scholarly journals Stimulation of investment processes in renewable energy sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 255 ◽  
pp. 01048
Author(s):  
Nataliia Savina ◽  
Yevheniia Sribna ◽  
Volodymyr Yemelyanov ◽  
Svitlana Dombrovska ◽  
Dmytro Mishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Capital Intensity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Resource Intensity ◽  
The Cost ◽  
National Economies

The purpose of the article is to assess the pace of capital contribution and investment in solar energy in order to increase the energy security of national economies. The study analyzes the development of the global solar industry for years 2009-2019 in the context of investment support. The main stages of development of world solar energy are marked and the priority of countries and regions is determined. Factors of attractiveness of solar energy for private investment are noted, namely the investment climate is formed at the expense of legislative maintenance of this sphere, and in the economic plan at the expense of introduction of the «green» tariff. Two main investment processes in the development of solar energy are noted. First, these are large private companies that implement large-scale projects from solar stations. Secondly, this small private investment to provide electric for households that identified a small city urbanization and climatic conditions. It was found that the solar energy market depends more on capital intensity than on resource intensity. The result of economic calculation is indicated, which allowed to determine the term of reduction of the cost price of 1 kW of photovoltaic power station electricity to the level of NPP production cost for ten years.

RENEWABLE ENERGY INTEGRATION FOR HOT WATER SUPPLY AND HEATING OF BUILDINGS

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Yu. Selikhov ◽  
K. Gorbunov ◽  
V. Stasov
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
The Cost

Solar energy is widely used in solar systems, where economy and ecology are combined. Namely, this represents an important moment in the era of depletion of energy resources. The use of solar energy is a promising economical item for all countries of the world, meeting their interests also in terms of energy independence, thanks to which it is confidently gaining a stable position in the global energy sector. The cost of heat obtained through the use of solar installations largely depends on the radiation and climatic conditions of the area where the solar installation is used. The climatic conditions of our country, especially the south, make it possible to use the energy of the Sun to cover a significant part of the need for heat. A decrease in the reserves of fossil fuel and its rise in price have led to the development of optimal technical solutions, efficiency and economic feasibility of using solar installations. And today this is no longer an idle curiosity, but a conscious desire of homeowners to save not only their financial budget, but also health, which is possible only with the use of alternative energy sources, such as: double-circuit solar installations, geothermal heat pumps (HP), wind power generators. The problem is especially acute in the heat supply of housing and communal services (HCS), where the cost of fuel for heat production is several times higher than the cost of electricity. The main disadvantages of centralized heat supply sources are low energy, economic and environmental efficiency. And high transport tariffs for the delivery of energy carriers and frequent accidents on heating mains exacerbate the negative factors inherent in traditional district heating. One of the most effective energy-saving methods that make it possible to save fossil fuel, reduce environmental pollution, and meet the needs of consumers in process heat is the use of heat pump technologies for heat production.

Solar Concentrators

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
Bekhruzi Talbi Shokhzoda ◽  
Mikhail Georgievich Tyagunov
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Cell Area ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Solar Concentrators ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cost

Looking at the history of solar energy and renewable energy in general, the authorities and scientists have been paying much attention to the recent period, due to the depletion of fossil energy resources and the growing difficulties in solving environmental problems. The development of solar energy has led to the use of solar energy concentrators. Concentrators are used to concentrate sunlight onto PV cells. This allows for a reduction in the cell area required for producing a given amount of power. The goal is to significantly reduce the cost of electricity generated by replacing expensive PV converter area with less expensive optical material. In this chapter, the authors talk about concentrators in solar energy, especially about modules based on holographic films. Holographic solar panels (HSP) in recent decades have appeared in large-scale production and been actively used in solar energy. Evaluations of other types of existing concentrators are presented.

scholarly journals Technological and Economic Analysis on the Hungarian Rice Sector

2003 ◽  
pp. 226-233
Author(s):  
Ferenc Apáti
Keyword(s):  
Main Part ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Northern Edge ◽  
The Cost

