scholarly journals FOREST RECLAMATION COMPLEXES OF THE ROSSOSHANSKY DISTRICT OF THE VORONEZH REGION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Koza ◽  
Elena Mikhina ◽  
Vyacheslav Mikhin

Forest reclamation complexes in the Rossoshan district of the Voronezh region are mainly represented with the participation of white acacia, silver birch, green ash, common elm and Tatar maple. The area occupied by them in the agricultural landscape is 2009 hectares. In cultures of hanging birch at the age of 19 years with a change in width from 6.0 m to 15.0 m, there is a decrease in the preservation of species by 8.8% and a decrease in wind protection height by 16.5% with a plant density of 3334 pcs / ha and placement of 3 , 0 x 1.0 m. According to the growth of plantings, they are estimated as Ia class of bonitet. In mixed crops aged 34 years, consisting of fast-growing and accompanying species with a planting width of 16.0 m, the highest height is for drooping birch (20.1 m), the lowest for green ash (14.3 m). The safety of such breeds is 46.8% and 60.6%, respectively. Forest belts, represented by white acacia, drooping birch, Tatar maple at the age of 36 years, have a preservation of species of 38.3-55.2%. The drooping birch has the highest height (22.4 m). In artificial linear plantations, consisting of common elm, drooping birch, Tatar maple and green ash at the age of 38 years, the greatest preservation is observed in the Tatar maple (54.7%), the lowest in green ash (32.7%). The drooping birch has the greatest windproof height (20.6 m) and is estimated in growth according to the Ia class of bonitet. Each breed has certain ecological and biological properties.

10.12737/1955 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Михин ◽  
Dmitriy Mikhin ◽  
Трегубов ◽  
Oleg Tregubov

Shelterbelt plantings in the Voronezh region occupy an area of approximately 60 thousand hectares. They were created at different times with tree species: poplars, silver birch, English oak, common and green ash , locust, elm, English field maple and Bosnian maple, little-leaved linden; bushes – Elaeagnus angustifolia, yellow acacia, Tatarian honeysuckle, fly honeysuckle, alder buckthorn and other pure and mixed in composition. Width of the bands, row spacing, and planting density determine their growth and condition. It was found that in artificial linear stands with the main species of silver birch with an increase of double width, there is average decrease of the growth parameters to 12 %. Mixed cultures of birch are more productive and in them by the age of 25 years conservation, average diameter, height is greater for 4, 8…16, 3 % as compared to pure composition forest belts. Silver birch is in a dominant position in the stands with green ash, locust, Norway maple and forest apple trees. European ash has higher inventory indices in co-cultivation with English oak and Norway maple than with elm and silver birch. Similar laws are identified also for green ash. For all the considered species active growth period in height and diameter up to the age of 10…15 years is observed. At the same time at middleaged stands on the main soil types, there are differences in the growth of marginal tree belt and central belts. During this period of growth convex transverse profile is usually formed.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-62
Author(s):  
Tatyana I. Pankova

Features of fertility dynamics indicators of typical chernozem determining agroecological state soil under these ecosystems are established under differentage forest shelter belts located on various slope exposures on the territory of the experimental field of All-Russia Research Institute of Arable Farming and Soil Erosion Control (Kursk Region, Medvensky District). The study period was 16 years, the age of the forest shelter belts is 20 and 36 years. It is found out that longterm growth of woody plants on typical chernozem results in an increase in its fertility. Moreover, there is the variation of soil properties differs in intensity in forest shelter belts that differ by location in the relief. In all forest shelter belts, regardless of the location in the relief, there is an improvement in the agrophysical state of the soil, an increase in the content of humus, mobile humus substances, mobile potassium, and phosphorus. However, the intensity of changes varies depending on the exposure of the forest shelter belt on the slope. So, on the southern slope there was a maximum increase in the content of humus, mobile phosphorus, exchange bases, and water-flow aggregates. In the soil of the watershed plateau, there was a significant increase in the content of humus, the degree of humification, mobile humus substances, but their qualitative composition and content of agronomically valuable aggregates have not changed. On the northern slope, there was the maximum increase in the criterion of water resistance of soil. With increasing age of forest belts, the aboveground herbaceous phytomass increases with an increase in its share of green biomass and the amount of accumulated litter decreases. The highest phytomass productivity was in the offshore forest belt of the southern slope. Studies have shown that long-term growth of forest shelter belts improves the agroecological state of the soil, regardless of their position in the terrain, which contributes to an increase in the ecological potential of the agricultural landscape. A correct understanding of the direction of changes in the agroecological state of the soil will optimize the structure and functioning of the agricultural landscape.


