Noncompaction of the left ventricular myocardium as a cause of stroke in young people: a report of two cases / Não compactação do miocárdio ventricular esquerdo como causa de AVC em jovens: um relatório de dois casos

Abstract Background To investigate the effects of telmisartan on the protein profiles of the left ventricular myocardium in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Methods Sixteen SHR were randomly divided into control and telmisartan treatment groups. Rats were treated with sterile water (10 ml/kg) or telmisartan (4.33 mg/kg) by gavage for 12 weeks. Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats treated with sterile water (10 ml/kg) as controls. At the end of 12 weeks of control or telmisartan treatment, rats were sacrificed, and hearts were collected for protein preparations, isotope labeling, and mass spectrometric analysis. Results In total, there were 23 differentially expressed proteins in the left ventricular myocardium between control and telmisartan treatment groups in SHR. Compared with the telmisartan group, the upregulated proteins in the SHR were dual-specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3-like, transgelin, and haptoglobin subtype 2. The downregulated proteins in the SHR were as follows: von Willebrand factor (fragment), kininogen 1, small ribonucleoprotein-related protein, fibrinogen beta chain, protein mass 3 (fragment), proteasome 26s, heat shock protein 27-related protein 1, tenascin X, fibronectin subtype 2, transferrin receptor protein, platelets 1, cathepsin L1, complement factor B, isoform CRA_b, fibrinogen isomer, immunoglobulin heavy chain (γ polypeptide), and α 1 antiprotease. Conclusions Telmisartan differentially regulates myocardial protein expression in hypertensive rats including heat shock protein 27, fibrinogen, fibronectin, proteasome 26s and transgelin, as well as proteins in biochemical, metabolic, and signal transduction pathways. These changes in protein expression may contribute to the antihypertrophic effects of telmisartan in hypertension.

Download Full-text

Remodeling of t-system and proteins underlying excitation-contraction coupling in aging versus failing human heart

npj Aging and Mechanisms of Disease ◽

10.1038/s41514-021-00066-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yankun Lyu ◽

Vipin K. Verma ◽

Younjee Lee ◽

Iosif Taleb ◽

Rachit Badolia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Function ◽

Ventricular Myocardium ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Left Ventricular Myocardium ◽

Excitation Contraction Coupling ◽

Transverse Tubular System ◽

Contraction Coupling ◽

Senescent Phenotype ◽

Cellular Microstructure ◽

T System

AbstractIt is well established that the aging heart progressively remodels towards a senescent phenotype, but alterations of cellular microstructure and their differences to chronic heart failure (HF) associated remodeling remain ill-defined. Here, we show that the transverse tubular system (t-system) and proteins underlying excitation-contraction coupling in cardiomyocytes are characteristically remodeled with age. We shed light on mechanisms of this remodeling and identified similarities and differences to chronic HF. Using left ventricular myocardium from donors and HF patients with ages between 19 and 75 years, we established a library of 3D reconstructions of the t-system as well as ryanodine receptor (RyR) and junctophilin 2 (JPH2) clusters. Aging was characterized by t-system alterations and sarcolemmal dissociation of RyR clusters. This remodeling was less pronounced than in HF and accompanied by major alterations of JPH2 arrangement. Our study indicates that targeting sarcolemmal association of JPH2 might ameliorate age-associated deficiencies of heart function.

Download Full-text

Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease with Mitral Valve Prolapse and Mitral Annular Disjunction: Clinical and Functional Significance of the Coincidence

Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease ◽

10.3390/jcdd8020009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 9

Author(s):

Nina C. Wunderlich ◽

Siew Yen Ho ◽

Nir Flint ◽

Robert J. Siegel

Keyword(s):

Mitral Valve ◽

Mitral Valve Disease ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Mitral Annulus ◽

Ventricular Myocardium ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Valve Disease ◽

Left Ventricular Myocardium ◽

Basal Portion

The morphological changes that occur in myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) involve various components, ultimately leading to the impairment of mitral valve (MV) function. In this context, intrinsic mitral annular abnormalities are increasingly recognized, such as a mitral annular disjunction (MAD), a specific anatomical abnormality whereby there is a distinct separation between the mitral annulus and the left atrial wall and the basal portion of the posterolateral left ventricular myocardium. In recent years, several studies have suggested that MAD contributes to myxomatous degeneration of the mitral leaflets, and there is growing evidence that MAD is associated with ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. In this review, the morphological characteristics of MAD and imaging tools for diagnosis will be described, and the clinical and functional aspects of the coincidence of MAD and myxomatous MVP will be discussed.

Download Full-text

β-blockade abolishes the augmented cardiac tPA release induced by transactivation of heterodimerised bradykinin receptor-2 and β2-adrenergic receptor in vivo

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1160/th14-01-0059 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 112 (11) ◽

pp. 951-959 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Morten Eriksen ◽

Arnfinn Ilebekk ◽

Alessandro Cataliotti ◽

Cathrine Rein Carlson ◽

Torstein Lyberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adrenergic Receptor ◽

Sympathetic Nerves ◽

Ventricular Myocardium ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Left Ventricular Myocardium ◽

