scholarly journals Controls of metamorphic grade in shear belts

1979 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 47-62
Author(s):  
J Grocott
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Metamorphic Grade ◽  
Perfect Equilibrium ◽  
Horizontal Gradients ◽  
Metamorphic History ◽  
Mineral Assemblages ◽  
History Of ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shear Belt

The relationship between metamorphic grade and deformation is examined for shear belts occurring in Precambrian shields. A particular case, where isotherms have fallen continuously relative to an originally horizontal datum surface, for some time prior to the initiation of the shear belt and throughout its life, is examined in detail. Such behaviour of isotherms appears to be common. A type of syn-tectonic metamorphic boundary occurring within shear belts and not coinciding with a strain gradient is discussed in detail. Such boundaries are called active facies boundaries, as mineral assemblages on each side tend to maintain perfect equilibrium with metamorphic conditions during deformation. The orientation of active facies boundaries depends on the vertical displacement rate. In ductile thrust zones horizontal gradients in metamorphic conditions can be set up, and folIowing erosion once active facies boundaries may be exposed. The metamorphic history of rocks in such zones will vary vertically, and, under certain circumstances, laterally. A model is set up to predict these variations, and is applied to the northem boundary of the Ikertoq shear belt, western Greenland.

A retrogressive sapphirine-cordierite-talc paragenesis in a spinel-orthopyroxenite from southern Karnataka, India

1993 ◽  
Vol 57 (387) ◽  
pp. 273-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. L. Friend ◽  
A. S. Janardhan ◽  
N. Shadakshara Swamy
Keyword(s):  
Dharwar Craton ◽  
Amphibolite Facies ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Cooling History ◽  
Metamorphic History ◽  
Gneiss Complex ◽  
Igneous Origin ◽  
Mineral Assemblages ◽  
History Of ◽  
Granoblastic Texture

AbstractWithin amphibolite facies Peninsular gneisses in the south of the Dharwar craton, units of Sargur supracrustal rocks contain ultrabasic enclaves. One of these enclaves is an orthopyroxenite which comprises bronzite, spinel and minor phlogopite preserving coarse-grained, relic textures of probable igneous origin. After incorporation into the gneisses the enclave evolved through several distinct stages, elucidation of which allow an assessment of its metamorphic history.Firstly, deformation during closed system, anhydrous recrystallisation caused the coarse-grained textures to be partially overprinted by similar mineral assemblages but with a granoblastic texture. Secondly, open system hydration caused retrogression of the bronzite to alumino-gedrite at the margins of the enclave. Subsequently, the penetration of these fluids along grain boundaries caused reactions between spinel and bronzite to produce reaction pockets carrying assemblages of peraluminous sapphirine associated with cordierite and talc. The differences in the mineral assemblages in each pocket coupled with slight variations in their chemistry, suggest that equilibrium did not develop over the outcrop. Because sapphirine + magnesite is present in some pockets, it is evident that CO2 was also a component of the fluid.Phase relations from the MASH portion of the FMASH system, to which the chemistry of the reaction pockets approximates, suggest that the hydrous metamorphism causing the changes depended upon the assemblage enstatite + spinel + vapour which exists at PT conditions above the position of I16, ∼760°C at 3 kbar and below I21 at ∼765°C at 5.6 kbar (Seifert, 1974, 1975), where sapphirine is replaced by kornerupine. The suggested path of reaction occurred between I18 and I21. Subsequent reactions related to I20 cause the formation of cordierite. Talc formation has to be modelled in a different reaction grid.The metamorphism recorded by these reactions is thus at a maximum of amphibolite facies and is interpreted to have formed during the uplift and cooling history of the gneiss complex when hydrous fluids were free to migrate. Given the complex high-grade metamorphic history of this part of the Dharwar craton this event is likely to be late Archaean or Palaeoproterozoic in age.

scholarly journals Contributing Factors, Prevention, and Management of Playing-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Flute Players Internationally

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Lonsdale ◽  
E-Liisa Laakso ◽  
Vanessa Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Education History ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Current Survey ◽  
History Of ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Relationship

