scholarly journals Fungi detected in trunk of stone fruits in the Czech Republic

2019 ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
Jakub Pečenka ◽  
Eliška Peňázová ◽  
Dorota Tekielska ◽  
Ivo Ondrášek ◽  
Tomáš Nečas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
Irpex Lacteus ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Fomes Fomentarius ◽  
Stereum Hirsutum ◽  
Fusarium Sp

This study was focused on detection of the spectrum of fungi in the wood of stone fruits using molecular genetic methods. Samples were obtained from apricots, plums and sweet cherry trees from region of Moravia, one sample was obtained from Myjava (Slovakia). Segments of symptomatic wood were obtained from dying stone fruit trees with very significant symptoms. This study describes detection of the fungi in the wood of 11 trees in general in 5 localities. The cultivation of the fungi from symptomatic wood and sequencing of ITS was carried out. Eleven fungal genera were determined in the stone fruits wood, particularly Irpex lacteus, Fomes fomentarius, Neofabraea corticola, Calosphaeria pulchella, Cytospora leucostoma, Phellinus tuberculosus, Stereum hirsutum, Collophora sp., Pithomyces chartarum, Aureobasidium pullulans,Fusarium sp. The results of this study demonstrate that the reason of declining of stone fruit trees in Moravia is caused probably by trunk pathogens.

scholarly journals Serological and molecular detection of Prune dwarf virus infecting stone fruits of Charmahal-va-Bakhtiari province, a central region of Iran

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Nourolah Soltani ◽  
Jamshid Hayati ◽  
Ghobad Babaei ◽  
Maryam Ebrahim Qomi
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Coat Protein Sequence ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Fruit Orchards ◽  
Das Elisa

<em>Prune dwarf</em> virus (PDV) is one of the major positive RNA viruses which cause economical damages in stone fruit trees. The symptoms of PDV vary between different stone fruits namely sour and sweet cherry, almond, peach, apricot and plum including leaf narrowing, leaf chlorosis, vein clearing, mosaic, leaf whitening, leathery leaf, bushy branches and stunt trees. During the years 2011 and 2012, 251 leaf samples were collected for detection of PDV in stone fruit orchards of Charmahal-va-Bakhtiari province. DAS-ELISA test proved PDV presence serologically. Then, total RNA were extracted and tested by two-step RT-PCR which replicated partial and full coat protein sequence of PDV. One hundred and eighty one out of total samples (251 samples) showed PDV infection using serological and two-step RT-PCR assays, hence, incidence of PDV in Charmahal-va-Bakhtiari province was confirmed. This is the first report of PDV in stone fruit orchards of Charmahal-va-Bakhtiari province and in Iran.

scholarly journals Dieback of apricot plantations caused by 'Ca. Phytoplasma prunorum' in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county (Northern-Hungary)

2010 ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
Gábor Tarcali ◽  
Emese Kiss ◽  
György J. Kövics ◽  
Sándor Süle ◽  
László Irinyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
The North ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
Fruit Plantations

Plant diseases caused by phytoplasmas have increasing importance in all over the world for fruit growers. Lately, phytoplasma diseases occur on many fruit varieties and responsible for serious losses both in quality and quantity of fruit production. In the long-run these diseases cause destruction of fruit trees. The apricot phytoplasma disease (Ca. Phytoplasma prunorum) was first reported in Europe in 1924 from France. In 1992 the disease has also been identified in Hungary. On the base of growers' signals serious damages of "Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum" Seemüller and Schneider, 2004 (formerly: European stone fruit yellows phytoplasma) could be observed in different stone fruit plantations in the famous apricot-growing area nearby Gönc town, Northern-Hungary. Field examinations have been begun in 2009 in several stone fruit plantations in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County mainly in Gönc region which is one of the most important apricot growing regions in Hungary, named “Gönc Apricot Growing Area”. Our goals were to diagnose the occurrence of Ca. Phytoplasma prunorum on stone fruits (especially on apricot) in the North-Hungarian growing areas by visual diagnostics and confirm data by laboratory PCR-based examinations. All the 28 collected samples were tested in laboratory trials and at 13 samples from apricot, peach, sour cherry and wild plum were confirmed the presence of phytoplasma (ESFY). On the base of observations it seems evident that the notable losses caused by "Ca. Phytoplasma prunorum" is a new plant health problem to manage for fruit growers, especially apricot producers in Hungary. 

scholarly journals First Report of Apricot pseudo-chlorotic leaf spot virus Infecting Plum (Prunus domestica) in the Czech Republic

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Šafářová ◽  
M. Navrátil ◽  
C. Faure ◽  
T. Candresse ◽  
A. Marais
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Spot Virus ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Chlorotic Leaf

