scholarly journals Protective afforestation in agroforestry landscapes of the Middle Don basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 875 (1) ◽  
pp. 012025
Author(s):  
E A Mikhina ◽  
V V Taniykevich ◽  
V I Mikhin
Keyword(s):  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Norway Maple ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Forest Reclamation ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Snow Water ◽  
English Oak

Abstract The use of forest reclamation facilities to transform the landscapes of the Middle Don basin of the European part of Russia is an important aspect in improving the natural conditions of agricultural territories. In the Central Black Earth Region, they occupy an area of 600000 hectares and form the ecological framework of forest agrarian landscapes. The purpose of our research is to establish the optimal conditions for the growth and reforestation efficiency of protective plantations in different conditions. Modern methods and approaches were used for forestry and land reclamation assessment of forest belts. In artificial linear plantings, the biometric indicators of growth and safety in fast-growing species are most pronounced at the initial density of creation and 3334 pcs/ha. The best companions for joint cultivation of English oak are Norway maple and yellow acacia. In the conditions of typical chernozem, the highest values for the growth of rocks are noted. In winter, protective plantations accumulate snow water reserves of 435-430 m3/ha, which makes it possible to form an additional yield of grain crops by 320-430 kg/ha in the strip zones.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF THE STEROL STATE OF GENERATIVE PLANTS OF HEATH SPOTTED-ORCHID (DACTY-LORHIZA MACULATA (L.) SOÓ) (ORCHIDACEAE) BY GC-MS

2020 ◽  
pp. 171-178
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Nikolayevich Sechin ◽  
Oleg Anatolyevich Marakaev ◽  
Gavriil Borisovich Gavrilov
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
European Part ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Central European ◽  
Mass Spectrometric Detector ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
First Time

For the first time, the phytosterol state of the underground and aboveground organs of the tuberoid species of the orchid Dactylorhiza maculata (L.) Soó (Orchidaceae), which grows in the natural conditions of the Central European part of Russia, was studied using gas chromatography with a mass spectrometric detector. The plant material contains cycloartenol, cycloeukalenol, campesterol, brassicasterin, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol and ergosterol, which was found in underground organs and belong to mycosymbiont. The ergosterol content in the adventitious roots is five times higher compared to the endings of stem root tuberoids. The phytosterols content of the aboveground organs of D. maculata is more diverse than that of the underground organs. The basic sterol of D. maculata is β-sitosterol (60%), which is present in all organs. Also a high amount was noted for cycloartenol (20%), which is absent in the stem. Cycloeukalenol (7%) was found in inflorescences and leaves, campesterol (2%) in inflorescences, brassicasterin (5%) in the adventitious roots, stigmasterol (5%) in the leaves. Differences in the sterol statuses of organs can be explained by the biochemical characteristics of their tissues and the uneven functional significance of the identified compounds for the growth and development of generative individuals of D. maculata in the budding phase. The results obtained indicate the diversity of phytosterol compounds and their uneven content in various organs of the studied plant object.

scholarly journals Dynamics of the agroecological state of typical chernozem under forest belts depending on the location in the relief (Kursk region, Russia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-62
Author(s):  
Tatyana I. Pankova
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Southern Slope ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Humus Substances ◽  
Arable Farming ◽  
Shelter Belts ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Kursk Region ◽  
Forest Shelter Belts

Features of fertility dynamics indicators of typical chernozem determining agroecological state soil under these ecosystems are established under differentage forest shelter belts located on various slope exposures on the territory of the experimental field of All-Russia Research Institute of Arable Farming and Soil Erosion Control (Kursk Region, Medvensky District). The study period was 16 years, the age of the forest shelter belts is 20 and 36 years. It is found out that longterm growth of woody plants on typical chernozem results in an increase in its fertility. Moreover, there is the variation of soil properties differs in intensity in forest shelter belts that differ by location in the relief. In all forest shelter belts, regardless of the location in the relief, there is an improvement in the agrophysical state of the soil, an increase in the content of humus, mobile humus substances, mobile potassium, and phosphorus. However, the intensity of changes varies depending on the exposure of the forest shelter belt on the slope. So, on the southern slope there was a maximum increase in the content of humus, mobile phosphorus, exchange bases, and water-flow aggregates. In the soil of the watershed plateau, there was a significant increase in the content of humus, the degree of humification, mobile humus substances, but their qualitative composition and content of agronomically valuable aggregates have not changed. On the northern slope, there was the maximum increase in the criterion of water resistance of soil. With increasing age of forest belts, the aboveground herbaceous phytomass increases with an increase in its share of green biomass and the amount of accumulated litter decreases. The highest phytomass productivity was in the offshore forest belt of the southern slope. Studies have shown that long-term growth of forest shelter belts improves the agroecological state of the soil, regardless of their position in the terrain, which contributes to an increase in the ecological potential of the agricultural landscape. A correct understanding of the direction of changes in the agroecological state of the soil will optimize the structure and functioning of the agricultural landscape.

