scholarly journals Interference of post-emergent herbicides with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity parameters/ Interferência de herbicidas pós-emergentes sobre parâmetros produtivos do trigo (Triticum aestivum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 60829-60840
Author(s):  
Eduardo Carlos Rüdell ◽  
Argel José Giacomini ◽  
Dieferson Frandaloso ◽  
Bianca Antoniolli Zanrosso ◽  
Fernando Machado dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Crop Rotation System

Wheat is the most important income-generating crop in southern Brazil during the cold season. It also contributes to the crop rotation system and increases the yield of successive crops. During its growth cycle, herbicides are used to control weeds, which are the main factor limiting wheat productivity. Further, high costs of weed control directly affect crop economic returns. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the application of two herbicides, namely, 2,4-D and iodosulfuron-methyl, on the productivity of two wheat cultivars during the nine different stages of crop development. The most suitable crop stage for herbicide application, as described in the corresponding label on the package, is at the beginning of tillering. 2,4-D had a significant impact on productivity parameters, reducing the number of tillers, the number of ears, and the number of tillers without grains, while increasing the number of tillers without ears and ears without grains, indicating greater phytotoxicity and, ultimately, reducing crop productivity. Conversely, iodosulfuron-methyl showed greater selectivity to the wheat cultivars tested and caused a much lesser impact on the productivity parameters measured.

The Effect of Boron on Pollen Development in Two Wheat Cultivars (Triticum aestivum L., cv. ‘Fang 60’ and ‘SW 41’)

2002 ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duangjai Nachiangmai ◽  
Bernie Dell ◽  
Longbin Huang ◽  
Richard W. Bell ◽  
Benjavan Rerkasem
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Pollen Development ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Cultivars

scholarly journals Contribution of Ascorbate and Glutathione in Endobacteria Bacillus subtilis-Mediated Drought Tolerance in Two Triticum aestivum L. Genotypes Contrasting in Drought Sensitivity

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2557
Author(s):  
Dilara Maslennikova ◽  
Oksana Lastochkina
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Subtilis Strain ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Adaptation To Drought ◽  
Significant Activation

We evaluated the effect of endobacteria Bacillus subtilis (strain 10–4) as a co-inoculant for promoting plant growth and redox metabolism in two contrasting genotypes of Triticum aestivum L. (wheat): Ekada70 (drought tolerant (DT)) and Salavat Yulaev (drought susceptible (DS)) in early stages of adaptation to drought (12% PEG–6000). Results revealed that drought reduced growth and dramatically augmented oxidative stress markers, i.e., hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation (MDA). Furthermore, the depletion of ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH), accompanied by a significant activation of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR), in both stressed wheat cultivars (which was more pronounced in DS genotype) was found. B. subtilis had a protective effect on growth and antioxidant status, wherein the stabilization of AsA and GSH levels was revealed. This was accompanied by a decrease of drought-caused APX and GR activation in DS plants, while in DT plants additional antioxidant accumulation and GR activation were observed. H2O2 and MDA were considerably reduced in both drought-stressed wheat genotypes because of the application of B. subtilis. Thus, the findings suggest the key roles in B. subtilis-mediated drought tolerance in DS cv. Salavat Yulaev and DT cv. Ekada70 played are AsA and GSH, respectively; which, in both cases, resulted in reduced cell oxidative damage and improved growth in seedlings under drought.

scholarly journals Growth and clorophyll content dynamics of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in different cropyear

2013 ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Enikő Vári
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Crop Rotation System ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

The experiments were carried out at the Látókép experimental station of the University of Debrecen on chernozem soil in a long term winter wheat experiment in the season of 2011 and 2012 in triculture (pea-wheat-maize) and biculture (wheat-maize) at three fertilisation levels (control, N50+P35K40, N150+P105K120). Two different cropyears were compared (2011 and 2012). The research focused on the effects of forecrop and fertilisation on the Leaf Area Index, SPAD values and the amount of yield in two different cropyears. We wanted to find out how the examined parameters were affected by the cropyear and what the relationship was between these two parameters and the changes of the amount of yield. Examining the effects of growing doses of fertilizers applied, results showed that yields increased significantly in both rotations until the N150+PK level in 2011 and 2012. By comparing the two years, results show that in 2011 there was a greater difference in yields between the rotations (7742 kg ha-1 at N150+PK in the biculture and 9830 kg ha-1 at N150+PK in the triculture). Though wheat yields following peas were greater in 2012, results equalized later on at N150+PK levels (8109–8203 kg ha-1). Due to the favorable agrotechnical factors, the leaf and the effects of the treatments grown to a great extent in 2011, while in 2012 the differences between treatments were moderate. Until the N150+PK level, nitrogen fertilisation had a notable effect on the maximum amount of SPAD values (59.1 in the case of the biculture and 54.0 in the triculture). The highest SPAD values were measured at the end of May (during the time of flowering and grain filling) in the biculture. In the triculture, showed high SPAD values from the beginning. The same tendency could be observed in the 2012 cropyear, although increasing doses of fertilizers resulted in higher SPAD values until N150+PK level only from the second measurement. Maximum SPAD values were reached at the end of May in both crop rotation system

scholarly journals Polymorphism of Gli-D1 alleles of Kragujevac’s winter wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.)