Apricot pseudo-chlorotic leaf spot virus (APCLSV) is a novel, still poorly known Trichovirus in the family Betaflexiviridae. It is most closely related to Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) (2,4) and infects stone fruit trees of the Prunus genus. Its presence has so far been detected in apricot, plum, Japanese plum, and peach trees in Italy, Spain, France, Hungary, Turkey, Jordan, and Australia (1,2,4). During the summers of 2008 and 2010, leaf samples of old Czech local plum cultivars were obtained from the Holovousy collection and assessed for the presence of viruses belonging to the Capillovirus, Trichovirus, and Foveavirus genera using the polyvalent degenerate oligonucleotides (PDO) nested reverse transcription (RT)-PCR test (3). Following amplification from total RNAs extracts, the amplicons were cloned and several clones were sequenced for each plant sample. In plum (Prunus domestica) cv. Babce, a mixture of amplicons was observed and BlastN and BlastX analyses of the obtained sequences revealed the presence of ACLSV and APCLSV. The 310-bp APCLSV amplicon (GenBank Accession No. JN790294) showed highest identity (82.9% in nucleotide sequence and 97.1% in amino acid sequence) with the Sus2 isolate of APCLSV (4) and clustered with APCLSV isolates in a phylogenetic analysis. APCLSV infection was further confirmed with an APCLSV-specific RT-PCR assay (4), which yielded a product of the expected 205-bp size (GenBank Accession No. JN653070) with closest homology again to the Sus2 APCLSV isolate (83.4 and 94.3% nucleotide and amino acid identity, respectively). To our knowledge, this finding represents the first detection of APCLSV in domestic plums in the Czech Republic, extending our vision of APCLSV diversity and its geographic distribution. For unknown reasons, APCLSV has almost always been reported in mixed infection with ACLSV (1,2,4) and the situation in cv. Babce does not deviate from this trend. This has greatly hindered the analysis of the pathogenicity of APCLSV, a situation further complicated in the current case because the Babce cultivar was also infected by Plum pox virus. References: (1) M. Barone et al. Acta Hortic. 781:53, 2008. (2) T. Candresse et al. Virus and Virus-Like Diseases of Pome and Stone Fruit Trees. A. Hadidi et al., eds. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 2011. (3) X. Foissac et al. Phytopathology 95:617, 2005. (4) D. Liberti et al. Phytopathology 95:420, 2005.

scholarly journals Occurrence and detection of lesser known viruses and phytoplasmas in stone fruit orchards in Poland

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosława Cieślińska ◽  
Halina Morgaś
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Green Ring ◽  
Japanese Plum ◽  
Fruit Orchards ◽  
Leaf Virus ◽  
Cherry Trees

Abstract A survey was carried out on 38 commercial and experimental stone fruit orchards located in major growing areas of stone fruit trees in Poland to determine the incidence of lesser known viruses and phytoplasmas. Leaf samples from 145 sweet cherry and 102 sour cherry trees were tested for Little cherry virus 1 (LChV-1), Little cherry virus 2 (LChV-2), Cherry green ring mottle virus (CGRMV), Cherry mottle leaf virus (CMLV), and Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus (CNRMV) using RT-PCR. Sixty samples collected from peach and 20 apricot trees were also tested for CGRMV. Eleven out of 145 sweet cherry and three out of 102 sour cherry trees were infected by LChV-1. CGRMV was detected in 10 sweet cherry, four sour cherry, 14 peach and two apricot trees. No LChV-2, CMLV and CNRMV were detected in any of the tested trees. Phloem tissue from samples of shoots collected from 145 sweet cherry, 102 sour cherry, 128 peach, 37 apricot, five nectarine and 20 European as well as Japanese plum trees were tested for phytoplasmas. The nested PCR of the extracted DNA with universal and specific primer pairs showed the presence of phytoplasmas in six sweet cherry, three sour cherry, nine peach, four apricot, one nectarine and three Japanese plum trees. The RFLP patterns of 16S rDNA fragments after digestion with RsaI, MseI, AluI, and SspI endonucleases indicated that selected stone fruit trees were infected by two distinct phytoplasmas belonging to the apple proliferation group. The stone fruit trees infected by LChV-1, CGRMV and phytoplasmas were grown in orchards localised in all seven regions

scholarly journals First Report of Plum bark necrosis stem pitting-associated virus in Stone Fruit Trees in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (11) ◽  
pp. 1483-1483 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Cui ◽  
N. Hong ◽  
W. X. Xu ◽  
J. F. Zhou ◽  
G. P. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Flowering Cherry ◽  
Stem Pitting