scholarly journals GROWTH OF TREE SPECIES IN PROTECTIVE FOREST PLANTATIONS AND FORMATION OF FOREST AND RECOVERY COMPLEXES IN CONDITIONS OF CENTRAL RUSSIAN FOREST STEPPECONDITIONS OF CENTRAL RUSSIAN FOREST STEPPE

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-113
Author(s):  
Elena Mikhina ◽  
Vyacheslav Mikhin
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Birch Tree ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Russian Forest

Protective forests in the central forest-steppe of the European part of Russia were created at different times with a diverse assortment of plants. Fast-growing tree scpecies in the composition of artificial linear stands are introduced from the moment of their formation. Soil and hydrological conditions are one of the main conditions on which successful growth of tree species depends. The highest biometric growth indicators in middle-aged plantations in height of balsamic poplar are observed on typical chernozem (0,82 m / year), less significant (0,65 m / year) on leached chernozem. The greatest activity in growth is manifested up to the age of 13 - 18 years. The silver birch tree is characterized by a decrease in activity in height growth since the age of 14 - 20 years. The average annual increase to the 30 year period is 0,60 – 0,74 m / year. In the best soil conditions (typical chernozem), growth rates are higher. In forest belts, both fast-growing (poplar, birch) and slow-growing and long-lasting (english oak) tree species have differences in height and diameter growth depending on their placement in the transverse profile. At the age of 33-45 years, a convex profile is formed, where the average height of the central rows is 10,6 – 16,8% more than the marginal ones and the average diameter of the extreme rows exceeds diameter of average rows by 10,1 – 19,9%. In fast-growing tree species, the active reclamation effect of beneficial protective factors is already evident in youth and at the same time, the width of the inter-strip cells on chernozem soils should not exceed 600 - 650 m.

scholarly journals About longevity and viability of artificial created water-protective forest forest conservation

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Владимир Вавин ◽  
Vladimir Vavin ◽  
Владимир Тунякин ◽  
Vladimir Tunyakin ◽  
Наталия Рыбалкина ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Belt ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
The South ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
English Oak ◽  
Protective Forest

Khrenovskoy section of the "Special Expedition of the Forest Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and State Property for testing and accounting of various ways and methods of forestry and water management in the steppes of Russia" is located in the south-east of the Voronezh region. In the scientific literature this territory is called the "Stone Steppe". The expedition worked here from 1892 to 1898. The first planting was carried out by O.I. Kovalev and K.E. Sobenevsky foresters. In one plantation, many trees and shrubs were tested for their suitability for afforestation in the region. Successors of foresters of "Special expedition ..." G.F. Morozov and A.N. Mikhailov finally decided on the main species, having secured this status behind English oak tree, but taking into account the new requirements for creation of forest belts, the search for the best oak companions is still continuing. Currently, in the south-east of the Central Black Earth (Voronezh region) there are more than 126 thousand hectares of protective plantations on agricultural lands located near ravine and narrows. Most of them grow without forest management; many were exposed to fire and need reforestation measures. In the Stone Steppe, experimental restoration felling has been carried out since 1933, when the forest strips were 38 years old. The last experimental regenerative felling was carried out in the 63 years old summer plantation (forest belt No. 72). The possibility of coppice resumption and creation of oak plantations on felling was tested. Cultures are not preserved because of ill-timed clarification. In the coppice stands the breed composition has changed due to the reduction of oak, which is also explained by the untimely cleaning of oak coppice. There is a perspective in the coppice stands of maple-linden plantations and in old-growth mother stands of oak-maple ones, since in all variants maple young growth is viable and is available in sufficient quantity. The article shows that despite the minimum amount of oak in the composition of the parent stand, by 122 it will begin to take the leading place. The dynamics of the species composition of the 122-year-old water-protection forest stand is considered and the analysis of the results of reforestation cuttings is carried out in different age periods of this plantation. It has been established that the parent tree stand, despite its thinness, has a considerable stock of stem wood, English oak has leading position in vitality, and European ash and black ash ; in the most part, are limited in viability, elm that prevailed during planting was the last one in the old-growth plantation.

