scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Analysis of Vibrio spp Isolated from Different Types of Water Sources of Bangladesh and Their Characterization

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Pathogenic Vibrio ◽  
Vibrio Spp

Cholera is an acute form of the diarrheal disease that plagued human civilization over the centuries. The enormity of human sufferings led clinicians and scientists to carry out extensive research on cholera and Vibrio cholerae leading to major discoveries that opened up novel areas of research or new disciplines in biomedical sciences. An attempt is made here to summarize some of these breakthroughs and outline their significance in broader perspectives. In the present study, a total of 12 samples were collected from four types of water sources for isolation of Vibrio spp. Water samples are enrichment into alkaline peptone water then inoculate into culture media such as Nutrient agar, MacConkey, and Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salts Sucrose (TCBS) agar medium. After incubation of TCBS plates for 24h at 37°C yellow and green colonies are screened out for biochemical identification. No-sucrose fermenting Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio mimicus, and Vibrio vulnificus show green colonies and sucrose fermenting Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio alginolyticus show yellow colonies on TCBS. To identify the Vibrio spp isolates biochemical test was carried out and typical Vibrio spp give a positive result. The majority of Vibrio spp are avirulent, but certain strains may be sporadically human pathogenic. The antibiotic resistance studies showed that among the 9 isolates were resistant against Erythromycin, Penicillin, Cephalexin, Vancomycin and 4 isolates resistant against Tetracycline. To expand current knowledge of the occurrence, ecological niche and persistence of potential human pathogenic Vibrio spp in aquatic environments, occurrence, and laboratory studies were performed.

Multiplex PCR assay for identification of three major pathogenic Vibrio spp., Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 174-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidemasa Izumiya ◽  
Kazutoshi Matsumoto ◽  
Shunsuke Yahiro ◽  
Jiyoung Lee ◽  
Masatomo Morita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Multiplex Pcr Assay ◽  
Pathogenic Vibrio ◽  
Vibrio Spp

scholarly journals Abundance of pathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Vibrio cholerae in Nkonkobe drinking water sources

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maggy N. B. Momba ◽  
Veronica K. Malakate ◽  
Jacques Theron
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Drinking Water Sources

In order to study the prevalence of enteric pathogens capable of causing infection and disease in the rural communities of Nkonkobe, bacterial isolates were collected from several surface water and groundwater sources used by the community for their daily water needs. By making use of selective culture media and the 20E API kit, presumptive Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Vibrio cholerae isolates were obtained and then analysed by polymerase chain reaction assays (PCR). The PCR successfully amplified from water samples a fragment of E. coli uidA gene that codes for β-D-glucuronidase which is a highly specific characteristic of enteropathogenic E. coli, enterotoxigenic E. coli and entero-invasive E. coli. The PCR also amplified the epsM gene from water samples containing toxigenic V. cholerae. Although E. coli was mostly detected in groundwater sources, toxigenic V. cholerae was detected in both surface and groundwater sources. There was a possibility of Salmonella typhimurium in Ngqele and Dyamala borehole water samples. The presence of these pathogenic bacteria in the above drinking water sources may pose a serious health risk to consumers.

scholarly journals Characteristics of anti-Vibrio harveyi compounds produced by Bacillus spp. isolated from shrimp ponds

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iman Rusmana ◽  
ISRAMILDA ISRAMILDA ◽  
Alina Akhdiya
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Vibrio Harveyi ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Shrimp Ponds ◽  
Pathogenic Vibrio ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Vibrio Spp ◽  
Filtration Technique