Major studies have shown that flutists report playing-related pain in the neck, middle/upper back, shoulders, wrists, and hands. The current survey was designed to establish the injury concerns of flute players and teachers of all backgrounds, as well as their knowledge and awareness of injury prevention and management. Questions addressed a range of issues including education, history of injuries, preventative and management strategies, lifestyle factors, and teaching methods. At the time of the survey, 26.7% of all respondents were suffering from flute playing-related discomfort or pain; 49.7% had experienced flute playing-related discomfort or pain that was severe enough to distract while performing; and 25.8% had taken an extended period of time off playing because of discomfort or pain. Consistent with earlier studies, the most common pain sites were the fingers, hands, arms, neck, middle/upper back, and shoulders. Further research is needed to establish possible links between sex, instrument types, and ergonomic set up. Further investigation is recommended to ascertain whether certain types of physical training, education, and practice approaches may be more suitable than current methods. A longitudinal study researching the relationship between early education, playing position, ergonomic set-up, and prevalence of injury is recommended.

THE CREDITANSTALT CRISIS OF 1931 AND THE FAILURE OF THE AUSTRO-GERMAN CUSTOMS UNION PROJECT

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
IAGO GIL AGUADO
Keyword(s):  
Central Bank ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
Financial History ◽  
Bank Of England ◽  
History Of ◽  
Set Up ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Financial Diplomacy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Union Project

This article reveals that the diplomatic and financial history of 1931 was even more turbulent than believed to date. New documents found at the Bank of England show that an intricate system of cross-deposits was set up by the Austrian Central Bank covertly to direct funds to the Creditanstalt via American and British banks – to compensate it for taking over the bankrupt Bodencreditanstalt – suggesting that the received accounts of the collapse of the Creditanstalt need to be revised. Further, documents have come to light which show that France exacerbated the 1931 run on the Austrian schilling in order to force Austria to abandon the Austro-German customs union project of that year. This article considers the relationship between the collapse of the Creditanstalt and the abandonment of the Austro-German customs union, incorporating the new evidence to provide a novel interpretation of the financial diplomacy of that year.

scholarly journals The Story of the Lost Thai Classical Music Ensemble: The Wang Bang Kholaem Ensemble

MANUSYA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-69
Author(s):  
Punnee Bualek
Keyword(s):  
Classical Music ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Classical Ensemble ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Patronage System

This article was written to answer the following two questions, which are 1) What is the history of the Wang Bang Kholaem ensemble? What were the reasons for its establishment and dissolution? 2) What were the factors that led to its success? Did the relationship between the ensemble owner and his musicians contribute to its success? The results were: 1) The Wang Bang Kholaem Thai Classical ensemble was set up around 2470-2475 B.E. The owner was Prince Krommaluang Lopburirames. The ensemble was dissolved after his death. The reason why he chose Bang Kholaem as the location for his ensemble, was that, in the past, Bang Kholaem had been an area of peaceful and shady fruit yards faraway from the capital city, suited for building a retreat for practicing Thai classical music. 2) The factors contributing to the band’s success and fame included the fact that the ensemble’s owner was royal and was really fond of Thai classical music. He had enough assets to be a patron to a large number of talented musicians and was able to assemble many great teachers to train his musicians. The fact is that the musicians of the Wang Bang Kholaem ensemble inherited musical wisdom from the Wang Burabha ensemble, which belonged to Prince Bhanubhandhu-wongworadech, his father-in-law. Among the great teachers were: Luang Praditphairoh (Son Silapabanleng), Phra Phinbanlengraj (Yam Prasansup) and Phra Phatbanlengromya (Phim Wathin). Moreover, he was also able to gather many gifted musicians into the ensemble. In addition, the ensemble flourished and fostered great interest in the social and cultural environment of the period which existed during the reign of King Rama VII before the Revolution in 2475 B.E. 3) As for the relationship between the great teachers and the musicians, it was based on very strict discipline. In addition to the fact that the owner was of high royalty, the relationship between the owner and his musicians was that of the patronage system according to feudal tradition. The musicians respected and adored the owner so they dedicated themselves to working effortlessly to build a great reputation for the ensemble.

