scholarly journals How do Indians Split their Time for Different Activities? A Gender wise Analysis of Rural-Urban Differences using Time Use Surveys

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-114
Author(s):  
B Pradeep Kumar ◽  
M P Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Women In India ◽  
Time Use Surveys

Time use surveys have been used widely to know how economic agents spend their time effectively to participate in different economic and non-economic activities. This paper sets out to discuss the urban/rural difference in respect of the time spent for different activities by both men and women in India. The paper reveals that men spend more time for employment and related activities while women spend more time for unpaid domestic service for household members. The paper finds hardly any serious region wise gender difference in respect of the average time spent for different activities in both rural and urban areas in India. This work takes note of the fact that works being done by the female at their homes go unidentified and demonetized, putting them in a disastrously disadvantages condition, which by any count would impoverish and stand in the way of their further empowerment. Gender inequality has also been observed in the time spent for employment and related activities. The paper looks into an important gender disparity in respect of the percentage of persons engaged in the production of goods for own final use.

scholarly journals INTERFACES DO RURAL E DO URBANO NA CIDADE DE BARCARENA, AMAZÔNIA PARAENSE

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (19) ◽  
pp. 202016
Author(s):  
Jovenildo Cardoso Rodrigues ◽  
Rodrigo Luciano Macedo Machado ◽  
Luciano Rocha da Penha ◽  
Adolfo Oliveira Neto
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Municipal Government ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Urban City ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
The City

RURAL AND URBAN INTERFACES IN THE CITY OF BARCARENA, PARAENSE AMAZONINTERFACES RURALES ET URBAINES DANS LA VILLE DE BARCARENA, AMAZONIE PARAENSERESUMOAs cidades brasileiras vêm passando por transformações aceleradas como resultado de determinações vinculadas ao avanço dos processos de urbanização do território, estruturação de cidades, conformando um mosaico complexo, diverso e contraditório de múltiplos territórios e territorialidades urbano-rurais. Em escala local, a cidade de Barcarena revela-se como espaço de intensas metamorfoses socioespaciais, enquanto produto de ações do Estado e de novos agentes econômicos na constituição da urbanização extensiva do território paraense, com reverberações nas relações e interfaces do rural e do urbano na referida cidade. O presente artigo objetiva analisar as relações e interfaces do rural e do urbano no município e na cidade de Barcarena, Amazônia paraense, a partir dos anos 2000. Como procedimento metodológico, realizamos levantamento bibliográfico e documental, produção cartográfica, registros fotográficos e entrevistas semiestruturadas com agentes do poder público municipal e moradores de áreas rurais e urbanas. Defendemos a ideia de que o rural e o urbano em Barcarena encontram-se amalgamados enquanto processos que revelam coexistências, resistências, bem como, interfaces imbricadas da relação rural-urbano em Barcarena, conformando um mosaico articulado e conflituoso de espacialidades urbano-rurais.Palavras-chave: Rural-Urbano; Cidade; Amazônia; Barcarena.ABSTRACTBrazilian cities have been undergoing accelerated transformations as a result of determinations linked to the advance of the processes of urbanization of territory, structuring of cities, forming a complex, diverse and contradictory mosaic of multiple territories and urban-rural territorialities. On a local scale, the city of Barcarena reveals itself as a space of intense socio-spatial metamorphoses, as a product of state actions and new economic agents in the constitution of extensive urbanization of Pará territory, with reverberations in the relations and interfaces of rural and urban in that city. This article aims at analyzing the relations and interfaces of rural and urban in the municipality and city of Barcarena, in the Amazon region of Pará, starting in the 2000s. As a methodological procedure, we conducted bibliographic and documentary surveys, cartographic production, photographic records and semi-structured interviews with municipal government agents and residents of rural and urban areas. We defend the idea that the rural and the urban in Barcarena are amalgamated as processes that reveal coexistence, resistance, as well as, imbricated interfaces of the rural-urban relationship in Barcarena, forming an articulated and conflicting mosaic of urban-rural spatialities.Keywords: Rural-Urban; City; Amazon; Barcarena.RÉSUMÉLes villes brésiliennes ont connu des transformations accélérées suite à des déterminations liées à l'avancée des processus d'urbanisation, à la structuration des villes, formant une mosaïque complexe, diverse et contradictoire de multiples territoires et territorialités urbaines-rurales. À l'échelle locale, la ville de Barcarena se révèle être un espace d'intenses métamorphoses socio-spatiales, produit des actions de l'État et des nouveaux agents économiques dans la constitution d'une urbanisation extensive du territoire du Pará, avec des répercussions sur les relations et les interfaces entre le rural et l'urbain dans cette ville. Le présent article vise à analyser les relations et les interfaces entre le rural et l'urbain dans la municipalité et la ville de Barcarena, dans la région amazonienne du Pará, à partir des années 2000. Comme procédure méthodologique, nous avons mené des enquêtes bibliographiques et documentaires, des productions cartographiques, des enregistrements photographiques et des entretiens semi-structurés avec des agents de l'administration municipale et des résidents des zones rurales et urbaines. Nous défendons l'idée que le rural et l'urbain à Barcarena sont amalgamés en tant que processus qui révèlent la coexistence, la résistance, ainsi que les interfaces imbriquées de la relation rural-urbain à Barcarena, formant une mosaïque articulée et conflictuelle de spatialités urbaines-rurales.Mots-Clés: Rural-Urban; Ville; Amazone; Barcarena.

