scholarly journals Review on the Child in Modern Iraqi Poetry

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Muna Salah Hasan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Arabic Literature ◽  
American States ◽  
Classical Poetry ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Poetic Texts ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Selection Of

The image of the child in its various shades is one of the common images in Arabic poems from the pre-Islamic era to the modern era, but it did not receive the attention of scholars, and it was not studied in depth showing its connotations and symbols. Hence came my study entitled "The Child in Contemporary Iraqi Poetry", which is an attempt to clarify the symbols of the word (the child) and what it indicates according to the context in which they are mentioned, as well as the statement of the aesthetic aspects of how to employ these symbols through the selection of poetic texts of modern poets in which the image of the child was mentioned Where this image was linked to the intellectual and political framework of the trends of Iraqi poets to create with it multiple connotations that were in harmony with the successive conflicts and revolutions that the poet employed to express intellectual, political and artistic positions. Modern Iraqi poetry by this expression means what many poets wrote in a non-traditional or traditional (classical) poetry curriculum in the literature of their languages. It appeared in Arabic literature at the end of the first half of the twentieth century, especially at the hands of Al-Rihani, Al-Sayyab, the angels and the Arab diaspora in a number of European countries that they went to settle in, especially Italy, France, Britain and then the American states. One of the most prominent differences raised by this trend was what was raised about (authenticity and contemporary) in his book and its production, over decades of years, which lasted about a century.

scholarly journals “A Straight Path, a Narrow Path ...” (New Testament Plots in the “Roman Diary of 1944” by Vyacheslav Ivanov: The Apostles)

2021 ◽  
pp. 168-181
Author(s):  
N.V. Dzutseva
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
New Testament ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Straight Path ◽  
Personal Nature ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Poetic Texts ◽  
Vyacheslav Ivanov

In this article, a number of selected episodes of the “Gospel text” taken from Vyacheslav Ivanov’s “Roman Diary of 1944” – a kind of “sunset” cycle of the poet – are investigated. Particular attention is paid to the place of this cycle within the poet’s creative output. It is observed that the diary-style of the poetry emphasizes the lyrical and confessional tonality of the texts included in the “Roman Diary of 1944.” A detailed analysis of the poems, whose plot is defined by the apostolic theme, is carried out. In particular, the difference between Vyacheslav Ivanov’s creative interpretation of the Gospel episodes concerning the apostles and the corresponding New Testament passages – a difference that emphasizes the strong personal nature of Ivanov’s interpretation of these texts – is highlighted. Special attention is also paid to the historical and cultural context of the works considered. As a result, the concept of “aiontopos” will be introduced into the creative context of Vyacheslav Ivanov’s poetry. Within this concept, the inseparable (essential) link between the later years of his biography and the common Christian “path” to God is revealed. Special attention is paid to the important and still debated issue concerning Vyacheslav Ivanov’s acceptance of Catholicism according to Vladimir Solovyov’s formula. This entire issue introduces the analyzed verses into the context of the general European cultural and philosophical thought of the twentieth century. In this regard, the analyzed poetic texts indicate the names of the saints equally worshiped in both the Catholic and Orthodox traditions. In this way, the cultural-historical and cultural-philosophical relevance of Vyacheslav Ivanov’s poetic intuitions, the ones that express the idea of a common Christian unity in the bosom of the Universal Church, is remarked.

scholarly journals Dekontruksi Pendekatan Kritik Sastra Terhadap Al-Quran Perspektif Amin Al-Khuli

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-253
Author(s):  
Moh. Mofid ◽  
Mohammad Zainal Hamdy
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Arabic Literature ◽  
Modern Era

