative probabilities of being in remission were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and the associated factors using a Cox proportional risk model. The drug survival to assess efficacy as well as side effects was assessed by actuarial analysis. Results 88 patients were included, 50 (57%) females (mean age: 41 ± 15 years), 61 (69%) being treated with UST and 27 (31%) with VDZ. The first anti-TNF was discontinued for primary or secondary non-response in 66 (75%) patients and for side effects in 22 (25%) patients, without any difference between the anti-TNF antibody previously used. Among the 55 patients with endoscopic data at baseline, 55 (98%) had ulceration, a CRP above 5mg/l for 33/71 (46%) patients and a faecal calprotectin > 250 µg/g for the 12 patients tested. At week 14, no difference was observed for clinical response and clinical remission according to the type of treatment: the rate of clinical response and remission were 74% (UST)/58% (VDZ) (p = 0.20) and 33% (UST)/26% (VDZ) (p = 0.56), respectively. The only factor associated with short-term remission was the lack of optimisation prior to anti-TNF discontinuation (p = 0.038) regardless of the type of second-line therapy (UST, p = 0.02; VDZ, p = 0.03). After a mean follow-up of 67 weeks, the cumulative probabilities of being in remission at 6 and 12 months were 16% and 34% for UST and 25% and 44% for VDZ, respectively (p = 0.24 for UST vs. VDZ). The drug survival was higher in the UST group as compared with the VDZ group (HR (UST vs. VDZ) = 2.36 [1.02–5.5], p = 0.04). Conclusion Our preliminary results suggest that VDZ and UST have similar efficacy in the short- and long-term response when used as a second-line biologic therapy in CD refractory to a first anti-TNF antibody. These results will be complemented for the congress by the inclusion of additional patients recruited into this registry.

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Dynamics of Mean-Variance-Skewness of Cumulative Crop Yield Impact Temporal Yield Variance

International Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1155/2011/426582 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Abdullah A. Jaradat

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Yield Data ◽

Production Risk ◽

The Mean ◽

Conventional Ct ◽

Mean Variance ◽

Constant Yield ◽

Cumulative Probabilities

Farmers' decision to adopt new management or production system depends on production risk. Grain yield data was used to assess production risk in a field experiment composed of two cropping systems (CNV and ORG), each with eight subsystems (two levels each of crop rotation (2-yr and 4-yr), tillage management (conventional, CT and strip, ST), and fertilizer input (fertilized, YF and non-fertilized, NF)). Statistical moments, cumulative yield (CY), temporal yield variance (TYV) and coefficient of variation (CV) were used to assess the risk associated with adopting combinations of new management practices in CNV and ORG. The mean-variance-skewness (M-V-S) statistics derived from yield data separated all 16 subsystems into three clusters. Both cropping systems and clustered subsystems differed as to their ability to maintain a constant yield over years, displayed different yield cumulative probabilities, exhibited significant and different M-V-S relationships, and differed as to the reliability of estimating TYV as a function of CY. Results indicated that differences in management among cropping systems and subsystems contributed differently to the goal of achieving yield potential as estimated by the cumulative density function, and that certain low-input management practices caused a positive shift in yield distribution, and may lower TYV and reduce production risk.

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Time to seroconversion of HBsAg to anti-HBs in individuals who lost HBsAg during follow-up

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268816001217 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 144 (12) ◽

pp. 2648-2653 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M. R. H. ROUSHAN ◽

