scholarly journals Technological and Economic Analysis on the Hungarian Rice Sector

2003 ◽  
pp. 226-233
Author(s):  
Ferenc Apáti

Hungary lies on the northern edge of rice production area. According to this, the climatic conditions area not perfect for this species. The production area of rice involves typically the poorer quality soils, however these meet the requirements of rice. In Hungary exclusively domestic types are grown which have high yield and good quality and these are usually wore successful than foreign types. On the other hand, these Hungarian types should be improved considering safety in production. Nowadays, rice is grown in large scale companies with 300-1400 hectares, where production technology already exists, machinery is suitable, however the latter one a little bit old.The average yields of the analysed companies were 3-4 t/ha in the past few years, which were a little bit above the national averages. The operating cost per hectare is almost 200 thousand HUF, from which the main part is the cost of machinery (35%) and the material cost (34%). The main part of the latter one is the irrigation costs (30%). The average cost, calculated from the total production cost, is 80 thousand HUF/t. Considering the above-mentioned costs and the price of rice (75 thousand HUF/t) it can be stated that the profitability of the rice sector is not the best, the cost rated profitability is -6.6%. According to the results of this analysis possibilities for the increase in profitability and improvement are increased subsidies and market price, as well as genetic improvement.

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
В.К. Сердеров ◽  
Д.В. Сердерова

Большое значение в увеличении продуктивности картофеля имеет внедрение в производство перспективных высокоурожайных сортов и гибридов, приспособленных к местным природно-климатическим условиям возделывания, от чего зависят эффективность отрасли и себестоимость продукции. Цель работы – изучить влияние климатических условий на продуктивность и качественные показатели сортов и гибридов картофеля, а также использование ими благоприятных почвенно-климатических условий высокогорья Республики Дагестан, для размножения и внедрения в производство новых перспективных, высокоурожайных, приспособленных к условиям среды выращивания сортов картофеля с комплексом хозяйственно-ценных признаков. Объектом изучения послужили сорта картофеля раннего, среднераннего и среднего сроков созревания российской, белорусской и иностранной селекции. Полевые опыты закладывали в 2014–2017 годах на высоте 2000–2200 м, на землях горного опорного пункта «Курахский» Курахского района и на равнинной провинции (Прикаспийской низменности) на территории дачного массива «Наука» Махачкалинского района Республики Дагестан. Схема посадки – 70×30 см, повторность – четырехкратная. Технология выращивания картофеля – гребневая. При проведении полевых опытов использовали общепринятые методики. Практически все сорта картофеля, выращенные на равнинной провинции, сформировали высокий урожай в первый год и при дальнейшем размножении в результате развития вирусных болезней резко снизили свои продуктивные качества. Наиболее высокая урожайность в среднем за три года отмечена у сортов Жуковский ранний (20,8 т/га), Импала (20,5 т/га), Невский (17,8 т/га), Предгорный (16,9 т/га) и Удача (16,3 т/га). В свою очередь, горная провинция Дагестана характеризовалась благоприятными почвенно-климатическими условиями для возделывания как продовольственного картофеля, так и для организации первичного семеноводства на безвирусной основе и размножения перспективных сортов этой культуры. В среднем за годы исследований в горной провинции по урожайности выделились сорта Сильвана (37,4 т/га), Удача (37,6 т/га), Рокко (33,3 т/га), Импала (31,7 т/га), Жуковский ранний (29,0 т/га), Предгорный (27,7 т/га) и Примобелла (27,7 т/га), а также гибриды № 12.40/17 (43,1 т/га) и № 13.61/61 (38,8 т/га). The introduction of promising high-yielding varieties and hybrids adapted to the local natural and climatic conditions of cultivation is of great importance in increasing the productivity of potatoes, which determines the efficiency of the industry and the cost of production. The aim of the work is to study the influence of climatic conditions on the productivity and quality indicators of potato varieties and hybrids, as well as their use of favorable soil and climatic conditions in the highlands of the Republic of Dagestan, for breeding and introducing into production new promising, high-yielding, adapted to the growing environment of potato varieties with a complex of economically valuable characteristics. The object of the study was potato varieties of early, mid-early and medium maturation periods of Russian, Belarusian and foreign selection. Field experiments were conducted in 2014–2017 at an altitude of 2000–2200 m, on the lands of the mountain stronghold Kurakhsky of the Kukhar district and on the plain province (the Caspian lowland) on the territory of the suburban area Nauka of the Makhachkala district of the Republic of Dagestan. The landing scheme is 70×30 cm, the repeatability is four times. The technology of growing potatoes is combed. When conducting field experiments, generally accepted methods were used. Almost all potato varieties grown in the lowland province formed a high yield in the first year and, with further propagation, as a result of the development of viral diseases, sharply reduced their productive qualities. The highest yield on average for three years was observed in the varieties Zhukovskiy ranniy (20.8 t/ha), Impala (20.5 t/ha), Nevsky (17.8 t/ha), Predgornyy (16.9 t/ha) and Udacha (16.3 t/ha). In turn, the mountain province of Dagestan was characterized by favorable soil and climatic conditions for the cultivation of both food potatoes, and for the organization of primary seed production on a virus-free basis and the reproduction of promising varieties of this crop. On average, over the years of research in the mountain province, the varieties Silvana (37.4 t/ha), Udacha (37.6 t/ha), Rocco (33.3 t/ha), Impala (31.7 t/ha), Zhukovskiy ranniy (29.0 t/ha), Predgornyy (27.7 t/ha) and Primobella (27.7 t/ha), as well as hybrids No.12.40/17 (43.1 t/ha) and No.13.61/61 (38.8 t/ha) were distinguished by yield.