scholarly journals Urban–rural disparity in cancer incidence in China, 2008–2012: a cross-sectional analysis of data from 36 cancer registers

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e042762
Author(s):  
Shuai Yuan ◽  
Shao-Hua Xie
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Anatomic Site ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Rural

ObjectiveThe substantial differences in socioeconomic and lifestyle exposures between urban and rural areas in China may lead to urban–rural disparity in cancer risk. This study aimed to assess the urban–rural disparity in cancer incidence in China.MethodsUsing data from 36 regional cancer registries in China in 2008–2012, we compared the age-standardised incidence rates of cancer by sex and anatomic site between rural and urban areas. We calculated the rate difference and rate ratio comparing rates in rural versus urban areas by sex and cancer type.ResultsThe incidence rate of all cancers in women was slightly lower in rural areas than in urban areas, but the total cancer rate in men was higher in rural areas than in urban areas. The incidence rates in women were higher in rural areas than in urban areas for cancers of the oesophagus, stomach, and liver and biliary passages, but lower for cancers of thyroid and breast. Men residing in rural areas had higher incidence rates for cancers of the oesophagus, stomach, and liver and biliary passages, but lower rates for prostate cancer, lip, oral cavity and pharynx cancer, and colorectal cancer.ConclusionsOur findings suggest substantial urban–rural disparity in cancer incidence in China, which varies across cancer types and the sexes. Cancer prevention strategies should be tailored for common cancers in rural and urban areas.

scholarly journals Urban–Rural Disparities in the Magnitude and Determinants of Stunting among Children under Five in Tanzania: Based on Tanzania Demographic and Health Surveys 1991–2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5184
Author(s):  
Wenjun Zhu ◽  
Si Zhu ◽  
Bruno F. Sunguya ◽  
Jiayan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Child Stunting ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
The Individual

Our study aims to examine the disparity of under-5 child stunting prevalence between urban and rural areas of Tanzania in the past three decades, and to explore factors affecting the rural–urban disparity. Secondary analyses of Tanzania Demographic and Health Surveys (TDHS) data drawn from 1991–1992, 1996, 1999, 2004–2005, 2009–2010, and 2015–2016 surveys were conducted. Under-5 child stunting prevalence was calculated separately for rural and urban children and its decline trends were examined by chi-square tests. Descriptive analyses were used to present the individual-level, household-level, and societal-level characteristics of children, while multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to examine determinants of stunting in rural and urban areas, respectively. Additive interaction effects were estimated between residence and other covariates. The results showed that total stunting prevalence was declining in Tanzania, but urban–rural disparity has widened since the decline was slower in the rural area. No interaction effect existed between residence and other determinants, and the urban–rural disparity was mainly caused by the discrepancy of the individual-level and household-level factors between rural and urban households. As various types of determinants exist, multisector nutritional intervention strategies are required to address the child stunting problem. Meanwhile, the intervention should focus on targeting vulnerable children, rather than implementing different policies in rural and urban areas.

