Faculty Opinions recommendation of Association of plasma beta-amyloid level and cognitive reserve with subsequent cognitive decline.

BackgroundAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is often associated with cognitive and/or behavioural impairment. Cognitive reserve (CR) may play a protective role in offsetting cognitive impairment. This study examined the relationship between CR and longitudinal change in cognition in an Irish ALS cohort.MethodsLongitudinal neuropsychological assessment was carried out on 189 patients over 16 months using the Edinburgh cognitive and behavioural ALS screen (ECAS) and an additional battery of neuropsychological tests. CR was measured by combining education, occupation and physical activity data. Joint longitudinal and time-to-event models were fitted to investigate the associations between CR, performance at baseline and decline over time while controlling for non-random drop-out.ResultsCR was a significant predictor of baseline neuropsychological performance, with high CR patients performing better than those with medium or low CR. Better cognitive performance in high CR individuals was maintained longitudinally for ECAS, social cognition, executive functioning and confrontational naming. Patients displayed little cognitive decline over the course of the study, despite controlling for non-random drop-out.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that CR plays a role in the presentation of cognitive impairment at diagnosis but is not protective against cognitive decline. However, further research is needed to examine the interaction between CR and other objective correlates of cognitive impairment in ALS.

Download Full-text

P2-421: Indicators of Cognitive Reserve Moderate the Adverse Relationship Between Poor Diet Quality and Cognitive Decline in Independent Older Adults: The Nuage Study

Alzheimer s & Dementia ◽

10.1016/j.jalz.2016.06.1633 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. P806-P806

Author(s):

Matthew D. Parrott ◽

Alexandra J. Fiocco ◽

Pierre-Hugues Carmichael ◽

Nicole D. Anderson ◽

Danielle Laurin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Cognitive Reserve ◽

Poor Diet

Download Full-text

Friedrich Nietzsche: the wandering and learned neuropath under Dionisius

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/0004-282x20150125 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 73 (11) ◽

pp. 972-975

Author(s):

Marleide da Mota Gomes

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Decline ◽

Friedrich Nietzsche ◽

Disruptive Behavior ◽

Cognitive Reserve ◽

Disease Diagnosis ◽

Health Issues ◽

General Paresis ◽

Diagnostic Hypothesis ◽

The Moment ◽

Symptoms And Signs

Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) was a remarkable philologist-philosopher while remaining in a condition of ill-health. Issues about his wandering/disruptive behavior that might be a consequence and/or protection against his cognitive decline and multifaceted disease are presented. The life complex that raises speculations about its etiology is constituted by: insight, creativity and wandering behavior besides several symptoms and signs of disease(s), mainly neurological one. The most important issue to be considered at the moment is not the disease diagnosis (Lissauer’s general paresis or CADASIL, e.g.), but the probable Nietzsche’s great cognitive reserve linked to the multifactorial etiology (genetic and environmental), and shared characteristics both to creativity and psychopathology. This makes any disease seems especial regarding Nietzsche, and whichever the diagnostic hypothesis has to consider the Nietzsche’s unique background to express any disease(s).

Download Full-text

Cognitive reserve in elderly: neuropsychological aspects and the education role in the latest findings

Revista de Medicina ◽

10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v94i3p136-146 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 94 (3) ◽

pp. 136

Author(s):

João Gabriel Magalhães Dias ◽

Pablo Rodrigo Andrade da Silva ◽

Tânia Corrêa de Toledo Ferraz Alvez

Keyword(s):

Executive Function ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Cognitive Abilities ◽

Elderly Population ◽

Cognitive Reserve ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cortical Atrophy ◽

Print Exposure ◽

Cognitive Markers

The elderly population is growing worldwide, and therefore cognitive decline and dementia is a major problem for healthcare system. However, many elders do not develop dementia or significant cognitive impairment even though present brain lesions, such as cortical atrophy and/or lesions, leading to the concept of Cognitive Reserve (CR). The main objective of this review is to establish the recent findings of CR in elderly cognition and explore some of the cognitive markers related to CR. In order to accomplish that we carried out a search for papers published either in English or Portuguese language in the last 5 years in the Medline database using as keywords cognitive reserve, elderly and aging/ageing. We filtered 14 studies that specifically approached the neuropsychological aspects (e.g, memory, attention, orientation, executive function) and reviewed them in detail. Based on these papers regarding old-aged individuals, education appears to have several implications on CR by strengthening cognitive abilities, however does not appear to impact on cognitive decline. Besides, we realized that cognitive performance is one of the form to measure CR, even though the methods cannot be standardized, which may be the cause of some varied conclusions. Regarding CR, education was the most prevalent measure, and CR seems to have a beneficial effect on executive function and episodic memory and it seems to act by both neural reserve and neural compensation. Print exposure appears as a potential variable positively related to cognitive performance and CR.