Genetika ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-282
Author(s):  
Desimir Knezevic ◽  
Aleksandra Novoselskaya-Dragovich
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Number Of Components ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars

Composition of gliadins encoded by Gli-D1 allele as well polymorphisms of Gli-D1 allele investigated in 25 wheat cultivars by using acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Electrophoregrams obtained by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were used for estimation variability of gliadin components and identification of gliadin blocks. Five gliadin blocks encoded by different alleles at Gli-D1 locus were apparently expressed and identified. Gliadin blocks differed according to number of components and their molecular mass. Variability of determined block components indicates that existing polymorphisms of gliadins alleles. Frequency of identified 5 alleles at Gli-D1 locus was in ratio from 4% to 52%. The highest frequency of b allele and the of g allele was found.

scholarly journals Variation of grain growth of wheat cultivars

1970 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-359
Author(s):  
SK Adhikary ◽  
MZ Alam ◽  
NK Paul
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Wheat Cultivars

An experiment was carried out to study the grain growth pattern of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars and to find out association and linear regression of spike weight and grain weight with time. Spike characters indicated that cultivar differences were significant in all the cases with a few exceptions. Linear regression and correlation coefficients revealed that the association between both spike weight and grain weight with time were highly positively significant among the cultivars but their regression coefficients were non- significant. Key Words: Grain growth, correlation, regression, wheat. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i3.3960 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(3) : 351-359, September 2009

scholarly journals The Variability of Puroindoline-Encoding Alleles and Their Influence on Grain Hardness in Modern Wheat Cultivars Cultivated in Poland, Breeding Lines and Polish Old Landraces (Triticum aestivum L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1075
Author(s):  
Mateusz Przyborowski ◽  
Sebastian Gasparis ◽  
Maciej Kała ◽  
Wacław Orczyk ◽  
Anna Nadolska-Orczyk
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Grain Hardness ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Modern Wheat

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain hardness is determined mainly by variations in puroindoline genes (Pina-D1 and Pinb-D1), which are located on the short arm of chromosome 5D. This trait has a direct effect on the technological properties of the flour and the final product quality. The objective of the study was to analyze the mutation frequency in both Pin genes and their influence on grain hardness in 118 modern bread wheat cultivars and breeding lines cultivated in Poland, and 80 landraces from Poland. The PCR products containing the Pin gene coding sequences were sequenced by the Sanger method. Based on detected the SNPs (single-nucleotide polymorphisms) we designed CAPS (cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence) markers for the fast screening of Pinb alleles in a large number of genotypes. All analyzed cultivars, breeding lines, and landraces possess the wild-type Pina-D1a allele. Allelic variation was observed within the Pinb gene. The most frequently occurring allele in modern wheat cultivars and breeding lines (over 50%) was Pinb-D1b. The contribution of the remaining alleles (Pinb-D1a, Pinb-D1c, and Pinb-D1d) was much less (approx. 15% each). In landraces, the most frequent allele was Pinb-D1a (over 70%), followed by Pinb-D1b (21% frequency). Pinb-D1c and Pinb-D1g were found in individual varieties. SKCS (single-kernel characterization system) analysis revealed that grain hardness was strictly connected with Pinb gene allelic variation in most tested cultivars. The mean grain hardness values were significantly greater in cultivars with mutant Pinb variants as compared to those with the wild-type Pinb-D1a allele. Based on grain hardness measured by SKCS, we classified the analyzed cultivars and lines into different classes according to a previously proposed classification system.

DEVELOPMENTAL MORPHOLOGY OF THE INFLORESCENCE IN HEXAPLOID WHEAT CULTIVARS WITH AND WITHOUT THE CULTIVAR NORIN 10 IN THEIR ANCESTRY

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN E. FISHER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Leaf Primordia ◽  
Developmental Pattern ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Developmental Morphology ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
The Individual

The morphological development of the spike in short-statured hexaploid wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) derived from the cultivar Norin 10, and in Norin 10 as well, was markedly different from that in standard hexaploid wheats. In Norin 10 and its derivatives, the single ridges (slowly growing leaf primordia) on the elongating apex were considerably larger and spikelet primordia initiation and expansion were markedly delayed, resulting in a long apex with many single ridges. When spikelet development commenced, it was much more synchronous and hence gave rise to longer heads than in standard wheat in which spikelet development began soon after the start of the elongation of the apex. In most Norin 10 derivatives, more spikelets were initiated than in standard wheat. Apical dominance in the spike appeared to be stronger than in standard wheats. Also, apical dominance within the individual spikelets appeared to be greater, the net result being more fertile florets per spikelet. The developmental pattern of the spike of Norin 10 and its derivatives resembled, to a marked degree, the developmental pattern of rye (Secale cereale L.).

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