Hungary lies on the northern edge of rice production area. According to this, the climatic conditions area not perfect for this species. The production area of rice involves typically the poorer quality soils, however these meet the requirements of rice. In Hungary exclusively domestic types are grown which have high yield and good quality and these are usually wore successful than foreign types. On the other hand, these Hungarian types should be improved considering safety in production. Nowadays, rice is grown in large scale companies with 300-1400 hectares, where production technology already exists, machinery is suitable, however the latter one a little bit old.The average yields of the analysed companies were 3-4 t/ha in the past few years, which were a little bit above the national averages. The operating cost per hectare is almost 200 thousand HUF, from which the main part is the cost of machinery (35%) and the material cost (34%). The main part of the latter one is the irrigation costs (30%). The average cost, calculated from the total production cost, is 80 thousand HUF/t. Considering the above-mentioned costs and the price of rice (75 thousand HUF/t) it can be stated that the profitability of the rice sector is not the best, the cost rated profitability is -6.6%. According to the results of this analysis possibilities for the increase in profitability and improvement are increased subsidies and market price, as well as genetic improvement.

scholarly journals DIGITIZATION OF RECLAMATION AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, PROSPECTS, INNOVATIONS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. F. Yurchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
The State ◽  
Investment Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
The Cost

Purpose: study, analysis, assessment of opportunities, advantages and prospects, as well as difficulties, barriers, risks and feasibility of creating, introducing and using innovative technologies for managing agricultural production on reclaimed lands. The methodological basis of the work is based on the study, generalization and comparison of structural, functional, technological, ergonomic and other significant factors of information systems that characterize their shortcomings and opportunities for the development of highly productive and environmentally sustainable agricultural production. Results: an analysis of the formation of digitalization of domestic agricultural production showed the need to attract actively private investment in the agricultural sector of the economy, which in turn led to the need for large-scale information coverage of the benefits and risks of digitalization as a powerful factor in increasing the investment attractiveness of agribusiness. The priority and promising directions of digitalization of the reclamation sector of the economy are identified and characterized. The advantages of using automated technologies for managing the reclamation regime of agroecosystems are shown, which ensure the cost-effectiveness of automation. Along with the indicators of the expected effect, the factors characterizing the complexities, difficulties and risks of failure to achieve the planned investment efficiency, which consideration contributes to the leveling (elimination) of these restrictions, are considered. Proposals are formulated to improve the information and analytical resource for substantiating the effectiveness of digitalization and the state influence on its formation based on the development of platform technologies. Conclusions: intensification of work on the analysis, assessment and coverage of the state of digitalization of the crop production system with the ability to access it for all interested participants in agribusiness will motivate the entrepreneurs to invest in the latter.

scholarly journals Weak Law v. Strong Ties: An Empirical Study of Business Investment, Law and Political Connections in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Ji Li
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Political Connections ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Conventional View ◽  
Chinese Entrepreneurs ◽  
Private Entrepreneurs

AbstractBased on a large-scale survey of Chinese entrepreneurs, our study explores how legal and political institutions influence investment decisions made by private companies. The study finds that, consistent with the conventional view, a more effective legal system is correlated with short-term general investment, and that the judiciary is important mainly because of its restraint over the state. The role of effective courts, however, diminishes when private entrepreneurs consider making long-term investment. We find a positive association between the entrepreneurs’ political backgrounds and their R&D investment, suggesting that Chinese courts, in spite of decades of reform, are not yet viewed as reliable to protect long-term private investment from expropriation, policy instability, and a hostile regulatory environment. Rather, informal political connections constitute the premise for the protection of long-term investment. We also find evidence indicating that political ties are expensive resources to accumulate and maintain, so Chinese entrepreneurs tap into them only when substantial long-term interests are at stake. The findings contribute to the literature on law and economic development.

scholarly journals The Generation of Pollution-Free Electrical Power From Solar Energy

1972 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Cherry
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Solar Arrays ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Productive Land ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Power Shortages

Projections of the U. S. electrical power demands over the next 30 years indicate that the U. S. could be in grave danger from power shortages, undesirable effluence, and thermal pollution. A pollution free method of converting solar energy directly into electrical power using photovoltaics on the ground shows that sunlight falling on about 1 percent of the land area of the 48 states could provide the total electrical power requirements of the U. S. in the year 1990. By utilizing and further developing some NASA technology, a new source of electrical power will become available. Such a development is attractive from conservation, social, ecological, economic, and political standpoints. While the cost of producing solar arrays by today’s methods prohibits their use for large scale terrestrial plants, the paper suggests how the cost may become acceptable, especially as conventional fuels become scarcer and more expensive. Some of the desirable reasons for developing methods to convert solar energy to electrical power are: to conserve our fossil fuels for more sophisticated uses than just burning, to reduce atmospheric pollution by 20 percent, to convert low productive land areas into high productive land areas, to make the U. S. less dependent upon foreign sources of energy, and to learn to utilize our most abundant inexhaustable natural resource.