scholarly journals Development and implementation of a web-system for making management decisions on increasing soil productivity of degraded agricultural lands

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (3) ◽  
pp. 032096
Author(s):  
A Ilinskiy ◽  
A Matveev ◽  
K Evsenkin
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Web System ◽  
European Part Of Russia

Abstract Experimental studies on the effectiveness of the use of new organo-mineral amendments obtained on the basis of biocompost to restore fertility and increase the productivity of degraded alluvial meadow medium loamy and sod-podzolic sandy loamy soils of reclaimed agricultural lands were carried out by the authors of the paper as part of the implementation of the state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation “To develop a scientific and methodological approach and new agro-meliorative methods for restoring the fertility of degraded reclaimed lands, reclaiming contaminated soils and disturbed pasture areas in the European part of Russia”. The studies included a series of long-term greenhouse and field experiments performed on the reclaimed lands of JSC “Moskovskoye” and the stationary site of the Meshchersky branch of the A.N. Kostyakov All-Russian Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Land Reclamation, which resulted in new ways of restoring the fertility of degraded reclaimed agricultural land and low-productivity lands involved in agricultural circulation using multifunctional amendments for the conditions of the southern part of the Non-Black Earth Zone of Russia. At the end of the experimental studies, the authors developed a database, and then an information and reference Web-system that allows entering, storing, finding and analyzing information on ways to increase the soil fertility of degraded reclaimed agricultural land and low-productivity lands involved in agricultural circulation using biocompost based on the processing of organic waste. This software allows making scientifically based and timely decisions to restore fertility and increase soil productivity.

scholarly journals Biology features of Scolytus koenigi Schevyrew, 1890 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in forest-steppe zone of the European part of Russia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.В. Петров ◽  
Н.Н. Штапова
Keyword(s):  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Norway Maple ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Development Duration ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Main Population ◽  
Forest District

Цель исследования изучение биологических особенностей редкого вида ксилофильных насекомых Scolytus koenigi Schevyrew, 1890. Фенология этого вида изучена недостаточно на всем протяжении ареала. Изучение короеда в Туркменистане, Дагестане и лесостепи Воронежской области (Филиал Теллермановское опытное лесничество Федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения науки Института лесоведения Российской академии наук, ТОЛ ИЛАН РАН) позволило выявить несовпадение периодов лёта жуков, сроков развития личинок и куколок S. koenigi. В северных районах ареала этого вида в условиях Прихоперья лёт жуков протекает в период со второй декады июля по первую декаду августа. Личинки зимуют. Окукливание происходит с первой декады июня по вторую декаду июля. Генерация одногодовая. Вид является олигофагом клена (Acer). В насаждениях ТОЛ ИЛАН РАН он отмечался только на клене остролистном (Acer platanoides L.). Изучены основные популяционные показатели S. koenigi в лесах ТОЛ ИЛАН РАН: длина маточного хода (13 47 мм), плотность поселения (0,01 3 маточных ходов/дм2) и выживаемость (41 94). Смертность S. koenigi на этапе заселения деревьев определялась жуками Clerus mutillarius Fabricius, 1775 (Coleoptera: Cleridae), в фазе личинки S. koenigi личинками C. mutillarius и паразитическими Braconidae. We aimed to study biological features of Scolytus koenigi Schevyrew, 1890, a rare xylophilous insect species. Phenology of the species is insufficiently studied throughout the distribution range. It was found that adult emergence periods as well as larvae and pupae development duration differ between Turkmenistan, Dagestan, and foreststeppe zone of Voronezh Province (Branch of Institute of Forest Science Russian Academy of Sciences Tellerman Experimental Forest District RAS, TEF RAS). In the northern parts of the range, namely in Khoper River basin, flight of beetles occurs from the second decade of July and lasts up to the first decade of August. Larvae is the overwintering stage. Pupation occurs from the first decade of June and lasts up to the second decade of July. There is one generation per year. The species breeds on different maple species (Acer spp.). In the stands of TEF RAS the species was only recorded on Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.). The main population parameters of S. koenigi in TEF RAS are as follows: length of gallery is from 13 to 47 mm, settlement density is from 0.01 to 3 egg gall./ dm2, generation survival is from 41 to 94. Mortality of S. koenigi during the tree infestation is attributed to the predator beetle Clerus mutillarius Fabricius, 1775 (Coleoptera: Cleridae) and at the larval stage mortality was mainly influenced by C. mutillarius larvae and parasitic Braconidae.