Research on the Evaluation Method of Urban-Rural Integration

2012 ◽  
Vol 209-211 ◽  
pp. 611-614
Author(s):  
Lei An ◽  
Pei Zhang ◽  
Dan Li
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Weak Point ◽  
Harmonious Development ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Rural

The evaluation for rural-urban integration plays an important role in the process of the harmonious development of rural and urban areas. The latest progress of existing researches on the Performance Evaluation of Regional Urban-rural Integration was reviewed systematically. Some local governments used the evaluation system to evaluate the rural-urban integration in their territories. The article tries to summarize the literatures about evaluation method for Urban-rural integration，to investigate the weak point about evaluation of urban-rural integration. The new problems will also be point out and the problems need to be further researched.

scholarly journals Moralitas, Peran Perangkat Desa, Dan Kepatuhan Masyarakat Dalam Membayar Pajak Bumi Dan Bangunan Pedesaan Dan Perkotaan: Sanksi Sebagai Variabel Moderating

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
Amir Hidayatulloh ◽  
Agung Dwi Nugroho ◽  
Kahfi Fikrianoor
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Property Taxes ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Rural

This research aims to determine the factors that influence the community in paying property taxes in rural and urban areas, and to find out whether the risk variabel moderates the effect between morality and the role of village official on commuity compliance in paying property taxes in rural and urban areas. The population in this research  is individual taxpayers who in bantul regency. The sample in this research is individual taxpayers who own land and buildings. The research data wase collection by distributing questionnaires to respondents who were met by researchers. Respondents in this research were 127 respondents. This research data analysis techniques uses Partial Least Square, with the help of WarpPLS. This research found that coomunity compliance in paying property taxes in rural and urban areas influenced by the role of village official and sanction. However, morality has no effect on community compliance to property taxes in rural and urban areas. This reserach also found that sanction moderate the effect of morality on the community’s compliance to pay land and urban rural building taxes. However, sanction cannot moderate the effect between role of village officials on community’s mandatory the effect between the role of village official on community’s compliance to pay land and urban rural building taxes.

scholarly journals PENGGUNAAN ALAT KB PADA WANITA KAWIN DI PERDESAAN DAN PERKOTAAN (Studi Hasil SDKI 2017 Provinsi Gorontalo)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Syamsul Syamsul ◽  
Bala Bakri ◽  
Hizry Stevany Limonu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Information Provision ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Knowledge Age ◽  
Urban Rural

The Indonesia and Demographic Health Survey (IDHS) in 2017 reported a gap between urban and rural contraceptive use in Gorontalo Province, Indonesia. This urban-rural inequality calls for an exploration of its drivers. Hence, this study aims at reviewing the literature to analyze the level of use of contraception for married women in rural and urban areas by examining several factors, such as education, knowledge, age, occupation, information provision, and source of service. The main data source used for this study is 2017 IDHS Report, Gorontalo Province section. The results shows that despite a higher knowledge of contraception in urban married women than their rural counterpart, modern contraceptive use is higher in rural areas than in urban areas. Moreover, provision of information plays a larger role in contraceptive use compared to other aspects. Furthermore, the low contraceptive use among urban women is due to the limited services, where there is a mismatch between the needs and the availability of contraception.

scholarly journals Overweight and obesity among children in rural areas: The importance of culture

2021 ◽  
pp. 140349482110378
Author(s):  
Reidun Heggem ◽  
Alexander Zahl-Thanem
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Important Distinction ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Depth Interviews

Aims: This paper focuses on how social inequality is associated with overweight and obesity in children. There is a lack of research with a focus on an important distinction in social inequality, namely geography. The aim of this study was to reduce this knowledge gap by looking closely at the links between rurality and overweight. Methods: The findings in this paper are based on in-depth interviews with school nurses and teachers in rural Norway. The focus was on their experiences with and knowledge about overweight and obesity numbers in rural versus urban areas. Results: We used Bourdieu’s terminology to address the challenges related to urban–rural differences, and found that cultural factors connected to tradition, identity and courtesy play an important role in the rural overweight and obesity discourse. Conclusions: Actors and ‘experts’ working with overweight and obesity and national guidelines need to understand rural contexts and customs and address problems of the countryside on rural, not exclusively urban, premises. Different contexts imply different needs when it comes to reducing the inequalities between rural and urban areas regarding overweight and obesity.

scholarly journals MULTI-DIMENSIONAL ASSESSMENT OF HOUSING CONDITIONS OF THE POPULATION IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS OF THE WIELKOPOLSKIE VOIVODESHIP