2021 ◽  
Vol 255 ◽  
pp. 01048
Author(s):  
Nataliia Savina ◽  
Yevheniia Sribna ◽  
Volodymyr Yemelyanov ◽  
Svitlana Dombrovska ◽  
Dmytro Mishchenko

The purpose of the article is to assess the pace of capital contribution and investment in solar energy in order to increase the energy security of national economies. The study analyzes the development of the global solar industry for years 2009-2019 in the context of investment support. The main stages of development of world solar energy are marked and the priority of countries and regions is determined. Factors of attractiveness of solar energy for private investment are noted, namely the investment climate is formed at the expense of legislative maintenance of this sphere, and in the economic plan at the expense of introduction of the «green» tariff. Two main investment processes in the development of solar energy are noted. First, these are large private companies that implement large-scale projects from solar stations. Secondly, this small private investment to provide electric for households that identified a small city urbanization and climatic conditions. It was found that the solar energy market depends more on capital intensity than on resource intensity. The result of economic calculation is indicated, which allowed to determine the term of reduction of the cost price of 1 kW of photovoltaic power station electricity to the level of NPP production cost for ten years.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Natalia Alfonso ◽  
Adnan A Hyder ◽  
Olakunle Alonge ◽  
Shumona Sharmin Salam ◽  
Kamran Baset ◽  
...  

Abstract Drowning is the leading cause of death among children 12-59 months old in rural Bangladesh. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of a large-scale crèche intervention in preventing child drowning. Estimates of the effectiveness of the crèches was based on prior studies and the program cost was assessed using monthly program expenditures captured prospectively throughout the study period from two different implementing agencies. The study evaluated the cost-effectiveness from both a program and societal perspective. Results showed that from the program perspective the annual operating cost of a crèche was $416.35 (95%C.I.: $222 to $576), the annual cost per child was $16 (95%C.I.: $9 to $22) and the incremental-cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per life saved with the crèches was $17,803 (95%C.I.: $9,051 to $27,625). From the societal perspective (including parents time valued) the ICER per life saved was -$176,62 (95%C.I.: -$347,091 to -$67,684)—meaning crèches generated net economic benefits per child enrolled. Based on the ICER per disability-adjusted-life years averted from the societal perspective (excluding parents time), $2,020, the crèche intervention was cost-effective even when the societal economic benefits were ignored. Based on the evidence, the creche intervention has great potential for reducing child drowning at a cost that is reasonable.


2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 323
Author(s):  
Marcos Aurelio Lopes ◽  
Flavio De Moraes ◽  
Francisval Melo Carvalho ◽  
Fabio Raphael Pascotti Bruhn ◽  
Andre Luis Ribeiro Lima ◽  
...  