The Qur'an is a collection of texts that require a very deep understanding and interpretation. Without interpretation, the text of the Qur'an remains a text that cannot speak. Literature is the result of human creation using the medium of written and spoken language, is imaginative, delivered in a unique way, and contains messages that are relatively. The purpose of this study is to explain the literary criticism approach to the Qur'an according to Amin Al-Khuli's view, so that we as Muslims understand more deeply about the contents of the Qur'an. Literary Approach as a Knife of Analysis in Understanding the Text of the Qur'an, Literary approach in interpretation actually emerged due to the large number of non-Arabs who converted to Islam and due to the weakness of the Arabs themselves in the field of literature, so it was felt necessary to explain to them about privileges and circumstances of the meaning of the content of the Qur'an. Then in the modern era the literary approach in the Qur'an was driven by Amin al-Khuli (died. 1968 AD) at the end of the twentieth century (20). He is a professor of Qur'anic studies at Cairo University. According to Amin al-Khuli, the Qur'an is the greatest book in Arabic. One of his theses states that the Qur'an is the greatest work of Arabic literature. The Qur'an has made the Arabic language never die, and along with its status as the language that God has chosen to convey His divine messages, makes the Qur'an itself as something that does not know dry.

Education as a Cleavage

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Bovens ◽  
Anchrit Wille
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
First Century ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
Political Preferences ◽  
Educational Differences ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Selection Of

Cleavage formation in the nineteenth and twentieth century was based on religion and class. To what extent can we observe an emerging social and political cleavage along educational lines across Europe in the twenty-first century? We use a broad notion of cleavage and look at educational patterns of segmentation, stratification, and segregation; differences in political preferences; and to what extent these educational differences are reflected in the political landscape. We construct an index of cleavage formation that aims to measure to what extent the various differences along educational lines are merging. The degree to which the contours of this new divide have been crystallized is stronger in western and northern countries than elsewhere in Europe. This analysis forms the basis of our selection of six West European countries: the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, Germany, France, and the UK.

scholarly journals Emotiveness of convergent and divergent poems: a study of late 18th- and early 21st-century English poetry

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (14) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
I. Redka
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Divergent Thinking ◽  
Experimental Poetry ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Classical Poetry ◽  
Poetic Text ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Poetic Texts ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Traditional Poetry

The article is devoted to the study of emotiveness of English divergent and convergent poetic texts. Emotiveness is regarded as a category of the poetic text that is formally represented by emotives (verbal means that name, express, or describe emotions). Emotive units combine within the poem creating the dominant emotive image that accompanies the central concept of the poetic text. The way the author processes and then implements his / her emotional images in the poetic text predetermines the type of poetry (according to R. Tsur) as convergent or divergent. The convergent poetry complies with the rules of traditional poetry writing (that include meter and rhythm, rhyme, etc.) while divergent poetry associates with automatic writing. The former is marked by the aesthetic design, presence of aesthetic feelings or so-called “metamorphic passions” (D. Miall). The latter contains immediate or “raw” feelings of the author, in other words, feelings that he experiences at the moment of writing. Analysis of the poems of the late 18th — early 21st century has revealed that the convergent thinking is more typical of classical poetry (for example, of the period of Romance). The genre system destruction and appearance of new trends in arts have brought forth new techniques of imagery formation. The 20th century experimental poetry becomes less convergent and more biphasic which presupposes implementation of both thinking types in poetic texts writing. Thus, the divergent thinking is called forth to shatter stale images and break them to fragments out of which new fresh images can be created due to convergence techniques. Such transformations within poetic texts have also influenced their emotive side which is closely connected with conceptual nodes. The implementation of divergent, convergent, or biphasic thinking shapes the emotive focus of a poetic piece, which may become implicit, explicit, blurred, sharp, etc.

Studying Modern Arabic Literature

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Public Intellectual ◽  
Arabic Literature ◽  
Global Culture ◽  
The West ◽  
Teaching And Research ◽  
The Face ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Modern Arabic

This book is devoted to the life and academic legacy of Mustafa Badawi who transformed the study of modern Arabic literature in the second half of the twentieth century. Prior to the 1960s the study of Arabic literature, both classical and modern, had barely been emancipated from the academic approaches of orientalism. The appointment of Badawi as Oxford University's first lecturer in modern Arabic literature changed the face of this subject as Badawi showed, through his teaching and research, that Arabic literature was making vibrant contributions to global culture and thought. Part biography, part collection of critical essays, this book celebrates Badawi's immense contribution to the field and explores his role as a public intellectual in the Arab world and the west.