XII.—Petrology and Petrogenesis of some Garnetiferous Peridotites

1963 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 251-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. O'Hara ◽  
F. H. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Crystalline Rocks ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metamorphic History ◽  
Igneous Origin ◽  
Mineral Assemblages ◽  
History Of ◽  
Reliable Interpretation ◽  
Recent Experimental Work

SynopsisGarnetiferous peridotite masses which occur among gneisses in the Tafjord district of Norway are cold intrusions emplaced as crystalline rocks late in the metamorphic history of the region. No relationship other than similarity of mineral facies can be established between the peridotites and the eclogite bodies in the surrounding gneiss. Chemical analyses of twelve olivines, fourteen orthopyroxenes, nine chrome diopsides, nine garnets, three amphiboles and two rocks are presented, representing material from the Tafjord and Almklovdalen districts of Norway, a garnetiferous peridotite mass near Bellinzona, Switzerland, and the garnet-peridotite inclusions in the kimberlite pipes of South Africa. Optical and X-ray data for the analyzed and some unanalyzed assemblages are also presented. The mineral assemblages of these rocks are compared with each other, and with data from the peridotites of layered tholeiitic intrusions, alpine-type peridotites and the peridotite nodules in basalts. The garnet-peridotites of Norway, Switzerland and South Africa are believed to be little altered fragments of the mantle, whereas the peridotite nodules in basalts and the alpine-type peridotites are believed to be of igneous origin. Examination of the distribution of cations between the coexisting phases suggests that there are too many variables to permit a reliable interpretation of the results.The orthopyroxenes from the garnetiferous peridotites are not rich in A1203, contrary to expectations based upon recent experimental work.

Structural petrology along a transect across the Thompson Belt, Manitoba: dip slip at the western Churchill–Superior boundary

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1976-1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Fueten ◽  
Pierre-Yves F. Robin
Keyword(s):  
Structural Study ◽  
Metamorphic Grade ◽  
Ductile Deformation ◽  
Superior Province ◽  
Deformation History ◽  
Tectonic Model ◽  
Kinematic Indicators ◽  
Metamorphic History ◽  
Structural Style ◽  
History Of

Early Proterozoic rocks and Archean gneisses of the Thompson Belt, east of the Churchill Province – Superior Province boundary, record the history of the Hudsonian Orogeny in this area. A structural study has been undertaken along a 45 km long corridor cutting across the width of the belt.Three blocks are defined along this transect, each characterized by a specific structural style and metamorphic history, Foliation and lineation data and the analysis of kinematic indicators from these blocks show that (i) the Thompson Belt has been an area of predominantly dip-slip movement for its recognizable ductile deformation history; (ii) the sense of shear for most of that history corresponds to the Superior side moving up with respect to the Churchill side; (iii) the shearing emplaced rocks of progressively higher metamorphic grade towards the southeast, away from the Churchill–Superior boundary; and (iv) there appears to have been a period of movement at the later stages of the Hudsonian Orogeny during which the sense of movement was Churchill side up.Structural and metamorphic data support a tectonic model in which the Superior Province has been thrust over the Churchill Province, with a convergence direction approximately perpendicular to the Thompson Belt.

Metamorphic history of the Hemlo gold deposit from Al2SiO5 mineral assemblages, with implications for the timing of mineralization

1999 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne G Powell ◽  
David RM Pattison ◽  
Paul Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Gold Deposit ◽  
Quartz Veins ◽  
Metamorphic History ◽  
Fluid Infiltration ◽  
Mineral Assemblages ◽  
Metamorphic Assemblage ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
History Of ◽  
T Path ◽  
Late Growth