This study aimed to analyze the effect of each workforce type on the cost-effectiveness of 20 dairy farms participating in the “Full Bucket” program, from January to December 2011, in the State of Rio de Janeiro. A stepwise multiple linear regression was used to identify the production cost components that most affected net margin, profitability, and cost-effectiveness. Workforce type influenced both profitability and cost-effectiveness, as well as total production cost. Economic analysis showed that farms with a hired workforce had the lowest total unit costs and a positive result. This way, the activity is able to produce in the long term and farmers are capitalizing. The farms that adopted mixed and family workforce had a positive net margin and a negative result, obtaining conditions to produce in the medium term. The highest representativeness on the items of effective operating cost in the family workforce stratum, in a descending order, were food, miscellaneous expenses, and energy. The most representative items in the mixed and hired workforce strata were food, workforce, and miscellaneous expenses.


Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Ergashev

Tomato is an important vegetable crop that contributes significantly to income security and healthy diets of people worldwide. Queensland produces the majority of tomatoes for fresh consumption accounting for 40 per cent of national supply in Australia. The purpose of this study is to provide an analytical summary of the Queensland tomato supply chain, by focusing on margins along the supply chain. For that, a representative tomato gross margin model in Southern Queensland was used to analyse the estimated income, grouped variable costs and the gross margin for four tomato varieties: gourmet, round, grape, and cherry. The mean yields of the sampled varieties varied considerably, depending on climatic conditions, pests and diseases, the season and whether tomatoes are grown on the ground or trellises. Driven by high revenues and relatively low freight costs, grape tomatoes have the highest gross margin ($73 thousand per hectare) as well as the highest market price at $4.64 per kilo compared to other varieties. The cost of growing the crop up to harvest can exceed $10,000 per hectare with high labour requirement for harvesting and packing. While costs for machinery, fertiliser, herbicide, weed control, insecticide, and fungicide largely remain constant across four tomato varieties, it is planting and irrigation that makes a difference. With average value of $9,303 per hectare, planting costs range from $5,134 for round tomatoes to $12,241 for cherry tomatoes. The results of this gross margin analysis can be helpful to explore profitability at the farm level, allowing regional and international comparisons


Author(s):  
Alexis Bakundukize ◽  
Maurice Twizerimana ◽  
Dushengere Bernadette ◽  
Bizabakoraho Jean Pierre ◽  
Nsekambabaye Theoneste

Aims: This study aimed to design and model an off-grid SPV power plant with a storage system to meet the load required in Rwisirabo village. Study Design:  PV modules, inverter, charge controller, and Batteries have been designed, reproduced/simulated, and optimized for the rural area of Rwisirabo village in Kayonza district, Eastern Province, Rwanda. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment has been done in the University of Rwanda/ African Centre of Excellence in Energy Studies for Sustainable Development (UR/ACE-ESD) High E-Tech Smart Grid Laboratory, Kigali, Rwanda between October 2020 and February 2021. Methodology: Different methodologies have been applied to address the objective of this work. The site was identified, problems of the community were clearly stated, data required for the work was collected through various data collection mechanisms, and different literature was reviewed to identify the way to do this work. The data were collected from different sources and were analysed using a software tool (HOMER software) and simulated for getting a solution for the problems and challenged accordingly. An Off-grid Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant was established in Rwisirabo village in Kayonza District, Rwanda. This site has been chosen because, in the Mwiri sector, Kageyo cellule in Rwisirabo (Rwisirabo II) village is listed by National Electrification Plan (NEP) as the site to construct an off-grid solar PV Power Plant. Results: Based on the load assessment and the design of the SPV system, the primary AC load of the village was 551,718 kWh/day with a peak load of 85.10 kW, the deferrable load was about 9.99 kWh/day and a deferrable peak load of 2.00 kW with the cost of energy (COE) $0.200/kWh were involved during optimization of the power plant. It also found that the peak demand of the community occurs from 18:00 to 20:00 hours because most of the household members would expect to be at their homes. The system items such as PV module, batteries, and inverter size have been found as an optimum system with 220 kW, 860 BAE PVS 210 batteries, and 110 kW respectively with a lifespan of 25 years of the project. The total net present cost (NPC), initial capital, operating cost, and Levelized COE for this off-grid SPV system were $903,829, $517,000, $17,522, and $0.200/kWh respectively. The monthly results of power generation in kW obtained after stimulation with software showed that the solar radiation is high in March, July, August, and September which brings more electric power generation. However, all months the power electricity remain generated. Results from simulation showed that this system generated mean power output of 220 kW and total production of 297,291 kWh/year. It approved that the system converter contributed the lowest NPC with $52,888.25 (6%), followed by PV modules that cost $244,284.28 (27%) and battery bank the first for this SPV system with a cost of $606,656.60 (67%). This optimal system uses 100% renewable energy. Conclusion: It found that the implementation of an SPV system with battery storage in residential, commercial, and institutions in the area where the solar irradiance is concentrated across a country will reduce the cost of electricity and power interruption on the national grid. Therefore, further work is needed to optimize this system for rural electrification as well by integrating with other renewable sources available in the country and also extend the electrification to another area that is detached from the national grid.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Tian Chen

