The potential for large-scale, subsurface geological CO2 storage in Denmark

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is increasingly considered to be a tool that can significantly reduce the emission of CO2. It is viewed as a technology that can contribute to a substantial, global reduction of emitted CO2 within the timeframe that seems available for mitigating the effects of present and continued emission. In order to develop the CCS method the European Union (EU) has supported research programmes for more than a decade, which focus on capture techniques, transport and geological storage. The results of the numerous research projects on geological storage are summarised in a comprehensive best practice manual outlining guidelines for storage in saline aquifers (Chadwick et al. 2008). A detailed directive for geological storage is under implementation (European Commission 2009), and the EU has furthermore established a programme for supporting the development of more than ten large-scale demonstration plants throughout Europe. Geological investigations show that suitable storage sites are present in most European countries. In Denmark initial investigations conducted by the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland and private companies indicate that there is significant storage potential at several locations in the subsurface.

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Chemistry of Reservoir Fluids in the Aspect of CO2 Injection for Selected Oil Reservoirs in Poland

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13236456 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (23) ◽

pp. 6456

Author(s):

Ewa Knapik ◽

Katarzyna Chruszcz-Lipska

Keyword(s):

Oil Recovery ◽

Carbon Capture ◽

Co2 Storage ◽

Carbon Capture And Storage ◽

Oil Reservoirs ◽

Co2 Injection ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Co2 Solubility ◽

Geological Co2 Storage ◽

Reservoir Conditions

Worldwide experiences related to geological CO2 storage show that the process of the injection of carbon dioxide into depleted oil reservoirs (CCS-EOR, Carbon Capture and Storage—Enhanced Oil Recovery) is highly profitable. The injection of CO2 will allow an increasing recovery factor (thus increasing CCS process profitability) and revitalize mature reservoirs, which may lead to oil spills due to pressure buildups. In Poland, such a solution has not yet been implemented in the industry. This work provides additional data for analysis of the possibility of the CCS-EOR method’s implementation for three potential clusters of Polish oil reservoirs located at a short distance one from another. The aim of the work was to examine the properties of reservoir fluids for these selected oil reservoirs in order to assure a better understanding of the physicochemical phenomena that accompany the gas injection process. The chemical composition of oils was determined by gas chromatography. All tested oils represent a medium black oil type with the density ranging from 795 to 843 g/L and the viscosity at 313 K, varying from 1.95 to 5.04 mm/s. The content of heavier components C25+ is up to 17 wt. %. CO2–oil MMP (Minimum Miscibility Pressure) was calculated in a CHEMCAD simulator using the Soave–Redlich–Kwong equation of state (SRK EoS). The oil composition was defined as a mixture of n-alkanes. Relatively low MMP values (ca. 8.3 MPa for all tested oils at 313 K) indicate a high potential of the EOR method, and make this geological CO2 storage form more attractive to the industry. For reservoir brines, the content of the main ions was experimentally measured and CO2 solubility under reservoir conditions was calculated. The reservoir brines showed a significant variation in properties with total dissolved solids contents varying from 17.5 to 378 g/L. CO2 solubility in brines depends on reservoir conditions and brine chemistry. The highest calculated CO2 solubility is 1.79 mol/kg, which suggest possible CO2 storage in aquifers.

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CCS AS ONE OF the CO2 EMISSION REDUCTION METHODS

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0010.6965 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Teresa ADAMCZAK-BIAŁY ◽

Adam WÓJCICKI

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Great Plains ◽

Oil Recovery ◽

Carbon Capture ◽

Large Scale ◽

Carbon Capture And Storage ◽

The United States ◽

Geological Storage ◽

Co2 Emission Reduction ◽

And Storage

Information presented in the article allows us to introduce one of the ways of reducing anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions responsible for the temperature increase and climate change. This is the technology of capture and underground storage of carbon dioxide in geologic structures (Carbon Capture and Storage/Sequestration – CCS). Most of the large-scale CCS projects (i.e. capture and storage of an order of magnitude of 1 million tonnes of CO2 per year) operate in the United States and Canada. Many of them are associated with the use of CO2 captured from the industrial processes for the enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The presented examples of projects are: Boundary Dam Integrated Carbon Capture and Sequestration Demonstration Project (Canada), Great Plains Synfuels and Weyburn-Midale Project (Canada), and Kemper County IGCC Project (United States). CCS projects are crucial for demonstrating the technological readiness and reduce the cost of wider commercial implementation of capture and geological storage of CO2. The status of the projects on geological storage of CO2 in 2015 is 15 large-scale CCS projects operating around the world, and 7 projects in execution.