Adrenergic Stimulation ◽

Β2 Adrenergic Receptor ◽

Β Blocker

SummaryBradykinin (BK) receptor-2 (B2R) and β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) have been shown to form heterodimers in vitro. However, in vivo proofs of the functional effects of B2R-β2AR heterodimerisation are missing. Both BK and adrenergic stimulation are known inducers of tPA release. Our goal was to demonstrate the existence of B2R-β2AR heterodimerisation in myocardium and to define its functional effect on cardiac release of tPA in vivo. We further investigated the effects of a non-selective β-blocker on this receptor interplay. To investigate functional effects of B2R-β2AR heterodimerisation (i. e. BK transactivation of β2AR) in vivo, we induced serial electrical stimulation of cardiac sympathetic nerves (SS) in normal pigs that underwent concomitant BK infusion. Both SS and BK alone induced increases in cardiac tPA release. Importantly, despite B2R desensitisation, simultaneous BK infusion and SS (BK+SS) was characterised by 2.3 ± 0.3-fold enhanced tPA release compared to SS alone. When β-blockade (propranolol) was introduced prior to BK+SS, tPA release was inhibited. A persistent B2R-β2AR heterodimer was confirmed in BK-stimulated and nonstimulated left ventricular myocardium by immunoprecipitation studies and under non-reducing gel conditions. All together, these results strongly suggest BK transactivation of β2AR leading to enhanced β2AR-mediated release of tPA. Importantly, non-selective β-blockade inhibits both SS-induced release of tPA and the functional effects of B2R-β2AR heterodimerisation in vivo, which may have important clinical implications.

Download Full-text

Heart transplantation in an adult patient with isolated noncompaction of the left ventricular myocardium

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina46030027 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 193 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sigita Glaveckaitė ◽

Kęstutis Ručinskas ◽

Jelena Čelutkienė ◽

Vytė Maneikienė ◽

Diana Zakarkaitė ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Transplantation ◽

Adult Patient ◽

Ventricular Myocardium ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Left Ventricular Myocardium ◽

Important Process ◽

Ventricular Noncompaction ◽

Myocardial Development ◽

Myocardial Fibers ◽

Heart Lesions

Isolated noncompaction of the ventricular myocardium is defined as a rare cardiomyopathy caused by intrauterine arrest of compaction of the myocardial fibers and meshwork, an important process in myocardial development, in absence of any coexisting congenital heart lesions. A lot of controversies exist about diagnostic criteria, nomenclature, origin, pathogenesis, and prognosis of this disease. Here, we describe an adult patient with isolated left ventricular noncompaction who presented with worsening congestive heart failure and was successfully treated with heart transplantation.

Download Full-text

Heterogeneity of metabolic parameters in the left ventricular myocardium and its relation to local blood flow

Basic Research in Cardiology ◽

10.1007/s003950170008 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 96 (6) ◽

pp. 564-574 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Andreas Deussen ◽

Thomas Lauer ◽

Robert Loncar ◽

Joachim Kropp

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Ventricular Myocardium ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Metabolic Parameters ◽

Left Ventricular Myocardium ◽

Local Blood Flow

Download Full-text

Selected clinical parameters and changes in cardiac morphology and function assessed by magnetic resonance imaging in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis without clinically apparent heart disease

Clinical Rheumatology ◽

10.1007/s10067-021-05777-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wojciech Tański ◽

Paweł Gać ◽

Angelika Chachaj ◽

Małgorzata Sobieszczańska ◽

Rafał Poręba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Ventricular Myocardium ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Pericardial Fluid ◽

Independent Effect ◽

Left Ventricular Myocardium ◽

Leukocyte Antigen ◽

Independent Risk Factors ◽

Occurrence Type

Abstract Background The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between the occurrence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and the cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) changes in people without clinically overt heart disease. Methods The study group consisted of 74 people (48.81 ± 11.35 years): 29 patients with RA, 23 patients with AS and 22 people from control group. Blood samples were taken to assess laboratory parameters, disease activity was determined using activity scales, and CMR was performed. Results It was shown that the factors independently related to higher left ventricular mass index are AS occurrence, human B27 leukocyte antigen occurrence, higher neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin concentration (NGAL) and higher body mass index (BMI). The lower right ventricular ejection fraction is result of an independent effect of RA, AS and higher NGAL. RA presence, methotrexate use, higher rheumatoid factor titer, higher NGAL, older age and higher BMI should be considered independent risk factors for greater left ventricular myocardium water content. RA occurrence, AS occurrence, type 2 diabetes occurrence and a higher C-reactive protein concentration can be independently associated with a higher probability of non-ischemic left ventricular myocardium injury. Larger pericardial fluid volume is result of an independent effect of higher NGAL, higher anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies titer and higher DAS28 disease activity index. Use of steroids is protective factor against larger volume of pericardial fluid. Conclusions RA and AS in people without clinically apparent heart disease are associated with the occurrence of adverse changes in CMR. Key Points•RA and AS in people without clinically apparent heart disease are associated with the occurrence of adverse changes in CMR..•The independent risk factors for higher LVEF are AS occurrence, human B27 leukocyte antigen occurrence, higher NGAL concentration and higher BMI..•RA presence, methotrexate use, higher RF, higher NGAL, older age and higher BMI are independent risk factors for higher LV T2 ratio..•RA occurrence, AS occurrence, type 2 diabetes occurrence and a higher CRP are independently associated with a higher risk of non-ischemic LV myocardium injury..

Download Full-text

Left ventricular hydatid cyst: an uncommon cause of chest pain in young adults

Cardiology in the Young ◽

10.1017/s1047951112001230 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 460-462 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ravindranath K. Shankarappa ◽

Nagaraja Moorthy ◽

Prabhavathi Bhat ◽

Manjunath C. Nanjappa

Keyword(s):

Chest Pain ◽

Hydatid Cyst ◽

Hydatid Disease ◽

Cardiac Involvement ◽

Ventricular Myocardium ◽

Acute Onset ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Left Ventricular Myocardium ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Conventional Risk Factors

AbstractIsolated cardiac involvement in hydatid disease is very rare. We report the case of a young adult male who presented to the emergency department with acute onset of chest pain and was surprisingly detected to have a hydatid cyst in the left ventricular myocardium. The transthoracic echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the diagnosis. Cardiac hydatid disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chest pain in young individuals in the absence of conventional risk factors of atherosclerosis.

Download Full-text