scholarly journals New occurence of woolly cupgrass (Eriochloa villosa [Thunb.] Kunth) in Hajdúság area, East-Hungary

2017 ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
Arnold Szilágyi ◽  
Tamás Tóth ◽  
László Radócz

Because of the globalization and global warming the emergence of invasive weeds in Hungary are more common. The woolly cupgrass (Eriochloa villosa [Thunb.] Kunth) is published as an important invasive weed in Hungary. Woolly cupgrass is native in East Asia and it spreads into several parts of the World and causes difficulties in plant protection. It has been spreading extensively during the last few years,as the weed shows a very serious invasion potential.

Author(s):  
Peter Makleit ◽  
Szilvia Veres ◽  
Arnold Szilágyi

Woolly cupgrass (Eriochloa villosa /Thunb./ Kunth) is a common weed in East Asia and North America. This weed plant spreading quickly in Europa. There are several reasons for the successfulness, especially its germination properties. As other Panicoideae species contain benzoxazinoids it was supposed that woolly cupgrass also contains these chemicals. For this reason the benzoxazinoid content of plants at the stage of flowering was investigated. As it was supposed, woolly cupgrass contain benzoxazinoids, which is a novel occurrence of these chemicals in Poaceae family.


2015 ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Arnold Szilágyi ◽  
Zoltán Balogh ◽  
István Dávid ◽  
László Szabó ◽  
László Radócz

To the effective control of invasive weeds are essential to prevent establish, if has already happened obstacle to massive accumulation, and promoting the efficient and rapid eradication, if it is possible. The Woolly cupgrass (Eriochloa villosa /Thunb./ Kunth) belongs to weeds which “hard to control” especially in corn. One of the difficulties of effective control is the prolonged emergence causing avoidance of several individuals the contact with pre-emergent herbicides. Another problem arises due to the intensive use of post-emergence herbicide products with short duration of action. To optimalize of timing of treatment is essential for successful control of later emerging weeds. The recently established Woolly cupgrass in Hungary shows resistance or reduced susceptibility to substantial portion of herbicides used in corn. The data collected from small-plot trials demonstrates that application of sulfonylurea or selective monoctyledonous herbicides can be effective against the Woolly cupgrass.


2011 ◽  
pp. 119-123
Author(s):  
Noémi Somogyi ◽  
László Szabó ◽  
István Dávid

Woolly cupgrass (Eriochloa villosa /Thunb./ Kunth) is native to East Asia, it spreads in several parts of the World and causes difficulties in plant protection, especially in maize. Difficulties in control of Eriochloa villosa originated from several reasons: seeds continue to germinate later in the season, significant part of seeds emerges from a deep layer of the soil, and the species is less susceptible to some herbicides applied to maize than other annual grass weeds.The first report on the occurrence of woolly cupgrass in Hungary was published in 2008, and it reported about the appearance of this species near to Gesztely village (Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county), however, no information has been added about spread of the weed in Hungary until now.A significant population was discovered next to Debrecen (Hajdú-Bihar county) in summer, 2011, and then weed associations were examined in maize, sunflower and stubble-fields on several km2 in the area to estimate the Eriochloa villosa infection. The weed species was found on every maize field bordering with a ground cover of 0.5-4%. Woolly cupgrass occurred inside of the 50% of maize fields, and reached a ground cover of 76% in case of most infected area, in addition it was found in sunflower and stubble-fields.The spread of woolly cupgrass is expected in this area, which requires the consideration of this species in the planning of weed management technologies.


Author(s):  
A.N. Ignatov ◽  
J.S. Panycheva ◽  
M.V. Voronina ◽  
D.M. Vasiliev ◽  
F.S. Dzhalilov