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The application, required investments and operational costs of geological CO2 sequestration: a case study

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v8i6.1023 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. e12861023 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pedro Junior Zucatelli ◽

Ana Paula Meneguelo ◽

Gisele de Lorena Diniz Chaves ◽

Marielce de Cassia Ribeiro Tosta

Keyword(s):

Carbon Capture ◽

Large Scale ◽

Co2 Storage ◽

Carbon Capture And Storage ◽

Saline Aquifers ◽

Natural Systems ◽

Geological Co2 Sequestration ◽

And Storage ◽

Geological Formations

The integrity of natural systems is already at risk because of climate change caused by the intense emissions of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The goal of geological carbon sequestration is to capture, transport and store CO2 in appropriate geological formations. In this review, we address the geological environments conducive to the application of CCS projects (Carbon Capture and Storage), the phases that make up these projects, and their associated investment and operating costs. Furthermore it is presented the calculations of the estimated financial profitability of different types of projects in Brazil. Using mathematical models, it can be concluded that the Roncador field presents higher gross revenue when the amount of extra oil that can be retrieved is 9.3% (US$ 48.55 billions approximately in 2018). Additional calculations show that the Paraná saline aquifer has the highest gross revenue (US$ 6.90 trillions in 2018) when compared to the Solimões (US$ 3.76 trillions approximately in 2018) and Santos saline aquifers (US$ 2.21 trillions approximately in 2018) if a CCS project were to be employed. Therefore, the proposed Carbon Capture and Storage method in this study is an important scientific contribution for reliable large-scale CO2 storage in Brazil.

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CO2 Underground Storage and Wellbore Integrity

Risk Analysis for Prevention of Hazardous Situations in Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering - Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-4777-0.ch015 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 322-357 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nediljka Gaurina-Medjimurec ◽

Borivoje Pasic

Keyword(s):

Carbon Capture ◽

Co2 Storage ◽

Carbon Capture And Storage ◽

Injection Wells ◽

Geological Co2 Storage ◽

Wellbore Integrity ◽

Geologic Storage ◽

Injection Zone ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽

Confining Unit

Geologic storage is the component of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) in which the carbon dioxide (CO2) is disposed in the appropriate underground formation. To successfully inject CO2 into the subsurface to mitigate greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, the CO2 must to be trapped in the subsurface and must not be allowed to leak to the surface or to potable water sources above the injection zone. For the purposes of risk assessment, a priority is to evaluate what would happen if CO2 migrated unexpectedly through the confining unit(s), potentially resulting in undesirable impacts on a variety of potential receptors. One of the main risks identified in geological CO2 storage is the potential for CO2 leakage through or along wells. To avoid leakage from the injection wells, the integrity of the wells must be maintained during the injection period and for as long as free CO2 exists in the injection zone.

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A Review of CO2 Storage in View of Safety and Cost-Effectiveness

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13030600 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 600 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Cheng Cao ◽

Hejuan Liu ◽

Zhengmeng Hou ◽

Faisal Mehmood ◽

Jianxing Liao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Co2 Emissions ◽