Textural relations between Al2SiO5 phases, and deformation fabrics, provide constraints on the metamorphic history of the Hemlo gold deposit. Kyanite in the deposit is most common within and on the margins of boudinaged quartz ± realgar veins, and less commonly as rotated porphyroblasts within the matrix of schistose rocks. Kyanite predates the main (D2) schistosity. Sillimanite postdates kyanite, occurring irregularly as discrete knots and foliae that run parallel to, but sometimes cut across, the principal (D2) foliation, indicating that sillimanite postdates the D2 foliation. We regard kyanite to be part of the peak metamorphic assemblage, with sillimanite representing a partial later overprint most likely related to fluid infiltration. Rare andalusite occurs in two associations: as late-stage, clean, idioblastic crystals; and as large, fractured grains, locally overprinted by sillimanite, in boudinaged quartz-realgar veins. We suggest two possible origins for this second form of andalusite, one involving generally late growth, the second involving early growth prior to the development of peak metamorphic kyanite. Although not unambiguous, we prefer the second scenario. P-T conditions from petrogenetic grid constraints, and new geothermobarometric estimates, indicate 6-7 GPa, 600-650°C for the peak kyanite grade metamorphism (ca. 2677 Ma?), and 4-5 GPa, 600°C for the later sillimanite overprint (ca. 2672 Ma?). We see these two events as part of an evolving P-T path in a single metamorphic event. In our early andalusite scenario, the andalusite may have formed from pyrophyllite breakdown at 2-4 GPa, 450°C, possibly associated with emplacement of the regional suite of granodiorite plutons (ca. 2686 Ma). Late andalusite formed sporadically on the retrograde path. The occurrence of deformed andalusite and aligned kyanite in and on the margins of boudinaged auriferous realgar-stibnite-quartz veins provides evidence in support of a premetamorphic mineralization event.

Anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies

Lupus ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 98-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Tsutsumi ◽  
K Ichikawa ◽  
E Matsuura ◽  
T Koike
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Great Care ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Glycoprotein I ◽  
History Of ◽  
Reproducible Method ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between presence of anti-β2-glycoprotein I autoantibodies (aβ2-GPI) and history of thrombosis is now widely known. However, differences in the methodology of aβ2-GPI detection have made the comparison of data from different laboratories extremely difficult. We discuss the significance of aβ2-GPI of the IgG, IgM and IgA isotypes, and our approach to developing an easier and more reproducible method for the detection of this autoantibody. In addition, we present data that shows that commercially available enzyme immunoassay plates differ regarding detectability of aβ2-GPI. Since the clinical significance of this heterogeneity is presently unclear, the set-up of the detection systems and interpretation of data need great care.

scholarly journals Gypsies of the Belarusian Provinces and Land Management Policy at the turn of the 1830s-1840s

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-112
Author(s):  
Vladimir N. Shaidurov
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
National Politics ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Relationship

At the turn of the 18th-19th centuries, the tsarist government in Russia faced the Gypsy question in the context of implementation of the society homogenization policy. There were campaigns initiated to fight with Gypsy vagrancyduring the 1770s-1810s, the primary target of which was to modernize the Gypsies of the Russian Empire and turn them into a constant component of rural or urban societies. However, despite the repressive tools included, these measures did not effect the desired result. The purpose of the present paper is to study the relationship between the Belarusian Gypsies and the authorities when it came to acquisition of land and set up of arable farms in the late 1830s-early 1840s as part of implementation of the subsequent campaign to turn the Gypsies of Russia into a settled population. The basis of the research were archival materials from the fund of the Second Department of the Ministry of State Property of the Russian State Historical Archive (St. Petersburg). Studying of various historical sources revealed the features of implementation of the decree of Nicholas I (1839) in the Belarusian provinces. Despite the willingness of the local gypsy camps to adopt the sedentary life, they faced various forms of latent chauvinism at the local level: officials sabotaged orders from St. Petersburg; peasants did not want to accept Gypsies into their societies. The article is intended for specialists in the history of the Roma and the national politics in the Russian Empire.

scholarly journals Becoming Editor: Or, Pinocchio finally notices the Strings

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Parker
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Journal Editor ◽  
Academic Journal ◽  
Open Access Journals ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Forms Of Knowledge

This paper uses my experience as an academic journal editor in order to reflect upon the social arrangement that brings academics, universities, states and knowledge capitalist organizations together to produce the contemporary academic journal and access paywalls. After some consideration of the history of publishing, I analyse the market for articles like this one, and considerthe consequences of the ranking and monetization of journals, papers andcitations by different agents. As I do this, I insert various biographical reflections on the relationship between ‘editing’ and being ‘edited’. The overall aim of the paper is to suggest that this set-up actually has some verynegative consequences for taxpayers, academics and students. It encourages the overproduction of academic output because it turns it into a commodity which is traded, whilst simultaneously tending to discourage forms of knowledge production that fail to fit into the boxes which have already been establishedfor them, whether in terms of content or style. I conclude with some thoughts on open access journals, and their limits.

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