Is education a demographic dividend? The role of cognitive reserve in dementia-related cognitive decline: a comparison of six longitudinal studies of ageing

A systematic review was conducted to investigate whether bilingualism has a protective effect against cognitive decline in aging and can protect against dementia. We searched the Medline, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and ERIC databases with a cut-off date of 31 March 2019, thereby following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) protocol. Our search resulted in 34 eligible studies. Mixed results were found with respect to the protective effect of bilingualism against cognitive decline. Several studies showed a protective effect whereas other studies failed to find it. Moreover, evidence for a delay of the onset of dementia of between 4 and 5.5 years in bilingual individuals compared to monolinguals was found in several studies, but not in all. Methodological differences in the set-up of the studies seem to explain these mixed results. Lifelong bilingualism is a complex individual process, and many factors seem to influence this and need to be further investigated. This can be best achieved through large longitudinal studies with objective behavioral and neuroimaging measurements. In conclusion, although some evidence was found for a cognitive reserve-enhancing effect of lifelong bilingualism and protection against dementia, to date, no firm conclusions can be drawn.

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The role of cognitive reserve accumulated in midlife for the relation between chronic diseases and cognitive decline in old age: A longitudinal follow-up across six years

Neuropsychologia ◽

10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.10.013 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 121 ◽

pp. 37-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Andreas Ihle ◽

Paolo Ghisletta ◽

Nicola Ballhausen ◽

Delphine Fagot ◽

Fanny Vallet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Decline ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Old Age ◽

Cognitive Reserve

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The possible resilience role of cognitive reserve in bipolar disorder

10.26226/morressier.5785edc9d462b80296c999cc ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Iria Grande

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Cognitive Reserve

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Role of Nut Consumption in the Management of Cognitive Decline - A Mini-Review

Current Alzheimer Research ◽

10.2174/1567205015666180202100721 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (9) ◽

pp. 877-882 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Blanka Klimova ◽

Kamil Kuca ◽

Martin Valis ◽

Jakub Hort

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Decline ◽

Cognitive Functions ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Social Issues ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Active Life ◽

Healthy Nutrition ◽

Health Aging ◽

Review Study

Background: Currently, there is a significant increase in the number of older generation groups, which may result in serious economic and social issues. Therefore, there is a need to prolong the active life of these older individuals, especially by focusing on modifying lifestyle factors such as healthy nutrition. In fact, recent research has shown that, for example, nuts are an important part of people’s healthy diet because they have appeared to be neuroprotective compounds which might maintain or in some cases even improve people’s cognitive functions. Objective: The purpose of this review study is to explore the role of the nut nutrition in the maintenance and delay of cognitive decline among older individuals. Results: The findings indicate that the nut consumption may contribute to the delay of cognitive decline in aging. However, this nut diet is just one component of the multi-nutrient dietary intervention for health aging. Conclusion: More longitudinal controlled randomized studies have to be performed in this field to prove the efficacy of the nut nutrition for the delay of cognitive decline.

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The Therapeutic Role of Lamotrigine and Topiramate in A Depressive Patient with Anxiety Symptoms and Cognitive Decline: Neurometabolic Correlates

Current Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.2174/1574884711666160905094059 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 282-285

Author(s):

Lutfu Hanoglu ◽

Burak Yulug ◽

Tansel Cakır ◽

Kubra Sogukkanli ◽

Ozge Duz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Decline ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Depressive Patient ◽

Therapeutic Role

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Emotional Regulation and Overeating Behaviors in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Behavioral Sciences ◽

10.3390/bs11010011 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Francesca Favieri ◽

Andrea Marini ◽

Maria Casagrande

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Emotional Intelligence ◽

Emotion Regulation ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Longitudinal Studies ◽

Emotional Regulation ◽

Inadequate Response ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Relationship

The worldwide prevalence of obesity has dramatically increased, mostly in children and adolescents. The Emotional Eating theoretical model has proposed that the failure in emotional regulation could represent a risk factor for establishing maladaptive overeating behavior that represents an inadequate response to negative emotions and allows increasing body-weight. This systematic review investigates the relationship between overeating and both emotional regulation and emotional intelligence in childhood and adolescence, considering both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Moreover, another goal of the review is evaluating whether emotional regulation and emotional intelligence can cause overeating behaviors. The systematic search was conducted according to the PRISMA-statement in the databases Medline, PsychArtcles, PsychInfo, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences, and allows 484 records to be extracted. Twenty-six studies were selected according to inclusion (e.g., studies focused on children and adolescents without clinical conditions; groups of participants overweight or with obesity) and exclusion (e.g., studies that adopted qualitative assessment or cognitive-affective tasks to measure emotional variables; reviews, commentary, or brief reports) criteria detailed in the methods. Cross-sectional studies showed a negative association between emotional regulation and overeating behavior that was confirmed by longitudinal studies. These findings highlighted the role of maladaptive emotion regulation on overeating and being overweight. The relationship between these constructs in children and adolescents was consistent. The results indicated the complexity of this association, which would be influenced by many physiological, psychological, and social factors. These findings underline the need for further studies focused on emotion regulation in the development of overeating. They should analyze the mediation role of other variables (e.g., attachment style, peer pressure) and identify interventions to prevent and reduce worldwide overweight prevalence.

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The Role of High Triglycerides Level in Predicting Cognitive Impairment: A Review of Current Evidence

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13062118 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 2118

Author(s):

Alina Mihaela Dimache ◽

Delia Lidia Șalaru ◽

Radu Sascău ◽

Cristian Stătescu

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Lifestyle Modification ◽

Cognitive Disorders ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Barrier Dysfunction ◽

Serum Triglycerides ◽

Cerebral Amyloidosis ◽

The Relationship

The burden of cognitive disorders is huge and still growing, however the etiology and the degree of cognitive impairment vary considerably. Neurodegenerative and vascular mechanisms were most frequently assessed in patients with dementia. Recent studies have shown the possible involvement of triglycerides levels in cognitive function through putative mechanisms such as brain blood barrier dysfunction or amyloid metabolism imbalance, but not all research in the field found this association. Several clinical studies evaluated the relationship between different forms of cognitive decline and levels of serum triglycerides, independent of other cardiovascular risk factors. This review focuses on the role of triglycerides in cognitive decline, cerebral amyloidosis and vascular impairment. Considering that the management of hypertriglyceridemia benefits from lifestyle modification, diet, and specific drug therapy, future studies are requested to appraise the triglycerides–cognitive impairment relationship.

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