Being Numerous

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oren Izenberg
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Literary Life ◽  
Aesthetic Politics ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Common ◽  
Century Poetry ◽  
Practical Question ◽  
Language Poets

This book offers a new way to understand the divisions that organize twentieth-century poetry. It argues that the most important conflict is not between styles or aesthetic politics, but between poets who seek to preserve or produce the incommensurable particularity of experience by making powerful objects, and poets whose radical commitment to abstract personhood seems altogether incompatible with experience—and with poems. Reading across the apparent gulf that separates traditional and avant-garde poets, the book reveals the common philosophical urgency that lies behind diverse forms of poetic difficulty—from William Butler Yeats's esoteric symbolism and George Oppen's minimalism and silence to Frank O'Hara's joyful slightness and the Language poets' rejection of traditional aesthetic satisfactions. For these poets, what begins as a practical question about the conduct of literary life—what distinguishes a poet or group of poets?—ends up as an ontological inquiry about social life: What is a person and how is a community possible? In the face of the violence and dislocation of the twentieth century, these poets resist their will to mastery, shy away from the sensual richness of their strongest work, and undermine the particularity of their imaginative and moral visions—all in an effort to allow personhood itself to emerge as an undeniable fact making an unrefusable claim.

Kesulitan Mahasiswa Pembelajar Pemula Bahasa Perancis dalam Memahami Gramatika

Metahumaniora ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 354
Author(s):  
Ferli Hasanah
Keyword(s):  
French Literature ◽  
French Language ◽  
First Year ◽  
The Common ◽  
French Grammar ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRAKGramatika pada setiap bahasa memiliki kekhasannya masing-masing.Mahasiswa Program Studi Sastra Perancis tahun pertama sebagai pembelajar pemulasering mengalami kesulitan dalam memahami gramatika bahasa. Kesulitan mereka tidakterlepas dari perbedaan-perbedaan mendasar pada struktur bahasa Indonesia sebagaibahasa ibu mereka dan bahasa Perancis yang tengah dipelajari. Penelitian ini dilaksanakandengan tujuan untuk mengetahui hambatan yang dimiliki mahasiswa pembelajar pemuladi Program Studi Sastra Perancis Universitas Padjadjaran dalam memahami gramatikabahasa Perancis. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode simak dancatat. Hasil analisis ini menunjukkan bahwa kesalahan-kesalahan yang umum dilakukanpembelajar pemula ada pada penggunaan accent, konjugasi verba, partikel défini maupunindéfini, accord penanda feminin atau jamak, serta pemilihan preposisi.Kata kunci: gramatika, bahasa Perancis, konjugasiABST RACTThe grammar in every language has its own particularities. French literaturestudents in the first year as a beginner learners often have problem in understandingFrench grammar which is frequently considered difficult. Their struggle is inseparablefrom the fundamental differences between Indonesian structure as their mother tongueand the French language which being studied. This research aims to know the obstaclesof the students of beginner learners in the French Literature of Padjadjaran university inunderstanding the basic French grammar. The method used in this research is referringand taking notes method. The results of the analysis shows that the common mistakes oflearners are in the use of accents, verb conjugations, particles défini or indéfini, markeraccord feminine or plural, and the selection of prepositions.Keywords: grammar, French, conjugation

Philosophcal review of h. white̕s tropological theory in the context of the new philosophy of history

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (152) ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
S. M. Geiko ◽  
◽  
O. D. Lauta
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Text Organization ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Actual Material ◽  
The Common ◽  
Historical Nature ◽  
Selection Of