Author(s):  
В.Л. Мешкова ◽  
Т.В. Кучерявенко ◽  
Ю.Е. Скрыльник ◽  
О.В. Зинченко ◽  
А.И. Борисенко

Целью исследования является выявление особенностей распространения ясеневой изумрудной узкотелой златки (ЯИУЗ) в насаждениях Луганской обл. в первый год после ее обнаружения. Обследованы насаждения с наличием в составе ясеня обыкновенного (Fraxinus excelsior L.) и ясеня зелёного, или пенсильванского (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.), в лесном фонде трёх государственных лесоохотничьих предприятий (Старобельского, Белокуракинского и Сватовского), расположенных к западу от пунктов первого обнаружения ЯИУЗ в Луганской области. Установлено, что ясеневая изумрудная узкотелая златка присутствует практически во всех насаждениях с наличием в составе ясеня зелёного, что составляет 11,1% покрытой лесом площади. В течение 2020 г. ЯИУЗ распространилась на расстояние 32-52 км от первой точки обнаружения. Самая южная точка ее выявления - в районе с. Меловатка, самая западная - в районе с. Донцовка. Учитывая тенденцию распространения ЯИУЗ в юго-западном направлении, можно ожидать ее проникновения в Харьковскую и Донецкую области. Ясеневая изумрудная узкотелая златка заселяет в основном ясень зелёный, а у ясеня обыкновенного - поросль, деревья в насаждениях с низкой полнотой, на опушках и по периметру небольших по площади урочищ или лесополос. Средняя плотность личинок ЯИУЗ (±S.E.) в заселенных ветвях ясеня зелёного и ясеня обыкновенного достоверно не отличается (0,6±0,07 и 0,7±0,09 шт./дм2 соответственно). Однако доля образцов ясеня зелёного с наличием жизнеспособных личинок ЯИУЗ (91,4±3,12%; n = 45) была достоверно более высокой, чем ветвей ясеня обыкновенного (76,1±6,29%; n = 82). Вылетных отверстий ЯИУЗ в деревьях ясеня обыкновенного не обнаружено, а дополнительное питание её имаго отмечено только на листве деревьев ясеня зелёного. Наличие поселений ЯИУЗ в деревьях I-II категорий санитарного состояния свидетельствует о высокой агрессивности насекомого. Вопросы динамики состояния заселенных деревьев и выживания личинок ясеневой изумрудной узкотелой златки предстоит исследовать в дальнейшем, особенно относительно ясеня обыкновенного, который присутствует в насаждениях региона на 36,9% покрытой лесом площади. The goal of the research was to reveal the features of the spread of the emerald ash borer (EAB) in the stands of the Luhansk region during the first year after its detection. The stands with the presence of the common ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and the green ash (F. pennsylvanica) in the forest fund of Starobelskoe, Belokurakinskoe, and Svatovskoe Forest and Hunting Enterprises, located to the west of the points of the first detection of EAB in the Luhansk region, were examined. The EAB was found in almost all stands with the presence of green ash in the composition, which comprises 11.1% of the forested area. During 2020, the EAB spread over a distance of 32-52 km from the first detection point. The southernmost point where it was registered is near Melovatka, and the westernmost - is near Dontsovka. Taking into account the tendency of EAB to spread in the southwestern direction, we can expect its invasion to the Kharkiv and Donetsk regions. EAB inhabits mainly green ash, and in common ash it prefers sprouts, trees in the stands with low relative stocking density, and trees at the edges and along the perimeter of small forests or forest belts. The mean density (±S.E.) of EAB larvae in populated branches does not differ significantly for green ash and common ash (0.6±0.07 and 0.7±0.09 larvae/dm2, respectively). However, the proportion of EABcolonized branches of green ash (91.4±3.12%; n = 45) is significantly higher than that of common ash (76.1±6.29%; n = 82). The exit holes of EAB in the trees of common ash were not found. Maturation feeding of EAB was registered only in the trees of green ash. The presence of EAB galleries and larvae in the trees of the 1st and the 2nd categories of health condition (healthy-looking and weakened trees according to the Sanitary Rules in the Forests of Ukraine) indicates the aggressiveness of EAB. The dynamics of the health condition of EAB colonized trees, as well as the survival of its larvae are to be investigated further, especially for the common ash, which proportion in the stands of the region is about 36.9% of forest-covered area.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Zamiusskaya ◽  
V. Koza ◽  
Tat'yana Kramareva

The paper presents the results of studies of protective strips located in the Voronezh region in the Rossoshansky district. The characteristic of biometric data of forest belts of the same age and their dependence on the density of planting, width of strips and row spacing is given. The comparison of the soil, its impact on the growth and development of trees is displayed. The influence of the design of protective forest stands on the temperature of the surface air layer is also shown. The state of the plantings and the factors that adversely affect it are determined: the lack of care measures, deforestation, clutter and the presence of a large number of diseases and pests.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Владимир Вавин ◽  
Vladimir Vavin ◽  
Владимир Тунякин ◽  
Vladimir Tunyakin ◽  
Наталия Рыбалкина ◽  
...  