Theoretical approaches to substantiation of systems of complex reclamation

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Ludmila Kireycheva ◽  
Valery Yashin
Keyword(s):  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Turbulent Energy ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Natural Zones ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Processing Information

On the basis of thermodynamic approach the requirement for the development of the integrated land reclamation projects in all natural zones of the European part of Russia is proved. It is shown, that measures on land reclamation increase the energy fluxes in the agro-ecosystem from 4 to 8 % depending on the climatic zone, reduce the magnitude of the turbulent energy efficiency and the internal energy of the soil system by 20–40 kJ/ha, which give an opportunity to increase crop productivity by 3–5 times in the reclaimed lands as compared to the non-reclaimed ones. In the practice high-tech irrigation and drainage systems with elements of artificial intelligence, gives an opportunity to control the reclamation mode based on the digital technologies of collecting, analyzing, processing information on environmental parameters and automated systems to make operational decisions.

Study on the Saline-Alkaline Land Reclamation in Daqing

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 6034-6037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Xia Xue ◽  
Xiao Fei Kang ◽  
Li Wei
Keyword(s):  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Natural Conditions

As a well-known city of oil in China, Daqing City is unique in natural conditions with variety of soils. Among them, a large part belongs to the saline—alkaline land, which reduces the ability of filed sound as well as causes diversity of eco-environment issues. In this paper, the existing technologies to reclaim the saline-alkaline land are summarized to analyze its application context. Finally combining with the nature research and natural status of saline-alkaline components in Daqing, the integrated various ways to improve the cultivated land are put forward.

scholarly journals FOREST RECLAMATION COMPLEXES OF THE ROSSOSHANSKY DISTRICT OF THE VORONEZH REGION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Koza ◽  
Elena Mikhina ◽  
Vyacheslav Mikhin
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
Forest Reclamation ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Mixed Crops

Forest reclamation complexes in the Rossoshan district of the Voronezh region are mainly represented with the participation of white acacia, silver birch, green ash, common elm and Tatar maple. The area occupied by them in the agricultural landscape is 2009 hectares. In cultures of hanging birch at the age of 19 years with a change in width from 6.0 m to 15.0 m, there is a decrease in the preservation of species by 8.8% and a decrease in wind protection height by 16.5% with a plant density of 3334 pcs / ha and placement of 3 , 0 x 1.0 m. According to the growth of plantings, they are estimated as Ia class of bonitet. In mixed crops aged 34 years, consisting of fast-growing and accompanying species with a planting width of 16.0 m, the highest height is for drooping birch (20.1 m), the lowest for green ash (14.3 m). The safety of such breeds is 46.8% and 60.6%, respectively. Forest belts, represented by white acacia, drooping birch, Tatar maple at the age of 36 years, have a preservation of species of 38.3-55.2%. The drooping birch has the highest height (22.4 m). In artificial linear plantations, consisting of common elm, drooping birch, Tatar maple and green ash at the age of 38 years, the greatest preservation is observed in the Tatar maple (54.7%), the lowest in green ash (32.7%). The drooping birch has the greatest windproof height (20.6 m) and is estimated in growth according to the Ia class of bonitet. Each breed has certain ecological and biological properties.

scholarly journals The state of the adaptive potential of Quercus robur L. in field-protective forest belts based on the study of substances of secondary metabolism

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-89
Author(s):  
Marina Yurievna Sautkina
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Current State ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Phenolic Substances ◽  
English Oak ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Oak Leaves ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

The paper studies various groups of substances of secondary metabolism of phenolic nature in the leaves of model trees of English oak growing in the field-protective forest belts of the agroforestry complex Kamennaya Steppe. A physiological and biochemical analysis was carried out on samples of oak leaves from each tree in two stages - in the first decade of June and in early August. From each model tree 4-6 shoots of the lower tier of the southern exposure were selected. Significant biochemical diversity of the control and experimental groups of model oak trees was revealed. It is shown that the most significant fluctuations in the level of phenolic substances occur at the beginning of the growing season and then their content is stabilized. The informativeness of biochemical monitoring studies in the complex assessment of the current state of oak stands was confirmed. It is proved that the content of substances of secondary metabolism of phenolic nature and their combination can serve as a criterion of potential energy efficiency.

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