The article provides a philosophical analysis of the tropological theory of the history of H. White. The researcher claims that history is a specific kind of literature, and the historical works is the connection of a certain set of research and narrative operations. The first type of operation answers the question of why the event happened this way and not the other. The second operation is the social description, the narrative of events, the intellectual act of organizing the actual material. According to H. White, this is where the set of ideas and preferences of the researcher begin to work, mainly of a literary and historical nature. Explanations are the main mechanism that becomes the common thread of the narrative. The are implemented through using plot (romantic, satire, comic and tragic) and trope systems – the main stylistic forms of text organization (metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, irony). The latter decisively influenced for result of the work historians. Historiographical style follows the tropological model, the selection of which is determined by the historian’s individual language practice. When the choice is made, the imagination is ready to create a narrative. Therefore, the historical understanding, according to H. White, can only be tropological. H. White proposes a new methodology for historical research. During the discourse, adequate speech is created to analyze historical phenomena, which the philosopher defines as prefigurative tropological movement. This is how history is revealed through the art of anthropology. Thus, H. White’s tropical history theory offers modern science f meaningful and metatheoretically significant. The structure of concepts on which the classification of historiographical styles can be based and the predictive function of philosophy regarding historical knowledge can be refined.

Peculiarities of the juvenile period of the native Chechen genotypes of willow leaf pear (Pyrus salicifolia Pall.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
E. A. Dolmatov ◽  
R. B. Borzayev ◽  
A. N. Shaipov
Keyword(s):  
Chestnut Soil ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Juvenile Period ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
The Common ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Creative Cooperation

The results of the study of the duration of the juvenile period of indigenous Chechen willow leaf pear genotypes (Pyrus salicifolia Pall.) are given in connection with the acceleration of the breeding process and the use of selected forms in pear breeding for high precocity. The studies were carried out in 2016-2019 at OOO “Orchards of Chechnya” in accordance with the Agreement on creative cooperation with the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding. The work was carried out in accordance with generally accepted programs and methods. The objects of the study were one-year and two-year-old pear seedlings obtained from sowing seeds of selected dwarf and low-growing local Chechen forms of willow pear (P. salicifolia Pall.), laying fruit buds on annual growths and seedlings of Caucasian pear (P. caucasica Fed.), 20 500 pcs. of each specie. The aim of the research was to study the potential of precocity of willow pear seedlings and to reveal of selected forms with the greatest degree of this trait. Stratified seeds were sown in the sowing department of the OOO “Orchards of Chechnya” production nursery in April, 2017. The seedlings were grown according to the common technology in dryland conditions on the plot with chestnut soil. The first fl owering of plants was noted in the spring, 2019. As a result of the research, for the first time on a large number of the experimental material it was found that in the off spring of the indigenous Chechen willow leaf pear genotypes, the selection of a little more than 2% of seedlings with a very short juvenile period (2 years) was possible. They are of great interest in accelerating the breeding process and in the selection of new pear varieties with high precocity. 20 willow leaf pear genotypes were selected for the further use in breeding for high precocity and as sources of the trait of short juvenile period.

The Birth of the Prophet Muhammad

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-99
Author(s):  
Frederick S. Colby
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
Critical Scholarship ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

Despite the central importance of festival and devotional piety to premodernMuslims, book-length studies in this field have been relatively rare.Katz’s work, The Birth of the Prophet Muhammad, represents a tour-deforceof critical scholarship that advances the field significantly both throughits engagement with textual sources from the formative period to the presentand through its judicious use of theoretical tools to analyze this material. Asits title suggests, the work strives to explore how Muslims have alternativelypromoted and contested the commemoration of the Prophet’s birth atdifferent points in history, with a particular emphasis on how the devotionalistapproach, which was prominent in the pre-modern era, fell out of favoramong Middle Eastern Sunnis in the late twentieth century. Aimed primarilyat specialists in Middle Eastern and Islamic studies, especially scholarsof history, law, and religion, this work is recommended to anyone interestedin the history of Muslim ritual, the history of devotion to the Prophet, andthe interplay between normative and non-normative forms ofMuslim beliefand practice ...

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