Oil Recovery ◽

Carbon Capture ◽

Large Scale ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Coal Fly Ash ◽

Co2 Storage ◽

Carbon Capture And Storage ◽

Current Status ◽

The Government

The emissions of greenhouse gases, especially CO2, have been identified as the main contributor for global warming and climate change. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is considered to be the most promising strategy to mitigate the anthropogenic CO2 emissions. This review aims to provide the latest developments of CO2 storage from the perspective of improving safety and economics. The mechanisms and strategies of CO2 storage, focusing on their characteristics and current status, are discussed firstly. In the second section, the strategies for assessing and ensuring the security of CO2 storage operations, including the risks assessment approach and monitoring technology associated with CO2 storage, are outlined. In addition, the engineering methods to accelerate CO2 dissolution and mineral carbonation for fixing the mobile CO2 are also compared within the second section. The third part focuses on the strategies for improving economics of CO2 storage operations, namely enhanced industrial production with CO2 storage to generate additional profit, and co-injection of CO2 with impurities to reduce the cost. Moreover, the role of multiple CCS technologies and their distribution on the mitigation of CO2 emissions in the future are summarized. This review demonstrates that CO2 storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs could play an important role in reducing CO2 emission in the near future and CO2 storage in saline aquifers may make the biggest contribution due to its huge storage capacity. Comparing the various available strategies, CO2-enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) operations are supposed to play the most important role for CO2 mitigation in the next few years, followed by CO2-enhanced gas recovery (CO2-EGR). The direct mineralization of flue gas by coal fly ash and the pH swing mineralization would be the most promising technology for the mineral sequestration of CO2. Furthermore, by accelerating the deployment of CCS projects on large scale, the government can also play its role in reducing the CO2 emissions.

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Carbon farming in hot, dry coastal areas: an option for climate change mitigation

Earth System Dynamics ◽

10.5194/esd-4-237-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 237-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

K. Becker ◽

V. Wulfmeyer ◽

T. Berger ◽

J. Gebel ◽

W. Münch

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Jatropha Curcas ◽

Land Surface ◽

Carbon Capture ◽

Large Scale ◽

Co2 Storage ◽

Carbon Capture And Storage ◽

Coastal Areas ◽

And Storage ◽

Change Mitigation

Abstract. We present a comprehensive, interdisciplinary project which demonstrates that large-scale plantations of Jatropha curcas – if established in hot, dry coastal areas around the world – could capture 17–25 t of carbon dioxide per hectare per year from the atmosphere (over a 20 yr period). Based on recent farming results it is confirmed that the Jatropha curcas plant is well adapted to harsh environments and is capable of growing alone or in combination with other tree and shrub species with minimal irrigation in hot deserts where rain occurs only sporadically. Our investigations indicate that there is sufficient unused and marginal land for the widespread cultivation of Jatropha curcas to have a significant impact on atmospheric CO2 levels at least for several decades. In a system in which desalinated seawater is used for irrigation and for delivery of mineral nutrients, the sequestration costs were estimated to range from 42–63 EUR per tonne CO2. This result makes carbon farming a technology that is competitive with carbon capture and storage (CCS). In addition, high-resolution simulations using an advanced land-surface–atmosphere model indicate that a 10 000 km2 plantation could produce a reduction in mean surface temperature and an onset or increase in rain and dew fall at a regional level. In such areas, plant growth and CO2 storage could continue until permanent woodland or forest had been established. In other areas, salinization of the soil may limit plant growth to 2–3 decades whereupon irrigation could be ceased and the captured carbon stored as woody biomass.

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Role of fault and fracture networks to de-risk geological leakage from subsurface energy sites

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-8517 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Roberto Emanuele Rizzo ◽

Hossein Fazeli ◽

Florian Doster ◽

Niko Kampman ◽

Kevin Bisdom ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Capture ◽

Fracture Stress ◽

Effective Permeability ◽

Co2 Storage ◽

Carbon Capture And Storage ◽

Fracture Network ◽

Natural Fracture ◽

Single Fracture ◽

Fracture Networks ◽

Geological Co2 Storage

The success of geological carbon capture and storage projects depends on the integrity of the top seal, confining injected CO2 in the subsurface for long periods of time. Here, faults and related fracture networks can compromise sealing by providing an interconnected pathway for injected fluids to reach overlying aquifers or even the surface or sea bottom. In this work, we apply an integrated workflow [1] that, combining single fracture stress-permeability laboratory measurements and detailed fault and fracture network outcrop data, builds permeability models of naturally faulted caprock formations for in situ stress conditions.We focus our study on two-dimensional (2D) fault-related fracturing within caprock sequences cut by extensional faults. 2D data of fault and fracture networks were collected from an Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous shale-dominated succession in the Konusdalen area (Nordenskioldland, Svalbard, Norway). The studied rock succession represents the regional caprock and seal for the reservoir of the nearby Longyearbyen CO2 Lab. By digitising all the visible features over the images and then inputting them into the open-source toolbox FracPaQ [2], we obtain information about the fault and fracture networks. In particular, we study the variations in fracture size (i.e., length, height) and density distribution near and away from the fault zone(s), together with the connectivity of fractures within the network. These three parameters are fundamental to establish if the network provides permeable pathways. They also enable us to statistically reproduce and upscale a fracture network in a realistic way.Combining laboratory single fracture stress-permeability measurements with outcrop fracture network data allow us to create an accurate coupled mechanical-hydromechanical model of the natural fracture network and to evaluate the effective permeability of a fault related fracture network. These results are also compared against analytical estimates of effective permeability [3]. With this workflow, we overcome the geometrical simplifications of synthetic fracture models, thus allowing us to establish representative stress-permeability relationships for fractured seals of geological CO2 storage.Reference:&#160;[1] March et al., 2020, Preprint; [2] Healy et al., 2017, JSG; [3] Seavik & Nixon, 2017, WRR