Khrenovskoy section of the "Special Expedition of the Forest Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and State Property for testing and accounting of various ways and methods of forestry and water management in the steppes of Russia" is located in the south-east of the Voronezh region. In the scientific literature this territory is called the "Stone Steppe". The expedition worked here from 1892 to 1898. The first planting was carried out by O.I. Kovalev and K.E. Sobenevsky foresters. In one plantation, many trees and shrubs were tested for their suitability for afforestation in the region. Successors of foresters of "Special expedition ..." G.F. Morozov and A.N. Mikhailov finally decided on the main species, having secured this status behind English oak tree, but taking into account the new requirements for creation of forest belts, the search for the best oak companions is still continuing. Currently, in the south-east of the Central Black Earth (Voronezh region) there are more than 126 thousand hectares of protective plantations on agricultural lands located near ravine and narrows. Most of them grow without forest management; many were exposed to fire and need reforestation measures. In the Stone Steppe, experimental restoration felling has been carried out since 1933, when the forest strips were 38 years old. The last experimental regenerative felling was carried out in the 63 years old summer plantation (forest belt No. 72). The possibility of coppice resumption and creation of oak plantations on felling was tested. Cultures are not preserved because of ill-timed clarification. In the coppice stands the breed composition has changed due to the reduction of oak, which is also explained by the untimely cleaning of oak coppice. There is a perspective in the coppice stands of maple-linden plantations and in old-growth mother stands of oak-maple ones, since in all variants maple young growth is viable and is available in sufficient quantity. The article shows that despite the minimum amount of oak in the composition of the parent stand, by 122 it will begin to take the leading place. The dynamics of the species composition of the 122-year-old water-protection forest stand is considered and the analysis of the results of reforestation cuttings is carried out in different age periods of this plantation. It has been established that the parent tree stand, despite its thinness, has a considerable stock of stem wood, English oak has leading position in vitality, and European ash and black ash ; in the most part, are limited in viability, elm that prevailed during planting was the last one in the old-growth plantation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 875 (1) ◽  
pp. 012020
Author(s):  
T N Kramareva ◽  
E N Tikhonova ◽  
A I Gromovik ◽  
N S Gorbunova ◽  
V A Korolev

Abstract The influence of various tree species of forest plantations on the soil properties of the “Kamenno-Stepnoye Experimental Forestry” (Talovsky District, Voronezh Region, Russia) is considered. The aim of the study is to reveal the degree of transformation of the properties of chernozems under various perennial plantations, since forest reclamation is the most important measure to optimize the agroecological state of soils. The researchers note that different tree species have different effects on soil properties. However, this issue is still insufficiently studied and relevant. The research results showed the positive role of tree species on the structural and aggregate state of soils and their water-physical properties. It was found that tree species contribute to the optimization of soil density, humus and moisture reserves. It was revealed that the influence of different tree species on the agroecological state of chernozems is not the same. Thus, under larch (Larix siberica Ldb.) And maple (Acer platanoides L.), the maximum increase in the level of soil humus was observed, as well as a significant improvement in the physical and water-physical properties of soils. What makes this breed the most promising for use in soil protection of the steppe zone.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay Kozhukhov ◽  
Andrey Nikolaevich Topcheev

The need for rational use of natural resources of the chernozem regions of the Russian Federation is determined both by the requirements for ensuring the country's food security and the logic of the ecological and socio-economic stability of the territory with the predominance of chernozem soils. The article, using the example of the Voronezh Region, shows the role and practical significance of the spatial organization of agroforestry landscapes in the Central Chernozem Region of the Russian Federation using data from the Federal State Statistics Service on land resources, on the number of farms, food and processing enterprises of the agro-industrial complex over the past 20 years. The adaptive-landscape farming system, as the predominant element of rational land use, contributes to the formation of agroforestry landscapes in sparsely wooded regions of Russia. Agroforestry objects are necessary components of the whole complex of rational land use, ensuring the sustainable use of agroforestry potential of the regional economic space. Long-term practice of protective afforestation on agricultural lands has developed a number of basic types of afforestation: shelterbelts on arable land, ravine forest belts, land reclamation plantations on sand and a hydrographic network, windbreaking and snow shelter-belts. The unique experience of formation and sustainable development over many decades of agroforestry in the Stone Steppe of the Voronezh Region indicates a high level of efficiency of the functioning of such landscapes, even in special extreme conditions. The centuries-old experience of afforestation in the interests of transforming an almost lifeless space has shown the organizing role of forest belts in creating an agroforestry landscape, the effectiveness of their anti-erosion functions, and also the tangible social significance of agroforestry


2021 ◽  
Vol 875 (1) ◽  
pp. 012025
Author(s):  
E A Mikhina ◽  
V V Taniykevich ◽  
V I Mikhin

Abstract The use of forest reclamation facilities to transform the landscapes of the Middle Don basin of the European part of Russia is an important aspect in improving the natural conditions of agricultural territories. In the Central Black Earth Region, they occupy an area of 600000 hectares and form the ecological framework of forest agrarian landscapes. The purpose of our research is to establish the optimal conditions for the growth and reforestation efficiency of protective plantations in different conditions. Modern methods and approaches were used for forestry and land reclamation assessment of forest belts. In artificial linear plantings, the biometric indicators of growth and safety in fast-growing species are most pronounced at the initial density of creation and 3334 pcs/ha. The best companions for joint cultivation of English oak are Norway maple and yellow acacia. In the conditions of typical chernozem, the highest values for the growth of rocks are noted. In winter, protective plantations accumulate snow water reserves of 435-430 m3/ha, which makes it possible to form an additional yield of grain crops by 320-430 kg/ha in the strip zones.


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