M. MOHAMMADPOUR ◽

M. BAIANY ◽

S. SOLEIMANI ◽

A. BIJANI

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Surface Antigen ◽

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽

Liver Function Tests ◽

Hbsag Clearance ◽

Positive Antibody ◽

B Virus ◽

The Mean ◽

Cumulative Probabilities

SUMMARYTo determine the time to appearance of antibody against hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) after clearance of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in chronically infected individuals, we followed up 3963 cases with positive antibody against hepatitis B e antigen (anti-HBe) from 1991 to 2014. Of these, 101 (67 males, 34 females) lost HBsAg. These serocleared cases were checked every 6-month interval regarding HBsAg, anti-HBs, liver function tests, and liver sonography. Hepatitis B virus DNA was assessed at the time of seroclearance or the appearance of anti-HBs. The mean age of these patients at entry to this study was 34·4 ± 13 years. The mean follow-up duration until seroclearance of HBsAg was 6·6 ± 4·3 years. After the mean follow-up of 43·7 ± 45 months, anti-HBs appeared in 64 (63·4%) cases. The cumulative probabilities of anti-HBs appearance for 2, 5 and 10 years were 24·3%, 58% and 78·2%, respectively. The appearance of anti-HBs was associated with age ⩾35 years and seroclearance of HBsAg (hazard ratio 1·96, 95% confidence interval 1·32–3·38,P= 0·016) but not with sex. The results show that anti-HBs may develop in 78·2% of cases within 10 years of HBsAg clearance. Age ⩾35 years at HBsAg loss was associated with earlier development of anti-HBs.

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The Distribution of Yin-Deficient Symptoms and Their Relationship on Survival Rate in Cancer Patients with Yin-Deficiency

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x08006120 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 36 (04) ◽

pp. 655-663 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Shu-Chuan Lin ◽

Ming-Feng Chen ◽

Tsai-Chung Li ◽

Yu-Ho Hsieh ◽

Shwu-Jiuan Liu

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Rank Test ◽

Yin Deficiency ◽

Rate Analysis ◽

Log Rank Test ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Product Limit ◽

Cumulative Probabilities

Yin-Deficiency (YD), representing a status of the human body under lack of nutrition and fluid in traditional Chinese medicine, is commonly seen in late stage of cancer patients. It is not known whether the severity of YD related symptoms/signs can predict the survival rate of cancer patients. This study evaluated the distribution of Yin-deficiency symptoms/signs (YDS) in cancer patients with YD, and investigated whether the severity of YDS can predict the survival rate of cancer patients with YD. From 5 January 2007 to 5 May 2007, we selected 43 cancer patients with diagnosis of YD from hospitalized patients and outpatients. The severity of YD was evaluated by a questionnaire. We further estimated the cumulative probabilities of the survival rates over 4 months since the start of study by the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method, and compared the differences among groups with various severities in each symptom/sign with the use of the log-rank test. The results revealed that, the 3 most common YDS were sleeplessness with annoyance, less or non-coated tongue with or without redness and dry mouth. In the survival rate analysis, only 2 parameters, rapidly small pulse (p = 0.002) and less-or non-coated tongue with paleness (p = 0.017), were found to be related to the decrease of cancer patients with YD. This suggests that, both rapidly small pulse and less-or non-coated tongue without redness may be used as predictors for the estimation of survival rate in cancer patients with YD.

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DETERMINANTS OF CONTRACEPTIVE DISCONTINUATION IN SIX DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932099003430 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 343-360 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

MOHAMED ALI ◽

JOHN CLELAND

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Developing Countries ◽

Phase I ◽

Family Size ◽

Demographic Factors ◽

Fertility Preferences ◽

Prior Use ◽

Contraceptive Discontinuation ◽

Using Data ◽

Cumulative Probabilities

This analysis investigates the determinants of contraceptive discontinuation in six developing countries, using data from Phase I surveys of the DHS programme. Cumulative probabilities of discontinuation at 24 months for reasons other than the desire for another child were examined. By this time, typically about 40% of couples have stopped use and most are subsequently at risk of an unwanted conception. Discontinuation of IUD use was found to be less common than for other methods, partly perhaps because cessation of use requires a deliberate decision to have the device removed.The most important results are negative ones. Neither the schooling of couples nor their type of residence exerted appreciable influence on discontinuation. The policy and programme implications are discussed. Prior use of a method, fertility preferences and the related demographic factors of age and family size emerged as pervasive predictors of discontinuation.

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