DETERMINANTS OF CONTRACEPTIVE DISCONTINUATION IN SIX DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

1999 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHAMED ALI ◽  
JOHN CLELAND
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Fertility Preferences ◽  
Prior Use ◽  
Contraceptive Discontinuation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Cumulative Probabilities

This analysis investigates the determinants of contraceptive discontinuation in six developing countries, using data from Phase I surveys of the DHS programme. Cumulative probabilities of discontinuation at 24 months for reasons other than the desire for another child were examined. By this time, typically about 40% of couples have stopped use and most are subsequently at risk of an unwanted conception. Discontinuation of IUD use was found to be less common than for other methods, partly perhaps because cessation of use requires a deliberate decision to have the device removed.The most important results are negative ones. Neither the schooling of couples nor their type of residence exerted appreciable influence on discontinuation. The policy and programme implications are discussed. Prior use of a method, fertility preferences and the related demographic factors of age and family size emerged as pervasive predictors of discontinuation.

A Note on Desired Family Size and Contraceptive use in Rural Egypt

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Shannon Stokes ◽  
Wayne A. Schutjer ◽  
John R. Poindexter
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Fertility Preferences ◽  
Fertility Preference ◽  
Egyptian Women ◽  
Desired Family Size

SummaryThe influence of fertility preferences on contraceptive use is examined among a sample of low income, rural Egyptian women. The findings reveal that while overall use of contraceptives was at modest levels, one-third of respondents who wanted no more children were currently practising contraception. Moreover, fertility preference emerged as the strongest predictor of contraception among the series of social and demographic factors examined.

Early Identification of Youth at Risk for Suicidal Behavior

Crisis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 326-332
Author(s):  
Ivonne Andrea Florez ◽  
Devon LoParo ◽  
Nakia Valentine ◽  
Dorian A. Lamis
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Youth At Risk ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Lethal Means

Abstract. Background: Early identification and appropriate referral services are priorities to prevent suicide. Aims: The aim of this study was to describe patterns of identification and referrals among three behavioral health centers and determine whether youth demographic factors and type of training received by providers were associated with identification and referral patterns. Method: The Early Identification Referral Forms were used to gather the data of interest among 820 youth aged 10–24 years who were screened for suicide risk (females = 53.8%). Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regressions were conducted to examine significant associations. Results: Significant associations between gender, race, and age and screening positive for suicide were found. Age and race were significantly associated with different patterns of referrals and/or services received by youths. For providers, being trained in Counseling on Access to Lethal Means was positively associated with number of referrals to inpatient services. Limitations: The correlational nature of the study and lack of information about suicide risk and comorbidity of psychiatric symptoms limit the implications of the findings. Conclusion: The results highlight the importance of considering demographic factors when identifying and referring youth at risk to ensure standard yet culturally appropriate procedures to prevent suicide.

Siblings and Illness

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah Sawyer Vanderwerp
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Using Data

Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth-Mother and Child samples, I investigated the relationships among child and adolescent depressive symptoms, having a chronically ill sibling, and other child and familial demographic variables. From research on social support and social role transitions, with the Stress Process as a theoretical model, I hypothesized that children with chronically ill siblings experience more depressive symptoms. Specifically, I looked at age, gender, birth order and family size as potentially reducing the effect size of having a chronically ill sibling. Findings showed that having a chronically ill sibling is associated with demonstrating more depressive symptoms both in the bivariate and multivariate analyses. Although age, gender, birth order and family size do not interact significantly with having a chronically ill sibling in predicting depressive symptoms, they do present interesting findings about childhood depressive symptoms in general. Thus, the results of this study suggest specific and meaningful paths for future research.

Demographic Factors Associated with Congenital Malformations Among Young Infants in Fallujah Maternity and Children Hospital, Fallujah City, Iraq

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Samira T.Abdulghani ◽  
Samira T.Abdulghani
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
History Of