Download Full-text

Cognitive reserve moderates the impact of subcortical gray matter atrophy on neuropsychological status in multiple sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis Journal ◽

10.1177/1352458515579443 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 36-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Claire M Modica ◽

Niels Bergsland ◽

Michael G Dwyer ◽

Deepa P Ramasamy ◽

Ellen Carl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Cognitive Processing ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Cognitive Reserve ◽

Cognitive Outcome ◽

Brain Reserve ◽

The Impact ◽

Normal Controls

Background: Cognitive decline is characterized in multiple sclerosis (MS), but the rate and severity vary. The reserve hypothesis proposes that baseline neurological differences impact cognitive outcome in neurodegenerative disease. Objective: To elucidate how brain reserve and cognitive reserve influence subcortical gray matter (SCGM) atrophy and cognitive decline in MS over 3 years. Methods: Seventy-one MS patients and 23 normal controls underwent magnetic resonance imaging and cognitive assessment at baseline and 3-year follow-up. The influence of reserve on cognitive processing speed (CPS) and memory was examined. Results: SCGM volume and cognitive scores were lower in MS than normal controls ( P⩽0.001). Accounting for baseline, comparison of follow-up means yielded a difference between groups in SCGM volume ( P<0.001) but not cognition (NS). Cognitive reserve ( P=0.005), but not brain reserve, contributed to CPS, with only low cognitive reserve MS subjects showing decline in CPS ( P=0.029). SCGM change predicted CPS outcome in MS with low cognitive reserve ( P=0.002) but not high cognitive reserve. There were no effects in the domain of memory. Conclusions: SCGM atrophy occurs in normal controls, but significantly more so in MS. While CPS did not change in normal controls, low cognitive reserve was associated with CPS decline in MS. High cognitive reserve protect MS patients from cognitive decline related to SCGM atrophy.

Download Full-text

RETROSPECTIVE COGNITIVE DECLINE IS ASSOCIATED WITH NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES AND BETA-AMYLOID PLAQUES MEASURED BY [F-18]MK-6240 AND [C-11]PIB IN LATE-MIDDLE AGED PERSONS CLINICALLY UNIMPAIRED AT BASELINE

Alzheimer s & Dementia ◽

10.1016/j.jalz.2019.06.052 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (7) ◽

pp. P242-P243

Author(s):

Tobey J. Betthauser ◽

Erin Jonaitis ◽

Rebecca L. Koscik ◽

Samantha L. Allison ◽

Karly Alex Cody ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Decline ◽

Neurofibrillary Tangles ◽

Amyloid Plaques ◽

Beta Amyloid ◽

Middle Aged

Download Full-text

Is education a demographic dividend? The role of cognitive reserve in dementia-related cognitive decline: a comparison of six longitudinal studies of ageing

The Lancet ◽

10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00863-6 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 386 ◽

pp. S25 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dorina Cadar ◽

Blossom C M Stephan ◽

Carol Jagger ◽

Nikhil Sharma ◽

Carole Dufouil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Decline ◽

Longitudinal Studies ◽

Cognitive Reserve ◽

Demographic Dividend

Download Full-text

Role of cognitive reserve in cognitive variability in euthymic individuals with bipolar disorder: cross-sectional cluster analysis

BJPsych Open ◽

10.1192/bjo.2020.111 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Dimosthenis Tsapekos ◽

Rebecca Strawbridge ◽

Tim Mantingh ◽

Matteo Cella ◽

Til Wykes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Cluster Analysis ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Cognitive Reserve ◽

Verbal Learning ◽

Cognitive Profiles ◽

Illness Onset ◽

Cognitive Difficulties ◽

Cognitive Variability ◽

Cognitively Intact

Background People with bipolar disorder have moderate cognitive difficulties that tend to be more pronounced during mood episodes but persist after clinical remission and affect recovery. Recent evidence suggests heterogeneity in these difficulties, but the factors underlying cognitive heterogeneity are unclear. Aims To examine whether distinct cognitive profiles can be identified in a sample of euthymic individuals with bipolar disorder and examine potential differences between subgroups. Method Cognitive performance was assessed across four domains (i.e. processing speed, verbal learning/memory, working memory, executive functioning) in 80 participants. We conducted a hierarchical cluster analysis and a discriminant function analysis to identify cognitive profiles and considered differences in cognitive reserve, estimated cognitive decline from premorbid cognitive functioning, and clinical characteristics among subgroups. Results Four discrete cognitive profiles were identified: cognitively intact (n = 25; 31.3%); selective deficits in verbal learning and memory (n = 15; 18.8%); intermediate deficits across all cognitive domains (n = 30; 37.5%); and severe deficits across all domains (n = 10; 12.5%). Cognitive decline after illness onset was greater for the intermediate and severe subgroups. Cognitive reserve scores were increasingly lower for subgroups with greater impairments. A smaller proportion of cognitively intact participants were using antipsychotic medications compared with all other subgroups. Conclusions Our findings suggest that individuals with cognitively impaired profiles demonstrate more cognitive decline after illness onset. Cognitive reserve may be one of the factors underlying cognitive variability across people with bipolar disorder. Patients in the intermediate and severe subgroups may be in greater need of interventions targeting cognitive difficulties.

Download Full-text