2019 ◽  
Vol XXI (2) ◽  
pp. 79-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romana Głowicka-Wołoszyn ◽  
Joanna Stanisławska ◽  
Andrzej Wołoszyn
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Central Statistical Office

The aim of the study was to compare the housing conditions of the population living in rural and urban areas of Wielkopolska province communes. The multidimensional assessment of housing conditions was carried out using the TOPSIS method. The research drew on 2016 data published by the Central Statistical Office in the Local Data Bank. The housing conditions in rural areas of the Wielkopolska province were found to be significantly worse than in urban areas. Over 38% of all examined urban areas and only 5% of rural areas (mainly located in the Poznań Metropolitan Area) were classified as Class I with the highest level of housing conditions. Class IV – with the lowest level of housing conditions – included as many as 25% of rural areas and only one urban area located in a mixed, urban-rural commune. In many of the studies, dynamic, beneficial changes in housing conditions in rural areas are emphasized despite the continuous worse situation of rural areas compared to cities. However, due to the observed suburbanisation processes in rural areas in the vicinity of large urban agglomerations, it would be necessary to distinguish living transformations in these rural areas, from changes in housing conditions in rural areas that perform typical agricultural functions.

Abstract P94: Rural-Urban Utilization of Echocardiography: Analysis of Veterans Administration Data

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kingston Okrah ◽  
Mary Vaughan-Sarrazin ◽  
Peter Kaboli ◽  
Peter Cram
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Integrated Networks ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Rural

BACKGROUND: Patients residing in rural areas may have reduced access to many medical services. This is a particular concern for highly regionalized delivery systems such as VA Healthcare System. We examine echocardiography (echo) utilization among veterans residing in urban and rural regions of the US. METHODS: We used VA administrative data to identify patients receiving care at the VA from 1999-2007. Patients were included during any year that they were engaged in care at the VA, defined by having at least 2 primary care visits during the year (“VA users”). For each year, we identified echos performed on VA users using CPT or ICD-9 codes. We classified each veteran as living in an urban, rural or highly rural region using the RUCA classification system. We compared demographics, comorbidity, and echo utilization rates per 1000 VA users among veterans living in each of the 3 regions using bivariate methods. We used logistic regression models to compare echo utilization for veterans residing in rural and highly rural areas with urban veterans serving as the reference while adjusting for patient demographics, comorbidity, and clustering of patients within 23 veteran integrated networks. RESULTS: Echo recipients residing in highly rural areas were older than residents in rural and urban areas (67.3 yrs vs. 66.7 yrs vs. 66.6 yrs), and more likely to be white, (76.5% vs. 73.6% vs. 59.4%). Unadjusted echo utilization was significantly higher for residents of urban areas compared to rural areas, but similar to highly rural areas (64.0 echos per 1000 per year for urban vs. 59.2 for rural vs. 63.7 for highly rural). In regression models however, we found that veterans living in rural and highly rural areas were slightly more likely to receive echos compared to veterans living in urban areas after adjusting for patient demographics and comorbidity (OR 1.03 95% CI 1.03-1.04 for rural and OR 1.13 95% CI 1.12-1.14 for isolated rural). CONCLUSION: We found no evidence that veterans residing in rural and highly rural regions of the U.S. had reduced utilization of echocardiography after adjusting for patient demographics and comorbidity. These findings suggest that the regionalization of the VA delivery system does not limit the performance of echocardiography for rural veterans.

scholarly journals Assisting Rural Womens for using Basic Electronic Gadgets for Safety Purposes

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2S4) ◽  
pp. 317-319
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Women In India ◽  
The Needy ◽  
Economic Improvement

The Indian Self-Help Group (SHG) movement has been working in the exact direction in recent years to empower women and eradicate poverty in rural and urban areas. Women in India have a strong confidence in the campaign and are responsible for improving their livelihoods. The present study is to evaluate the quality of SHGs chosen for the investigation from the district of Kanchipuram and the district of Chennai. The study's broad goal is to analyze the SHGs operating system for saving mobilization, credit delivery to the needy, repayment of loans, and building SGH members ' opinion on increased decision-making power. All primary and secondary data are obtained and demographic information analyzes age, family structure, and number of dependents in the household. The study emphasizes the role of SHGs for their integration in empowering women, social cohesion, and socio-economic improvement of the poor.

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