Abstract. Rusmana I, Isramilda, Akhdiya A. 2021. Characteristics of anti-Vibrio harveyi compounds produced by Bacillus spp. isolated from shrimp ponds. Biodiversitas 22: 4872-4879. Pathogenic Vibrio spp. such as Vibrio vulnificus, V. alginolyticus, V. fluvialis, V. anguillarum, and V. harveyi caused shrimp diseases. The application of bacterial probiotics can control the growth of pathogenic Vibrio in shrimp. Bacillus spp. can produce antimicrobial compounds that inhibit the growth of pathogenic Vibrio spp. Isolation of Bacillus from several pond water samples, pond sediment, and shrimp intestines was successfully collected 175 isolates of Bacillus spp. Three isolates, i.e., Ltw54, Lts36, dan Lts40 had a high inhibitory index and stability in inhibiting the growth of Vibrio harveyi. Verification assay showed that Bacillus sp. Lts40 had the highest antimicrobial activity. The competition assay showed that Bacillus sp Lts40 isolates inhibited the growth of V. harveyi up to 81,8%. The antimicrobial compound produced by Bacillus sp. Lts40 was stable at the pH range of 3-11 and remained stable after heating at 100ºC for 20 minutes. The purification results using the chromatographic filtration technique showed that the protein fraction with a molecular weight of 47,38 kDa effectively inhibited V. harveyi growth. Bacillus sp. Lts40 isolate has potential application as a probiotic agent in shrimp ponds to control the growth of V. harveyi that causes luminous vibriosis diseases and the antimicrobial substance is potentially to be developed and produced as an anti-V. harveyi product that can be applied in a shrimp hatchery.

Occurrence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae, and Vibrio vulnificus in the Aquacultural Environments of Taiwan

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 969-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
YAO HSIEN TEY ◽  
KOA-JEN JONG ◽  
SHIN-YUAN FEN ◽  
HIN-CHUNG WONG
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Isolation Frequency ◽  
Freshwater Ponds ◽  
Pathogenic Vibrio ◽  
Southern Taiwan

The occurrence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, and Vibrio cholerae in a total of 72 samples from six aquaculture ponds for groupers, milk fish, and tilapia in southern Taiwan was examined by the membrane filtration and colony hybridization method. The halophilic V. parahaemolyticus was only recovered in seawater ponds, with a high isolation frequency of 86.1% and a mean density of 2.6 log CFU/g. V. cholerae was found in both the seawater and freshwater ponds but preferentially in freshwater ponds, with a frequency of 72.2% and a mean density of 1.65 log CFU/g. V. vulnificus was identified mainly in seawater ponds, with an isolation frequency of 27.8%. The density of V. parahaemolyticus in seawater ponds was positively related to water temperature (Pearson correlation coefficient, r = 0.555) and negatively related to salinity (r = −0.333). The density of V. cholerae in all six ponds was positively related to water temperature (r = 0.342) and negatively related to salinity (r = −0.432). Two putatively pathogenic tdh+ V. parahaemolyticus isolates (1.4% of the samples) and no ctx+ V. cholerae isolates were identified. The experimental results may facilitate assessments of the risk posed by these pathogenic Vibrio species in Taiwan, where aquaculture provides a large part of the seafood supply.

scholarly journals Producing Active Secondary Metabolite Against Pathogenic Vibrio spp. by Actinobacteria-Sodium Alginate Co-Culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-264
Author(s):  
Nuril Azhar ◽  
Ervia Yudiati ◽  
Subagiyo Subagiyo ◽  
Rabia Alghazeer
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Genus Streptomyces ◽  
Streptomyces Spp ◽  
Pathogenic Vibrio ◽  
Vibrio Spp

Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio harveyi have been found in aquatic environments and suspected as the primary trigger of WFD (White Feces Disease) outbreaks in aquaculture. This Vibrio spp. has an antibiotic resistance to Ampicillin, Co-Amoxiclav, Amoxicillin, Azithromycin, Actinobacteria and Ciprofloxacin HCL. Actinobacteria and alginate have been reported to increase the marine biota resistance against diseases through prebiotic and probiotic mechanisms. This study aims to discover and increase the secondary metabolite production of Actinobacteria-Alginate and its ability as anti-vibrio. Alginate extraction in the samples dated September 2020 originally from Teluk Awur Bays, Jepara, Central Java, Indonesia (33.73±1.84%) was considerably higher than in May 2021 (22.67±0.3%). Samples were taken from sediment and mangrove root. Actinobacteria strains are macroscopically and microscopically similar to the genus Streptomyces. The most well-known antibiotics were produced by Streptomyces spp. The anti-vibrio test was carried out by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion. The results were observed by measuring the inhibition zone surrounding the paper disc using a digital calliper. Co-culture strain 90 together with alginate have an approved antibacterial activity against all Vibrio spp. in the concentration of 10.disc-1 mg and 5 mg.disc-1. Co-culture Actinobacteria with alginate has remarkably changed the green-yellow color to olive green/dark red-orange (strains 3, 62, 63, 72, and 90), indicating the transformation of the formation alginate with pigments into other compounds through the biosynthetic pathway. Therefore, alginate enables to support of Actinobacteria by induction the active secondary metabolite as an anti-vibrio to counteract the bacterial pathogen diseases.

The Use of Genetic Typing Methods to Discriminate Among Strains of Vibrio cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus

2010 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 1553-1569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Staley ◽  
Valerie J Harwood
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Population Biology ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Group V ◽  
Multiple Gene ◽  
Virulence Potential ◽  
Pathogenic Vibrio ◽  
Typing Methods ◽  
Disease Epidemics ◽  
Vibrio Spp

Abstract This review article summarizes the findings of recent typing studies conducted on Vibrio cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus. The DNA-based methods used to type the Vibrio spp. include whole genome approaches, such as pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), ribotyping, and repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP)-PCR, single gene targets, and multiple gene targets (multilocus approaches). The goals of these studies include establishing the relatedness of isolates from disease epidemics, discriminating among strains with more or less potential to cause disease or epidemics, and exploring the population biology of these waterborne pathogens. PFGE was consistently among the more discriminatory of the typing methods for all three Vibrio spp., and was useful for tracing the temporal and geographic relatedness of epidemic strains of V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus. However, PFGE did not group V. vulnificus strains according to the genotypes that have been proposed as markers of virulence potential. Typing methods that target repetitive elements distributed throughout the genome, such as BOX-PCR and REP-PCR, and DNA sequence-based methods, such as multilocus sequence typing, were also highly discriminatory and, in some cases, superior to PFGE for phylogenetic analysis and identification of strains with high epidemic or virulence potential. As typing methods and strategies are refined and used, the epidemiology, virulence potential, and ecology of these pathogenic Vibrio spp. will become better understood.

Occurrence, Seasonal Distribution, and Molecular Characterization of Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio cholerae, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Shellfish (Mytilus galloprovincialis and Ruditapes decussatus) Collected in Sardinia (Italy)

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (11) ◽  
pp. 1851-1856 ◽  
Author(s):  
SONIA LAMON ◽  
SIMONETTA G. CONSOLATI ◽  
FEDERICA FOIS ◽  
MARIA G. CAMBULA ◽  
MARGHERITA PES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Ruditapes Decussatus ◽  
Pathogenic Vibrios ◽  
Vibrio Spp

ABSTRACT In this study, we investigated the occurrence, seasonal distribution, and molecular characterization of pathogenic vibrios in Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and grooved carpet shells (Ruditapes decussatus) from two harvesting areas of Sardinia (Italy). Samples collected before and after depuration were submitted for qualitative and quantitative determination of Vibrio spp. Vibrio spp. isolates were presumptively identified by means of biochemical methods. Identification and virulence profile of Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus were performed by molecular methods. The prevalence of Vibrio spp. in M. galloprovincialis and R. decussatus was, respectively, 96 and 77%. The averaged enumeration (mean ± standard deviation) of Vibrio spp. in samples of M. galloprovincialis and R. decussatus collected at the harvesting time was 2.04 ± 0.45 and 2.51 ± 0.65 log CFU/g, respectively. The average contamination levels in samples collected after purification were 2.28 ± 0.58 log CFU/g (M. galloprovincialis) and 2.12 ± 0.67 log CFU/g (R. decussatus). Four potentially pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus isolates (tdh+ or trh+) were recovered from grooved carpet shells samples. No isolate was tdh+/trh+. The presence of potentially pathogenic vibrios in Sardinian waters strengthens the need for rational purification practices under controlled conditions to guarantee the protection of consumers.