To lower the operating cost of an enterprise, improving the efficiency of logistics, or reducing the cost of circulation is one of the crucial means for the enterprise to cut the costs. In this paper, combined with the rough set fuzzy logic algorithm, in response to the features of the large-scale vehicle scheduling problem, the data collected by monitoring in real time provided by the tracking technology, in conjunction with the data mining technology, are used to support the decision making based on the reverse logistics mode and establish a vehicle scheduling optimization model with the purpose to support the decision making in transportation logistics.


2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Perka Shiva Kumar

Area and production of Sorghum in Andhra Pradesh state increased by 6.8% and 9.7% but decreased by 12.1% and 9.8% in Telangana state, respectively since the last few years whereas the average yield was increased by 2.6% in both the states. The cost of production of sorghum was raised by 11-14% but the market price was increased by 7.5% only. Cost of production C2 was overlapped with the market price up to 2012-13 but later on, the market price was lower than C2 whereas the cost of production A2 overlapped with Minimum Support Price up to 2011-12 but MSP was quite higher after 2011-12. Operational costs ranged from 62-66% and fixed costs are 34-38% out of the total cost of cultivation of sorghum. The inverse relationship between yield and cost of production has proved in the log-linear regression model at 5% level of significance, due to low productivity of crop, still, there is need to develop High Yielding Varieties at State Agriculture Universities of both the states, modern technologies are to be adopted by the farmers to improve the productivity. In view of the importance of crops the government has to raise the remunerative market price and public awareness is to be created about the nutritional importance of crops so that the cropped area might be increased. Processing industries are to be encouraged on a large scale which generates employment for the rural youth; some more need-based processing technologies are to be developed at research institutes.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Natalia Alfonso ◽  
Adnan A. Hyder ◽  
Olakunle Alonge ◽  
Shumona Sharmin Salam ◽  
Kamran Baset ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Drowning is the leading cause of death among children 12–59 months old in rural Bangladesh. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of a large-scale crèche (daycare) intervention in preventing child drowning. Methods The cost of the crèches intervention was evaluated using an ingredients-based approach and monthly expenditure data collected prospectively throughout the study period from two agencies implementing the intervention in different study areas. The estimate of the effectiveness of the crèches intervention was based on a previous study. The study evaluated the cost-effectiveness from both a program and societal perspective. Results From the program perspective the annual operating cost of a crèche was $416.35 (95% CI: $221 to $576), the annual cost per child was $16 (95% CI: $8 to $23), and the incremental-cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per life saved with the crèches was $17,008 (95% CI: $8817 to $24,619). From the societal perspective (including parents time valued) the ICER per life saved was − $166,833 (95% CI: − $197,421 to − $141,341)—meaning crèches generated net economic benefits per child enrolled. Based on the ICER per disability-adjusted-life years averted from the societal perspective (excluding parents time), $1978, the crèche intervention was cost-effective even when the societal economic benefits were ignored. Conclusions Based on the evidence, the crèche intervention has great potential for generating net societal economic gains by reducing child drowning at a program cost that is reasonable.


Author(s):  
N.V. Sergeev ◽  
◽  
A.Yu. Pivkin

The experience of cultivation of soybeans in SC "Agricultural machinery" of the Kaluga region on an area of 190 hectares shows that the soybean variety Alaska is sufficiently adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of this region, provides a high seed yield (up to 32 c / ha) and a high yield (up to 1344 kg / ha) relatively inexpensive protein. However, this variety has a long growing season (95-105 days) and therefore desiccation of crops is required for harvesting for seeds.


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