Plum bark necrosis and stem pitting disease was first observed on a ‘Black Beaut’ plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) in the United States in 1986 and later is several other countries. Plum bark necrosis stem pitting-associated virus (PBNSPaV; genus Ampelovirus, family Closteroviridae), the putative causal agent of the disease, infects many stone fruit species and causes decline, gummosis, flattening of scaffold branches, and stem necrotic pits in some diseased trees (1,3). An investigation of the incidence of PBNSPaV on stone fruit trees in China was conducted during 2009 and 2010. Leaf samples were collected from 47 trees, including peach (P. persica L. Batsch), nectarine (P. persica L. var. nucipersica Schneider), plum (P. domestica L.), ornamental plum (P. cerasifera Ehrb), sweet cherry (P. avium L.), and flowering cherry (P. serrulata L.), grown in Hubei, Henan, and Shandong provinces in central and northern China. Most of sampled trees showed trunk gummosis or stem pitting. The presence of PBNSPaV was tested by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using primer set PBN195F/PBN195R (5′-CTGGTCTTCCTGCTACTCCTT-3′/5′-AAGCCCACAATCTCAGAGCG-3′) designed for the detection of the coat protein (CP) gene of the virus. Total RNA was extracted from leaves using a CTAB protocol reported by Li et al. (2). Products of the expected size of 190 bp were amplified from 20 samples, including seven cultivated peach, four ornamental peach, one nectarine, two plum, one ornamental plum, three sweet cherry, and two flowering cherry samples. All trees positive for PBNSPaV showed stem pitting symptoms on the base of the trunk. To further confirm these results, a 590-base region of the heat shock protein 70 homolog (HSP70h) gene was amplified by RT-PCR using primers HSP-P1/HSP-P2 (5′-GGAATTGACTTCGGTACAAC-3′/5′-TCGAAAGTACCACCACCGAA-3′). Amplicons of the expected size were cloned into the vector pMD18-T (TaKaRa, Dalian, China) and sequenced by Genscript Corp. (Nanjing, China). Sequences of 18 PBNSPaV isolates were deposited in GenBank with Accession Nos. JF810177–JF810194. Sequence comparisons showed that the partial HSP70h gene from the Chinese PBNSPaV isolates shared 82.2 to 100% nucleotide (nt) and 94.0 to 100% amino acid (aa) similarities between them and 83.6 to 99.1% nt and 94 to 100% aa similarities with the corresponding region of the other PBNSPaV isolates deposited in GenBank. In July 2010, peach GF305 seedlings were inoculated by side grafting with budwoods from two PBNSPaV-positive ornamental peach plants. In June 2011, grooving symptom was observed on the stems of the seedlings and the virus was detected by RT-PCR. The results further confirmed PBNSPaV infection in China. These results show that PBNSPaV and the associated disease occur in main cultivated and ornamental Prunus species in China. Given the importance and the devastating symptoms of the disease, it is important to prevent virus spread by using virus-tested propagation materials. References: (1) M. Al Rwahnih et al. Arch. Virol. 152:2197, 2007. (2) R. Li et al. J. Virol. Methods 154:48, 2008. (3) D. B. Marini et al. Plant Dis. 86:415, 2002.

scholarly journals Attractiveness of stone fruits production in the Czech Republic

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-118
Author(s):  
Dagmar Kudová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Fruit Processing ◽  
Fruit Orchards ◽  
Criteria For Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Matrix

The paper deals with evaluation of attractiveness of stone fruits production in Czech Republic using the industry attractiveness evaluation matrix according to the methodology of Higgins and Vincze (1989). It was identifies the key criteria for evaluation of attractiveness, described in detail and eva­lua­ted from the viewpoint of a producer operating in the stone fruits production industry. According to the data of the Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture (OTK ÚKZÚZ) for 2008, 1166 entities (companies and growers) farmed on 21 738 hectares of fruit orchards, of which 6 730 ha were aimed on stone fruit production.Total sales for the production of stone fruits decreased by 34.5 % in the period of 2004–2008. Production of stone fruit can be sold through sales co-operatives, to a fruit processing company or in­de­pen­dent­ly. Czech Ministry of Agriculture and the EU through the State Agricultural Intervention Fund stated a range of support programs under which it is possible to apply for funding. Attractiveness of the production of stone fruit is evaluated as below average; the result of the industry attractiveness evaluation matrix for this sector equals 1.84, which is lower than the average score of 3.00.

scholarly journals First Report of Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus on Stone Fruit Trees in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Zhou ◽  
G. P. Wang ◽  
L. N. Qu ◽  
C. L. Deng ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cherry Tree ◽  
First Report ◽  
Pcr Products