Response of Pathogenic Vibrio Species to High Hydrostatic Pressure

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 2776-2780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Berlin ◽  
Diane S. Herson ◽  
Doris T. Hicks ◽  
Dallas G. Hoover
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
High Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Vbnc State ◽  
Pathogenic Vibrio ◽  
Vibrio Mimicus ◽  
Vibrio Hollisae ◽  
Pressure Resistance

ABSTRACT Vibrio parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802, Vibrio vulnificus ATCC 27562, Vibrio cholerae O:1 ATCC 14035, Vibrio cholerae non-O:1 ATCC 14547, Vibrio hollisae ATCC 33564, and Vibrio mimicus ATCC 33653 were treated with 200 to 300 MPa for 5 to 15 min at 25°C. High hydrostatic pressure inactivated all strains of pathogenicVibrio without triggering a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state; however, cells already existing in a VBNC state appeared to possess greater pressure resistance.

Coastal Microbiomes Reveal Associations between Pathogenic Vibrio Species, Environmental Factors, and Planktonic Communities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel E. Diner ◽  
Drishti Kaul ◽  
Ariel Rabines ◽  
Hong Zheng ◽  
Joshua A Steele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Vibrio Species ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Environmental Preferences ◽  
Pathogenic Vibrio ◽  
Vibrio Spp

Abstract Background Many species of coastal Vibrio spp. bacteria can infect humans, representing an emerging health threat linked to increasing seawater temperatures. Vibrio interactions with the planktonic community impact coastal ecology and human infection potential. In particular, interactions with eukaryotic and photosynthetic organism may provide attachment substrate and critical nutrients (e.g. chitin, phytoplankton exudates) that facilitate the persistence, diversification, and spread of pathogenic Vibrio spp.. Vibrio interactions with these organisms in an environmental context are, however, poorly understood. Results After quantifying pathogenic Vibrio species, including V. cholerae , V. parahaemolyticus , and V. vulnificus, over one year at 5 sites, we found that all three species reached high abundances, particularly during Summer months, and exhibited species-specific temperature and salinity distributions. Using metabarcoding we established a detailed profile of the both prokaryotic and eukaryotic coastal microbial communities, finding that pathogenic species were frequently associated with specific ASVs of chitin-producing eukaryotes such as diatoms and copepods. Furthermore, environmental variables had a significant effect not only on pathogenic Vibrio species but entire microbial communities, suggesting in some cases shared environmental preferences. Several significant ASV-level associations were revealed, indicating that commonly used broad taxonomic classifications (e.g. based on microbial class or Vibrio as a genus) likely mask ecologically important interactions. Shotgun metagenomic analyses revealed diverse vibrio communities that harbored additional potential vibrio pathogens, antibiotic resistance genes, and genes associated with virulence. Conclusions Taken together, this data shows that abundant pathogenic Vibrio species likely containing both antibiotic resistance and virulence-associated genes are associated with chitin producing organisms which could act as an attachment substrate, facilitating environmental persistence and horizontal gene transfer. Shared environmental conditions such as high temperatures were associated with both high levels of pathogenic vibrios and potential environmental reservoirs, which should be taken into consideration when modelling vibrio infection risk in the face of climate change and identifying biomarkers of pathogen species. Furthermore, ASV-level associations may be critical to understanding vibrio microbial ecology and should be taken into consideration while developing environmentally relevant laboratory model systems.

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