Background: Congenital anomalies are a major cause of infant morbidity and mortality in developing countries including our country. Registries and data on these anomalies are still primitive and poorly collated. In this study we aimed to assess the important demographic factors associated with the development of congenital anomalies. Methods: This was a cross-sectional hospital-based study involving 880 infants in the 1st year of life registered in the birth defect unit in Fallujah Maternity and Children Hospital in the period between 1st of January 2017 to the 31st of December 2019. The prevalence rate, the pattern of anomalies and the factors associated with their occurrence were determined. Results: The prevalence rate of the group enrolled in this study was 31/1000 total births, congenital heart defects was the commonest followed by central nervous system anomalies, 58% of the infants were males, 65% had ≥ 2.5 kg birth weight & 95% were singletons. Family history of congenital anomalies was found in 31.25% of cases. The largest group of mothers (55.7%) were 21-30 years old & 92.5% of fathers were less than 45 years old. Parental consanguinity reported in 64.3% of the total cases. Only 4.5% of mothers reported history of fever during pregnancy, and none of them had history of exposure to x-ray or teratogenic drug use. Gestational hypertension was reported in 10% of the total (880) mothers, hypertension and diabetes mellitus in 0.3%, while hepatitis C, hepatitis B, toxoplasmosis and epilepsy, each was reported in only one mother (0.1% of the total). Regarding the outcome of pregnancy, 66.6% were live births, 24.2% were abortions and 9.2% were stillbirths. History of previous abortions was reported in 22% of cases. Urban residents accounted for 63% of the families of congenitally abnormal infants while 37% were rural. Conclusion: Congenital anomalies are still a major cause for concern and tension in Fallujah society, there is serious need to establish a surveillance and good statistical system for congenital anomalies and efforts should be made to raise awareness of their occurrence and the associated risk factors in Iraq and other developing countries.

scholarly journals Impacts of Electricity Outages in Urban Households in Developing Countries: A Case of Accra, Ghana

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3676
Author(s):  
Paul Nduhuura ◽  
Matthias Garschagen ◽  
Abdellatif Zerga
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Electricity Supply ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Urban Households ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Family Setting

Many developing countries in Africa face a “double tragedy” when it comes to electrification. Electricity access rates are low, while those who have access to electricity face frequent outages. There are ongoing efforts aimed at increasing access to electricity on the continent. However, the need to improve the reliability of electricity supply receives limited attention. Unreliable electricity impacts users by limiting electricity utilization and the benefits that should accrue from having an electricity connection. Using data from 496 household survey questionnaires, this study examines the impacts of electricity outages in urban households in Accra, Ghana. The study applies correlation and regression analyses to identify which household characteristics are associated with or predict households reporting outage impacts. Outages were found to impact household safety/security, access to food, and access to social services and were found to cause appliance damage as well. Factors that are significantly correlated with reporting certain outage impacts include respondent’s annual income and employment status, frequency of electricity outages, and household size. Significant predictors of reporting outage impacts are socioeconomic disadvantage, high exposure to outages, and living in a large family setting. The study’s findings underscore the need for interventions to eliminate, or at least minimize, electricity supply interruptions in developing countries if sustainable social and economic development is to be achieved.

scholarly journals Paranoid styles and innumeracy: implications of a conspiracy mindset on Europeans' misperceptions about immigrants

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Sergio Martini ◽  
Mattia Guidi ◽  
Francesco Olmastroni ◽  
Linda Basile ◽  
Rossella Borri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Factors ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Democratic Accountability ◽  
Common Phenomenon ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
The Public ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Influence Perceptions ◽  
Western Democracies

Abstract Innumeracy, that is, the inability to deal with numbers and provide correct estimates about political issues, is reported to be widespread among the public. Yet, despite the recognition that a conspiracy mindset is an increasingly common phenomenon in Western democracies, this has not been considered as a potential correlate of innumeracy. Using data from an online sample of respondents across 10 European countries, we show that those with a higher propensity to hold a conspiracy worldview tend to overestimate the actual share of the immigrant population living in their own country. This association holds true when accounting for country heterogeneity and other cognitive, affective and socio-demographic factors. Employing a comparative design and refined measurements, the article contributes to our understanding of how a conspiracy mentality may influence perceptions of relevant political facts, questioning basic processes of democratic accountability.

Factors affecting desired family size in Bangladesh

1994 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kabir ◽  
Ruhul Amin ◽  
Ashraf Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Jamir Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Work Status ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Rural Bangladesh ◽  
Contraceptive Prevalence ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Desired Family Size

SummaryFactors affecting desired family size in rural Bangladesh are examined using data from contraceptive prevalence surveys conducted between 1983 and 1991. The analysis suggests that mothers having two sons and one daughter are more inclined to perceive their family as complete than those having three sons and no daughter. Logistic regression analysis indicates that important determinants of desire for more children are age of woman, current contraceptive use status, work status, and family planning worker's visit. The policy implications of these findings are discussed.