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The Role of BECCS in Achieving Climate Neutrality in the European Union

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14237842 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (23) ◽

pp. 7842

Author(s):

Igor Tatarewicz ◽

Michał Lewarski ◽

Sławomir Skwierz ◽

Vitaliy Krupin ◽

Robert Jeszke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Carbon Capture ◽

Large Scale ◽

Carbon Capture And Storage ◽

Electricity Production ◽

The European Union ◽

Climate Neutrality ◽

And Storage ◽

The Eu

The achievement of climate neutrality in the European Union by 2050 will not be possible solely through a reduction in fossil fuels and the development of energy generation from renewable sources. Large-scale implementation of various technologies is necessary, including bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), carbon capture and storage (CCS), and carbon capture and utilisation (CCU), as well as industrial electrification, the use of hydrogen, the expansion of electromobility, low-emission agricultural practices, and afforestation. This research is devoted to an analysis of BECCS as a negative emissions technology (NET) and the assessment of its implementation impact upon the possibility of achieving climate neutrality in the EU. The modelling approach utilises tools developed within the LIFE Climate CAKE PL project and includes the MEESA energy model and the d-PLACE CGE economic model. This article identifies the scope of the required investment in generation capacity and the amount of electricity production from BECCS necessary to meet the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction targets in the EU, examining the technology’s impact on the overall system costs and marginal abatement costs (MACs). The modelling results confirm the key role of BECCS technology in achieving EU climate goals by 2050.

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Microfluidic salt precipitation: implications for geological CO2 storage

Lab on a Chip ◽

10.1039/d0lc00238k ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (20) ◽

pp. 3806-3814

Author(s):

Tsai-Hsing Martin Ho ◽

Peichun Amy Tsai

Keyword(s):

Carbon Capture ◽

Co2 Storage ◽

Carbon Capture And Storage ◽

Salt Precipitation ◽

Geological Co2 Storage ◽

Drying Rates ◽

And Storage ◽

Storage Processes

Novel microfluidic visualizations reveal the simultaneous dynamics of salt nucleation and fluid drying rates while mimicking carbon capture and storage processes.

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Attitudes on Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) as a Mitigation Technology within the UNFCCC

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14030629 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 629

Author(s):

Katherine Romanak ◽

Mathias Fridahl ◽

Tim Dixon

Keyword(s):

Carbon Capture ◽

Large Scale ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Co2 Storage ◽

Carbon Capture And Storage ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Primary Role ◽

Positive Attitudes ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽

And Storage

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a technology for mitigating emissions from large point-source industries. In addition to the primary role of reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere, CCS forms the basis for two large-scale negative emissions technologies by coupling geologic CO2 storage with bioenergy (BECCS) and direct air carbon capture (DACCS). Despite its inclusion within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), CCS has been largely unsupported by UNFCCC delegates because of its association with fossil fuels. We evaluate data from surveys given since 2015 to UNFCCC delegates at the Conference of the Parties (COPs) to ascertain how attitudes about bioenergy, BECCS, and CCS may be changing within the UNFCCC. The results show a positive change in attitudes over time for both fossil CCS and BECCS. Using a unique data analysis method, we ascertain that, in some instances, popularity of BECCS increased due to an increased acceptance of CCS despite lower opinions of bioenergy. Business and research NGOs have the most positive views of CCS, and environmental NGOs the most negative views. Delegates that attend CCS side-events have more positive attitudes towards CCS than non-attendees. Developing countries have a larger need and a greater appetite for information on BECCS than developed countries, but a need for information exists in both.

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