During the growing seasons of 2010 through 2012, leaf tissues from 206 stone fruit trees, including one flowering cherry, three sour cherry, six nectarine (Prunus persica L. var. nucipersica Schneider), 14 apricot, 24 plum (P. domestica L.), 41 sweet cherry, and 117 peach [P. persica (L.) Batsch] trees, grown in six provinces of China, were randomly collected and tested for the CNRMV infection by RT-PCR. Out of those sampled trees, 37 showed shot holes and vein yellowing symptoms. Total RNA was extracted from leaves using the CTAB protocol reported by Li et al. (2). The primer pair CGRMV1/CGRMV2 (1) was used to amplify a fragment of 949 bp from CNRMV genome, which includes the CP gene (804 bp). PCR products with the expected size were detected in one sweet cherry, one apricot, one peach, one plum, and two sour cherry plants. However, no correlation between PCR data and symptom expression could be found. PCR products were cloned into the vector pMD18-T (TaKaRa, Dalian, China). Three independent clones from each isolate were sequenced by Genscript Corp., Nanjing, China, and sequences were deposited in the GenBank under accession nos. JX491635, JX491636, JX491637, JX648205, and JX648206. Results of sequence analysis showed that sequences of the five CNRMV isolates shared the highest nt (99.0 to 99.6%) and aa (98.9 to 100%) similarities with a cherry isolate from Germany (GenBank Accession No. AF237816). The sequence of one isolate from a peach tree (JX648205) was divergent and shared only 84.7 to 86.1% nt and 94.4 to 95.1% aa similarities with those cp sequences. Clones intra each isolate shared more than 99% nt similarities. To confirm CNRMV infection, seedlings of peach GF 305 were graft-inoculated with bud-woods from a peach and a sweet cherry tree, which was positive to CNRMV and also two other viruses: Cherry green ring mottle virus (CGRMV) and Plum bark necrosis stem pitting-associated virus (PBNSPaV), as tested by RT-PCR. Grafted seedlings were kept in an insectproof greenhouse and observed for symptom development. In May of the following year, some newly developed leaves of inoculated seedlings showed vein yellowing, ringspot, and shot hole symptoms. Results of Protein A sandwich (PAS)-ELISA using an antiserum raised against the recombinant CP of a CNRMV isolate (unpublished) and RT-PCR confirmed CNRMV infection in inoculated trees. In addition to CNRMV, tested seedlings were also found to be infected with CGRMV and PBNSPaV by RT-PCR. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the occurrence of CNRMV on stone fruit trees in China, and also the first record of the CNRMV infection in peach and plum plants. Given the economic importance of its hosts and the visible symptoms of the viral disease, it is important to prevent the virus spread by using virus-tested propagation materials. References: (1) R. Li and R. Mock. J. Virol. Methods 129:162, 2005. (2) R. Li et al. J. Virol. Methods 154:48, 2008.

Studies of rootstocks for stone fruit breeds (sweet cherry) in the condition of Hissar valley in Tajikistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Rahima I. Ismoilova ◽  
Sodzhida D. Umarova
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Wild Cherry ◽  
Phenological Observation ◽  
Entire Observation Period ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Leaf System ◽  
Observation Period

This paper is about studying the rootstocks for stone fruit breeds (sweet cherry) in condition of Hissar valley in Tajikistan. Each type of rootstock has its own biological characteristics and imposes specific requirements for growing and development, both during reproduction in the mother plantation and during the growth of trees. For example, the root system in sour cherry is more superficial that of wild sweet cherry. Therefore, the care of trees grafted on sour cherry and wild cherry and of mother plantation bushes of these rootstocks cannot be same. Besides, there are very significant differences among the individual groups of rootstocks. Wild cherry, Mahaleb cherry and Lubskaya cherry are used as rootstocks in the conditions of the Hissar Valley in Tajikistan. High specificity of sweet cherry cultivar varieties depends on the rootstocks. Phenological observation were carried out in our experiments during years 2013-2018 in order to study their winter resistance, yield capacity and fruit quality. The same care for root and grafted plants was carried out during the entire observation period. At the same time a certain ratio between the leaf system of the rootstock and the graft was maintained by trimming the crown. As a result of the evolution and selection, we have identified the wild cherry forms which are distinguished by the highest yields. The most valuable cultivar varieties are Napoleon cherry and Bagration cherry. Compotes made of these varieties have received high evaluation in tasting.

Bacterial canker of stone-fruit trees in California

Hilgardia ◽  
1933 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward E. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Bacterial Canker
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