Children in Custody: 20-Year Trends in Juvenile Detention, Correctional, and Shelter Facilities

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradford Smith
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Violent Offenders ◽  
Juvenile Detention ◽  
Correctional Facilities ◽  
Residential Placement ◽  
Statistical Series ◽  
Juvenile Population ◽  
Juvenile Correctional Facilities ◽  
Using Data

Using data drawn from the Children in Custody (CIC) statistical series, this article presents 20-year trends (1) in the number and characteristics of juvenile correctional facilities, (2) in the number and characteristics of youth held in juvenile correctional facilities, and (3) in the costs of confinement of youth held in juvenile correctional facilities. A brief history and some of the limitations of the CIC data are presented. The new Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement that replaced CIC in 1997 is briefly described. The article concludes that, even after controlling for the size of the at-risk juvenile population and inflation, there were more juveniles, more males, more minorities, and more violent offenders in more crowded, secure, and costly juvenile correctional facilities in 1995 than there were in the preceding years.

scholarly journals Estimating the indirect prevalence of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting in Switzerland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Cottler-Casanova ◽  
Jasmine Abdulcadir
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
Prevalence Data ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
The Past ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Female Genital

Abstract ObjectiveTo update the indirect prevalence estimates for women and girls living with Female Genital Mutilation Cutting (FGM/C) in Switzerland, using data from the Swiss Federal Statistical Office of migrant women and girls born in one of the 30 high-prevalence FGM/C countries that are currently living in Switzerland. MethodsWe used Yoder and Van Baelen’s “Extrapolation of FGM/C Countries’ Prevalence Data” method, where we applied DHS and MICS prevalence figures from the 30 countries when FGM/C is practiced, and applied them to the immigrant women and girls living in Switzerland from the same 30 countries.ResultsIn 2010, the estimated indirect prevalence was 9,059 whereas in 2018, the estimated indirect prevalence was 21,706 women and girls living with or at risk of FGM/C.ConclusionOver the past decade, there have been significant increases in the number of estimated women and girls living with or at risk of FGM/C in Switzerland due to the increase in the total number of women and girls originally coming form the countries where the practice of FGM/C is traditional.

Method Related Attributes and Contraceptive Discontinuation: Results from A Prospective Study from Nairobi and Homa Bay Counties in Kenya.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohannes Dibaba Wado ◽  
Martin K. Mutua ◽  
George Odwe ◽  
Francis Obare ◽  
Kazuyo Machiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Competing Risk ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Fertility Preferences ◽  
Contraceptive Discontinuation

Abstract Background: Rates of contraceptive discontinuation are high in many low and middle countries contributing to unmet need for contraception and other adverse reproductive health outcomes. Few studies have investigated how method specific beliefs and strength of fertility preferences affect discontinuation rates. This study examines this question using primary data collected in Nairobi and Homa Bay counties in Kenya.Methods: We used data from two rounds of a longitudinal study of married women ages 15-39 years (2812 and 2424 women from Nairobi and Homa Bay respectively at round 1) from two communities in Kenya. Information on fertility preferences, past and current contraceptive behavior, and method-related beliefs about six modern contraceptive methods were collected, along with a monthly calendar of contraceptive use between the two interviews. The analysis focused on discontinuation of the two most commonly used methods in both sites, injectable and implants. We carry out competing risk survival analysis to identify which method related beliefs predict discontinuation among women using at the first round. Results: The percentages of episodes discontinued in the 12 months between the two rounds was 36%, with a higher rate of discontinuation in Homa Bay (43%) than in the Nairobi slums (32%) and higher for injectables than implants. Method related concerns and beliefs were the major self-reported reasons for discontinuation in both sites. The competing risk survival analysis showed that the probability of method related discontinuation of implants and injectables was significantly lower among respondents who believed that the methods do not cause serious health problems (SHR=0.78, 95% CI 0.62-0.98), do not interfere with regular menses (SHR=0.76, 95% CI 0.61 - 0.95) and do not cause unpleasant side effects (SHR=0.72, 95% CI 0.56-0.89). By contrast, there were no net effects of three method related beliefs that are commonly cited as obstacles to contraceptive use in African societies: safety for long-term use, ability to have children after stopping the method, and the approval of the husband.Conclusion: This study is unique in its examination of the effect of method specific beliefs on subsequent discontinuation for a method-related reason, using a longitudinal design. The single most important result is that concerns about serious health problems, which are largely unjustified and only moderately associated with beliefs about side effects, are a significant influence on discontinuation. The negative results for other beliefs show that the determinants of discontinuation differ from the determinants of method adoption and method choice.

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