Cost- und Monitoring-Projekt: Zwei neue forstliche Meinungsumfragen im Vergleich | The Cost- and Monitoring-Projects: A Comparison of Two New Forestry Opinion Polls

2000 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Wild-Eck ◽  
Willi Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Forest Policy ◽  
Forest Economics ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Swiss Confederation ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Opinion Polls

Two large-scale surveys looking at attitudes towards forests, forestry and forest policy in the second half ofthe nineties have been carried out. This work was done on behalf of the Swiss Confederation by the Chair of Forest Policy and Forest Economics of the Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich. Not only did the two studies use very different methods, but the results also varied greatly as far as infrastructure and basic conditions were concerned. One of the main differences between the two studies was the fact that the first dealt only with mountainous areas, whereas the second was carried out on the whole Swiss population. The results of the studies reflect these differences:each produced its own specific findings. Where the same (or similar) questions were asked, the answers highlight not only how the attitudes of those questioned differ, but also views that they hold in common. Both surveys showed positive attitudes towards forests in general, as well as a deep-seated appreciation ofthe forest as a recreational area, and a positive approach to tending. Detailed results of the two surveys will be available in the near future.

Waste minimization program in Shuaiba Industrial Area

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 289-295
Author(s):  
Saleh Al-Muzaini
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Waste Minimization ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
Eastern Sector ◽  
Western Sector ◽  
Petroleum Companies ◽  
The Cost

The Shuaiba Industrial Area (SIA) is located about 50 km south of Kuwait City. It accommodates most of the large-scale industries in Kuwait. The total area of the SIA (both eastern and western sectors) is about 22.98 million m2. Fifteen plants are located in the eastern sector and 23 in the western sector, including two petrochemical companies, three refineries, two power plants, a melamine company, an industrial gas corporation, a paper products company and, two steam electricity generating stations, in addition to several other industries. Therefore, only 30 percent of the land in the SIA's eastern sector and 70 percent of land in the SIA's western sector is available for future expansion. Presently, industries in the SIA generate approximately 204,000 t of solid waste. With future development in the industries in the SIA, the estimated quantities will reach 240,000 t. The Shuaiba Area Authority (SAA), a governmental regulatory body responsible for planning and development in the SIA, has recognized the problem of solid waste and has developed an industrial waste minimization program. This program would help to reduce the quantity of waste generated within the SIA and thereby reduce the cost of waste management. This paper presents a description of the waste minimization program and how it is to be implemented by major petroleum companies. The protocols employed in the waste minimization program are detailed.

Modernization of Water Treatment System at Agricultural Enterprises Due to Introduction of Solar Energy

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-147
Author(s):  
Alina A. Aleksandrova ◽  
Maksim S. Zhuzhin ◽  
Yuliya M. Dulepova
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Solar Water Heater ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
The Cost

Energy saving today is an integral part of the development strategy of agricultural organizations. Considerable attention is paid to the modernization and automation of technological processes in agricultural enterprises, which can improve the quality of work and reduce the cost of production. The direction of modernization is to reduce the consumption of electric energy by improving the water treatment system in livestock complexes. (Research purpose) The research purpose is to determine the potential of solar energy used in the Nizhny Novgorod region and to determine the possibility of its use for water heating in livestock complexes and to consider the cost-effectiveness of using a device to heat water through solar energy. (Materials and methods) Authors used an improved algorithm of Pixer and Laszlo, applied in the NASA project «Surface meteorology and Energy», which allows to calculate the optimal angle of inclination of the device for heating water. (Results and discussion) Designed a mock-up of a livestock complex with a solar water heater installed on the roof, protected by patent for invention No. 2672656. A mathematical model was designed experimentally to predict the results of the plant operation in non-described modes. (Conclusions) The article reveales the optimal capacity of the circulation pump. Authors have created a mathematical model of the device that allows to predict the water heating in a certain period of time. The article presents the calculations on the energy and economic efficiency of using a solar water heater. An electric energy saving of about 30 percent, in the economic equivalent of 35 percent.

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