Картофель находится на четвертом месте среди продовольственных культур в мире, и является одним из основных продуктов питания населения России. Высокая заболеваемость картофеля вирусными, бактериальными, оомицетными и грибными болезнями серьезно влияет на урожайность культуры, приводя также к экономическим потерям изза выбраковки семенного картофеля и увеличения потерь при хранении. В последние годы отмечается рост вредоносности заболеваний картофеля, связываемый с климатическими изменениями, изменениями в популяциях патогенов, сменой выращиваемых сортов картофеля и других поражаемых патогенами растений. Эффект глобального потепления ожидается негативным повышенная температура снижает скорость роста и накопление крахмала клубнями, вызывает физиологические повреждения и увеличивает восприимчивость к патогенам, ведет к росту популяции патогенов и их переносчиков. Оценивается, что при прогнозируемом повышении температуры, урожай картофеля на существующих площадях под этой культурой в мире упадет к 2050 году примерно на 14, значительная доля этих потерь в России будет вызвана новыми видами и биотипами патогенов картофеля. Оценка влияния изменения климата на фитофтороз картофеля, показала, что при росте средней температуры на 1 C, период применения фунгицидов для защиты картофеля удлиняется на 1020 дней, в зависимости от количества осадков, а без защиты, потери урожая возрастут на 2 т/га на каждый градус потепления. Высокую опасность представляют возбудители антракноза, серебристой парши и ризоктониоза картофеля, штаммы которых выработали устойчивость к фунгицидам, применяемым для предпосадочной обработки клубней. Встречаемость и развитие комплекса патогенов, вызывающих бактериозы картофеля, постепенно нарастает, и кроме того, происходит постоянное изменение видового состава патогенов. В 2009 году было отмечено массовое распространение на картофеле видов Dickeya spp., а с 2012 года в России отмечают новые разновидности возбудителей черной ножки и мокрой гнили P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense P. carotovorum subsp. odoriferum, и P. parmentieri. Природные факторы накладываются на недостатки агротехники и схем защиты картофеля, которые оказываются слишком консервативными для противодействия изменениям в составе и поведении фитопатогенов.Potatoes are in the fourth place among the main food crops in the world, and is one of the main food products of Russia. High impact of potato viral, bacterial, oomycete and fungal diseases has a serious threat to crop yield, leading to economic losses due to culling of seed potatoes and increase storage losses. In recent years, there has been an increase in the harmfulness of potato diseases associated with climatic changes, changes in the populations of pathogens, the change in cultivated potato varieties and other host plants. The effect of global warming is expected to be negative elevated temperatures reduce the growth rate and accumulation of starch by tubers, cause physiological damage and increase susceptibility to pathogens, increase the pathogens and their vectors propagation rate. It is estimated that with the projected increase of global temperature, the potato yield at the existing areas across the World will fall by 2050 for about 14, a significant proportion of these losses in Russia will be caused by new species and biotypes of potato pathogens. Estimated global warming effect proved that average temperature growth for each 1C will elongate the necessary fungicide application period against Phytophthora infestance for 1020 days depending to rains amount. Lack of protection will cause an additional yield loss of 2 t/ha for each degree of warming. There is a high risk of fungicideresistant plant pathogens causing potato anthracnose, Rhizoctonia canker or black scurf, and silver scurf. Occurrence and harm of bacterial plant pathogens of potato is increasing and species prevalence is changing. Dickeya species became common potato pathogen in Russia at 2009, but since 2012 they there substituted by new Pectobacterium subspecies P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense P. carotovorum subsp. odoriferum, and species P. parmentieri. Environmental factors underline and multiply the errors in agrotechnique and plant protection of potato, which are too conservative to withstand the changes in content and life style of plant pathogens.


Author(s):  
E.S. Zenkevich ◽  
N.V. Popov

During the second half of 20th century, a high level of plague incidence in the world was in 1960–1979 and 1990–2009. The significant decrease of infection cases was in 1950–1959, 1980–1989, 2010–2015. It is noticed, that the observed cyclical nature of the alternation of high and low incidence plague’s periods, in many respects related to modern trend of climate fluctuations.


Author(s):  
John Lie

In the 2010s, the world is seemingly awash with waves of populism and anti-immigration movements. Yet virtually all discussions, owing to the prevailing Eurocentric perspective, bypass East Asia (more accurately, Northeast Asia) and the absence of strong populist or anti-immigration discourses or politics. This chapter presents a comparative and historical account of East Asian exceptionalism in the matter of migration crisis, especially given the West’s embrace of an insider-outsider dichotomy superseding the class- and nation-based divisions of the post–World War II era. The chapter also discusses some nascent articulations of Western-style populist discourses in Northeast Asia, and concludes with the potential for migration crisis in the region.


2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-14
Author(s):  
Robert Gnuse

Psalm 104 is a majestic hymn to creation, a dynamic corollary to the more formal presentation of the creation of the world in Genesis 1. Reflection upon some of the passages provides us with insight into the biblical author’s appreciation for nature, an attitude that needs to inspire us in this age of ecological crisis. Though the biblical text is unaware of such an ecological crisis; nonetheless, passages shine forth that can speak to us in our modern age of global warming and environmental collapse.


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